Environmental Problems. – 2022. – Vol. 7, No. 3

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Науковий журнал

Засновник і видавець Національний університет «Львівська політехніка». Виходить двічі на рік з 2016 року.

Environmental Problems = Екологічні проблеми : [науковий журнал] / Lviv Polytechnic National University ; [editor-in-chief M. Malovanyy]. – Lviv : Lviv Politechnic Publishing House, 2022. – Volume 7, number 3. – P. 109–163 : ill.

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Content (Vol. 7, No 3)


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    Review of Ukrainian, Slovakian and Serbian Municipal Waste Management: Comparative Study
    (Видавництво Львівської політехніки, 2022-03-01) Valenćiková, Marina; Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra
    The Carpathian Euroregion comprises of five countries: Poland, Slovakia, Hungary, Romania and Ukraine, as the Euroregion's fifth state, aspires to join the EU. As a result, we chose to compare Slovak Republic as an EU member state and Serbia and Ukraine as candidate countries. To support waste reduction and a circular economy, European law establishes waste management principles incorporated into national legislation across all EU member states. The key document of Slovakia is the Envirostrategy 2030, which sets a target of 60 % recycling and 10 % landfilling by 2030. In 2017, Ukraine's Cabinet approved a National Waste Management Strategy for the period up to 2030, and Serbia approved a Waste Management Program in the Republic of Serbia for the period 2022 - 2031; as a crucial aspect of the EU's new growth strategy to move the EU economy toward a sustainable economic model, the research article focuses on the European Green Deal and its effects on the countries under examination. This research paper's goal is to assess the state of Serbia, Slovakia, and Ukraine focusing on the waste situation in particular. While Ukraine and Serbia have enacted legislation requiring waste separation, this is only being implemented gradually in practice, and insufficient infrastructure is another issue. Slovakia has a slightly better situation due to its more advanced infrastructure.
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    Contents
    (Видавництво Львівської політехніки, 2022-03-01)
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    The Hydropower in Ukraine: Organizational and Economic Instruments of Stimulating the Green Energy Development and Rational Use of Hydropower Potential
    (Видавництво Львівської політехніки, 2022-03-01) Hnedina, Kateryna; Nahornyi, Pavlo; Chernihiv Polytechnic National University
    The article focuses on the research of hydropower in Ukraine: its current state, problems, possible ways to solve them and prospects for development. The relevance of this research refers to the importance of a comprehensive study of hydropower in Ukraine as the main component of green energy, as well as the potential for the development of hydropower in the conditions of the future post-war rebuilding of Ukraine. The main research goal is to define a complex of organizational and economic instruments to stimulate the development of hydropower in Ukraine and to ensure the rational use of hydropower potential. The core research methods are analysis, comparison, systematic approach, dialectical method, methods of abstraction and concretization, mathematical and statistical methods, etc. The terminological content of the concept and peculiarities of use and protection of water resources are characterized. The growth of their scarcity for household and agro-industrial needs of Ukraine is shown. The peculiarities of the development of hydropower as a branch of energy, which provides a principle of operation based on the use of water energy, have been studied. Weak and strong points, opportunities, and threats to the development of hydropower have been identified. The main prospects for the development of the hydropower industry in Ukraine are analyzed. All possible aspects of development are divided into two groups: effective environmental management of water bodies and costeffective environmental use of hydropower potential. Each of these areas is analyzed in the context of state policy and water policy of the largest representative of the hydropower industry. The main recommendations for the development of hydropower in Ukraine are offered, aimed at solving the problems of water management and economically justified environmental use of the hydropower potential of Ukraine.
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    Strategic Environmental Assessment – Underestimated Tool for Sustainable Subsoil Use
    (Видавництво Львівської політехніки, 2022-03-01) Karabyn, Vasyl; Shuryhin, Vladyslav; Shutiak, Sofia; Chmiel, Marek; Kulhánek, Rastislav; Lviv State University of Life Safety; Ukrainian National Bar Association; Politechnika Częstochowska; Comenius University Bratislava
    Strategic environmental assessment is an effective tool for improving the level of environmental safety in various areas. The purpose of the article is to identify and classify the main tasks of strategic environmental assessment in subsoil use, taking into account its role and functions in the subsoil management system, and to suggest ways to improve environmental safety in subsoil use by means of strategic environmental assessment. The materials for the article were the results of many years of authors' research on various aspects of the methodology for assessing the environmental safety of subsoil use and scientific source analysis. The main research methods were comparison, deduction, analysis, synthesis, and classification. The authors grouped the tools of the strategic environmental assessment into five main groups: analytical, organisational, scientific and technical, control and procedural, and media. Analysis of the legal framework determines the need to finalise the draft of the Subsoil Code to take into account the requirements of the Law of Ukraine “On Strategic Environmental Assessment” in the context of carrying out state examination and assessment of reserves and resources of minerals and establishing conditions for mineral raw materials, drafting industrial development (technological scheme) of the deposit. The classification of the tools of strategic environmental assessment in subsoil use is carried out. Analysis of draft legislation in the field of subsoil use shows positive changes in achieving sustainable development goals. Simultaneously, the authors identified some inconsistencies between different legislative acts and projects.
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    Mathematical Modeling of Assessment of the Influence of Electromagnetic Fields on Pollution of Agricultural Land
    (Видавництво Львівської політехніки, 2022-03-01) Vambol, Sergij; Vambol, Viola; Dubnitskiy, Valeriy; Kundenko, Mykolay; Cherepnov, Ihor; Lahori, Altaf Hussain; Biotechnological University; National University “Yuri Kondratyuk Poltava Polytechnic”; “Karazin Banking Institute” of V. N. Karazin Kharkiv National University; Sindh Madressatul Islam University
    This work studies the impact of electromagnetic fields on the degradation of agricultural land. During the analysis of available sources of information, it was found that in the scientific publications by domestic authors, there is no mention of such a factor of land degradation as the action of electromagnetic fields (EMF) of man-made origin. Numerous scientific works by foreign experts present the results of experimental studies that confirm the negative impact of electromagnetic radiation (EMR) of power lines (PL) on agricultural land. The application of mathematical methods of modelling the dynamics of the distribution of the number of microorganisms or other soil components in the irradiation zone of power lines can be the basis for biomonitoring in the system of construction technologies to protect agricultural land from electromagnetic pollution. The paper presents statistical models designed to assess the impact of electromagnetic fields on pollution of agricultural land and conduct appropriate biomonitoring. The dependence of the number of fungi in the soil on the distance to the 110 kV power line at different seasons and the dynamics of the intensity of adaptation processes in the soil at different distances from the power line (PL) was constructed. The methods of regression, variance and cluster analysis were used in the development of models, and the corresponding elasticity functions were constructed. It is shown that the application of modern data processing methods allows obtaining additional information even from the already published results of work performed by various researchers.
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    Cleaning of Gas Emissions By Biological Method
    (Видавництво Львівської політехніки, 2022-03-01) Dyachok, Vasyl; Venher, Liubov; Huhlych, Serhiy; Svjantko, Iryna; Lviv Polytechnic National University
    The paper shows the possibility of using chlorophyllsynthesizing microalgae of Chlorella Vulgaris to purify biogas from carbon dioxide (CO2), hydrogen sulfide (H2S) and ammonia (NH3). Experimental dependences of the dynamics of CO2 uptake by microalgae under the action of H2S inhibitor and NH3 activator are presented. A mathematical description of the growth of biomass of microalgae Chlorella Vulgaris depending on the concentration of hydrogen sulfide and ammonia was obtained. The optimal values of hydrogen sulfide and ammonia concentration for the efficient process of carbon dioxide uptake by chlorophyll-synthesizing microalgae Chlorella Vulgaris from biomethanization gas have been established.
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    Obtaining and Using Substrates with Sewage Sludge
    (Видавництво Львівської політехніки, 2022-03-01) Malovanyy, Myroslav; Storoshchuk, Uliana; Lviv Polytechnic National University
    The article is devoted to the study of the prospects of using compost with sewage sludge in the raw material for the recultivation of disturbed lands. A special installation was used for bio-composting, which allowed controlling of the process parameters. The results of bio-indication of composts obtained under different conditions of compositions of the raw material mixture are given. Based on the analysis of the results of bioindication, the optimal composition of the raw material mixture using “fresh” and “old” sewage sludge is established. An analysis of the parameters of the bio-indication process was carried out for this compost of optimal composition, which makes it possible to develop recommendations for the implementation of the process in industrial conditions.
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    The Influence of the Organization of Society on the State of the Environment
    (Видавництво Львівської політехніки, 2022-03-01) Mykhaylenko, Volodymyr; Antonov, Oleksiy; A. M. Pidgorny Institute of Mechanical Engineering Problems of NAS of Ukraine
    The article is aimed at researching the current problem of socioecology – the causes and consequences of possible resource depletion, as well as establishing the possibility of its averting. There are two classifications of natural resources from the point of view of ecology: according to their renewability and according to the possibility of use. Based on the concept of the Rouche limit, the law of the resource balance of society is formulated, which relates the social productivity of labor to the population density and the depletion of available natural resources. This law is another form of recording the balance of social production and consumption of resources. The consequences of its violation are shown.The effect of abiotic, biotic and anthropogenic factors on the rate of depletion of available natural resources is studied, and the decisive role of scientific and technological progress in the development of the resource base of society is shown. It was determined that scientific and technological progress is a decisive factor in averting a resource catastrophe by humanity and individual nations. The conducted study of the social structure allows us to draw a conclusion about the decisive role of industrial relations in the implementation of new scientific and technical solutions in production.