Environmental Problems
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Item Development of mathematic model of gas-turbine unit combustion chamber functioning(Publishing House of Lviv Polytechnic National University, 2014) Mandryk, Oleh; Mykhailiuk, YuliyaThe article presents the basic issues of ecological safety improvement of present-day steady-state gas turbine units. A mathematic model of diagnostics of combustion chamber considering the basic parameters of gas-turbine unit (GTU) operation under different technological modes was developed. These modes include the intake air temperature of the axial-flow compressor, the intake temperature of the actuating medium of the directing set of the high pressure turbine as well as the temperature of the environment.Item Environmental safety of water bodies and coastal areas using the method of water environment bioindication by means of macrophytes(Publishing House of Lviv Polytechnic National University, 2016) Bondarchuk, Olga; Petruk, Vasyl; Kvaterniyk, SergiyThe purpose of this work is to improve the ecological state of water bodies and coastal area of the “Enerhoharant” LLC company by implementing a series of environmental measures based on research of their ecosystems and environmental-economic assessment that will enable largely to solve the problem of optimal use of natural resources for the recreational purposes.Item Adaptation of IUCN Сlassification schemes for environmental safety passports of species(Publishing House of Lviv Polytechnic National University, 2016) Kryvomaz, TetianaThis study aimed to improve the ways of risk assessment for environmental safety. The implementation of “Environmental safety passports of species” is of practical importance for effective risk assessment of individual species impact to the environment, humans and other living organisms. The classification schemes of International Union for Conservation of Nature for evaluating habitats, threats & stresses, use and trade, livelihoods of species were analyzed and adapted to the requirements of environmental safety. Some sections such as general information about species, their distribution, ecological classification, metabolism features, risks evaluation and beneficial use were itemized to be included into the structure of ESPS.Item Reduction of environmental hazard of Hudrogen Sulfide emission from sewerage pipelines and visual pollution, formed by degassing units(Publishing House of Lviv Polytechnic National University, 2016) Iurchenko, Valentina; Lebedeva, ElenaAt some sites of the sewage collector in Kharkov concentration of hydrogen sulfide in the underroof space exceeds in thousands of times daily average MPC. As a result the gaseous emissions from the sewage network in the city atmosphere the content of hydrogen sulfide in the atmosphere of residential development area may exceed the MPCd.a. The degasifier, installed above the sewage shaft efficiently rectifies gas releases. Design solutions are developed, which allow to harmonize degasifiers on sewerage nets with urban environment of different application.Item Mathematical modelling of the population dynamics of hunting mammals based on recurrent equation system(Publishing House of Lviv Polytechnic National University, 2016) Trach, Іryna; Petruk, Vasyl; Kvaternyuk, Sergy; Titov, ТarasRegression analysis of the population dynamics of hunting mammals based on Khmilnytskyi forestry was made. Correlation analysis of the observations results between the populations of spotted deer and wisent, spotted deer and wild boar, lepus and fox was made. Modelling of the population dynamics of hunting mammals was done using Mathcad based on the system of recurrent logistics equations and the adequacy of the model by the Pearson's criteria was proved.Item Change of bacterial amount during sonication(Publishing House of Lviv Polytechnic National University, 2016) Koval, Iryna; Shevchuk, LiliyaThe dynamics of the change of microbial amounts in water medium in sonication time was determined. Gases bubbling of different nature into the reaction medium for water disinfection from bacteria under cavitation conditions is proposed in the article. The rate constants of destruction of Bacillus cereus bacteria type in the gas atmosphere are expected. It was determined that the processes microorganisms’ destruction at bubbling of all investigated gases are described by the kinetic equations of the first order.Item Qualitative and quantitative characteristics of biogas of cyanea organic mass(Publishing House of Lviv Polytechnic National University, 2016) Digtiar, SergyThe article discusses the results of studies of the methane production from cyan biomass based on the data obtained in the course of a laboratory experiments. The yield of biogas was calculated from the substrate per unit volume, and its energy properties were determined. Experimental data indicates the feasibility and economic viability of this biotechnology.Item The first step to sketch the spatio-temporal evolution of biochemical and physical parameters involving in the Harmful Algal Blooms (HAB) in Mattatall Lake (Nova Scotia, Canada)(Publishing House of Lviv Polytechnic National University, 2016) Nguyen-Quang, Tri; Lieou, Kien-Chinh; Hushchyna, Kateryna; Nguyen, Tri-Dung; Sharifi Mood, Negar; Nadeem, Muhammad; McLellan, Kayla; Murdymootoo, Kalaivani; Merks, Emily; Hirtle, RachelMany watercourses in Nova Scotia (Canada) have recently had algal blooms in a surprisingly increasing way in frequency and diversity without any good understanding or explanation about causes and effects. The blooms triggered in Mattatall Lake (Wentworth, Nova Scotia) have many particular aspects: toxic species domination, nutrients increasing on a monthly basis, and blooms that co-exist with icy conditions. In this paper, we suggest an approach to create a map system with an appropriate interpolation and validation of necessary data in order to deal with this issue in Mattatall Lake and to contribute to the analysis framework and management plan on the entire area. Our long-term objective is aiming to suggest a modeling process for the entire watershed.Item Prospects of using methods effective use of alternative energy(Publishing House of Lviv Polytechnic National University, 2016) Bukhkalo, Svetlana; Olkhovska, OksanaThe article presents the possibility of the development of science-based concept of integrated processes complex enterprises energy mix (alternative energy and polymer wastes). A review of the literature and the necessary articles written on the subject: as technologies and economies develop and become more complex, energy needs increase greatly; types and methods of alternative energy, as well as the possibility of calculating the basic set of main economic indicators are classified; identified possible areas of work in obtaining the necessary information and results. The results of studies of complex innovative projects conducted as interuniversity cooperation.Item Water resources of Ukraine: usage, qualitive and quantitative assessment (with detail description of Odessa region)(Publishing House of Lviv Polytechnic National University, 2016) Safranov, Tamerlan; Berlinskyi, Nikolai; Volkov, AndreiThe level of pollutant in river and reservoirs water in Ukraine is rather high. The assessment of the modern state of water resources in the different regions had been done. In generally it was determined that water infrastructure in Ukraine needs reconstruction. New State Program of Water Management Conception and new Law about water management up to 2020 had been approved. Nine basins committees were organized. Committees are composed of representatives of science, practical specialists and the public. The main directions of this Program were supported by World Summit on Sustainable Development.Item Analysis and forecast of the environmental radioactivity dynamics based on the methods of chaos theory: general conceptions(Publishing House of Lviv Polytechnic National University, 2016) Glushkov, Alexander; Safranov, Timur; Khetselius, Olga; Ignatenko, Anna; Buyadzhi, Vasily; Svinarenko, AndreyFor the first time, we present a completely new technique of analysis, processing and forecasting of any time series of the environmental radioactivity dynamics, which schematically is as follows: a) general qualitative analysis of a dynamical problem, typical environmental radioactivity dynamics (including a qualitative analysis from the viewpoint of ordinary differential equations, the “Arnold-analysis”); b) checking for the presence of chaotic (stochastic) features and regimes (the Gottwald-Melbourne’s test; the correlation dimension method); c) reducing the phase space (the choice of time delay, the definition of the embedding space by the correlation dimension methods and false nearest neighbours algorithms); d) determination of the dynamic invariants of a chaotic system (computation of the global Lyapunov dimension la; determination of the Kaplan-Yorke dimension dL and average limits of predictability Prmax on the basis of the advanced algorithms; e) a nonlinear prediction (forecasting) of any dynamical system evolution. The last block really includes new (in the theory of environmental radioactivity dynamics and environmental protection) methods and algorithms of nonlinear prediction such as methods of predicted trajectories, stochastic propagators and neural networks modeling, renormanalysis with blocks of polynomial approximations, wavelet-expansions etc.Item Сontents "Environmental problems" Volume 1, number 2(Publishing House of Lviv Polytechnic National University, 2016)Item Advanced modeling and forecasting of pollutant concentrations temporal dynamics in the atmosphere of an industrial city (gdansk region)(Publishing House of Lviv Polytechnic National University, 2016) Glushkov, Alexander; Safranov, Timur; Khetselius, Olga; Prepelitsa, Georgy; Bunyakova, Yuliya; Bykowszczenko, NataliyaIn the paper we present the results of an advanced investigation of dynamics of variations of the atmospheric pollutants (sulphur dioxide) concentrations in the air basins of Polish industrial cities (Gdansk region) by using the improved non-linear prediction and chaos theory methods. Chaotic behavior of the sulphurous anhydride concentration time series at two sites in the city of Gdansk has been computed. As usually, to reconstruct the corresponding chaotic attractor, it is necessary to determine time delay and embedding dimension. The former is determined by the methods of autocorrelation function and average mutual information, and the latter is calculated by means of the correlation dimension method and algorithm of false nearest neighbours. Further, the Lyapunov exponents’ spectrum, the Kaplan-Yorke dimension and the Kolmogorov entropy and other invariants are calculated. An existence of a low-D chaos in the cited system is confirmed and using polynominal algorithm with neural networks block allows making an improved short-term forecast of the atmospheric pollutant fluctuations dynamics.Item Prospects of using PET waste for environmentally friendly mineral fertilizers(Publishing House of Lviv Polytechnic National University, 2016) Nagurskyy, Oleg; Malovanyy, Myroslav; Synelnikov, Sergij; Vahchuk, ViktorijaThe article presents the technological possibility of using PET wastes for encapsulation of granulated mineral fertilizers. The schematic flowsheet is proposed to obtain film-forming composition. An encapsulated ammonium nitrate with predictable kinetics of fertilizer components release was obtained.Item Reduction of the environmental threat from uncontrolled development of cyanobacteria in the waters of the Dnieper reservoirs(Publishing House of Lviv Polytechnic National University, 2016) Malovanyy, Myroslav; Nykyforov, Volodymyr; Kharlamova, Olena; Synelnikov, Alexander; Dereyko, KhrystynaWe have analyzed the ecological hazard that has emerged as a result of the construction of hydropower plants on the Dnieper, which became the cause of uncontrolled development of cyanobacteria. The environmental risks that are caused by the uncontrolled development of cyanobacteria and their biodegradability were studied. The efficiency of application of the known methods of suppression of mass development of the blue-green algae was analyzed. The amount of biogas that can be synthesized from cyanobacteria biomass of Kremenchug reservoir was estimated. The strategy of avoiding the ecological disaster from the uncontrolled development of cyanobacteria and its negative impact on the environment was suggested.Item Hazardous household waste management in Vinnytsia region(Publishing House of Lviv Polytechnic National University, 2016) Ishchenko, Vitalii; Petruk, Roman; Kozak, YanaThe article analyzes hazardous household waste, including detergents, paints, adhesives, expired medicines, luminescent lamps, pesticides, fertilizers, batteries and accumulators, electrical and electronic waste, mercury-containing materials. Research shows that they contain a large quantity of dangerous and toxic substances (compounds of heavy metals, chlorinated polymers, aromatic hydrocarbons, surfactants, etc.), which pose a significant risk to the environment and human. The analysis of hazardous household waste management in the Vinnytsia region has showed absence of the appropriate management system. Hazardous household waste is collected separately only fragmentary and is released into environment together with other household waste, creating an environmental hazard in the region. The article also contains recommendations for the hazardous household waste management.Item Ecological safety of visual environment and videoecological perception (VEP) of Vinnitsia(Publishing House of Lviv Polytechnic National University, 2016) Bondarchuk, Olga; Petruk, VasylThe object of the research is landscapes of the urban ecosystem of the town of Vinnytsia. The purpose of the work is to investigate and evaluate the level of videoecological perception and geopotential sustainability of Vinnytsia and set the main risks to natural and artificial visual environment of the city. The paper deals with the method of calculation for the evaluation of videcoecological favourableness of the urban environment and methods of visual pollution control in the urban environment. During the research videoecological perception of the town of Vinnytsia was analyzed, the main environmental risks of the technosphere were identified and an evaluation of the sustainability of the urban environment of the city was made; the ways to optimize visual sensitivity of natural and artificial environment in the city were reviewed. A map-scheme based on experimental data and patterns of the range of videoecologiacal perception was made and its distribution among the territory of Vinnytsia was shown.Item Mutation of the Drosophila melanogaster L. under the influence of the electromagnetic radiation(Publishing House of Lviv Polytechnic National University, 2016) Nykyforov, Volodymyr; Sakun, OksanaBrief results of the previous studies of the effect of electromagnetic radiation on the fruit flies are quoted. The influence of electromagnetic radiation of industrial frequency on the living organisms has been investigated. Correlative dependence between phenotype Drosophila melanogaster L., duration and intensity of harmful factors has been established. Phenotypic manifestations have been fixed and Drosophila melanogaster L. mutation under the constant influence of the magnetic field induction from 2,25 to 20 μТ in three generations of test objects have been characterized. The dependence of the increased frequency of mutations occurrence and the increase of their diversity caused by the increase of magnetic field induction has been revealed.Item Spatial and temporal variability of pollutants in the bottom sediments in the northwest part of the Black sea(Publishing House of Lviv Polytechnic National University, 2016) Berlinskyi, Nikolai; Safranov, TamerlanThe level of pollution of the bottom sediments in the Northwest shelf of the Black Sea is examined. Modern data are compared with those of the late 20th century and their variability over 30 years. Substantial increase (by two orders) of copper, lead and nickel concentration has been marked.Item Administration of the system of municipal solid waste management Lublin experience in the period from 2007 until 2010(Publishing House of Lviv Polytechnic National University, 2016) Lutek, WojciechThis article presents main concepts of building modern system of communal resources management in Lublin. The author indicates major tools used for realisation of the project, describing the results of introducing above mentioned system in the first four years of its functioning (2007–2010).