Environmental Problems

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    10th anniversary of the Viacheslav Chornovil Institute of Sustainable Development
    (Видавництво Львівської політехніки, 2022-06-01) Moroz, Oleksandr; Kuz, Olha; Ruda, Mariia; Lviv Polytechnic National University
    The Vyacheslav Chornovil Institute of Sustainable Development, like every newly created unit (in 2021 the ICT celebrated its 10th anniversary), is in the process of development and growth: new specialties have been licensed, laboratories have been established, international cooperation is developing and the number of students is growing.The peculiarity of the institute is that it is multidisciplinary. The Vyacheslav Chornovil Institute of Sustainable Development trains specialists in five different fields of knowledge (natural sciences, production and technology, service, management and administration, civil security) in five specialties: “Ecology”, “Environmental Protection Technologies environment”, “Tourism”, “Entrepreneurship, trade and exchange activities”, “Civil Security". In addition, Vyacheslav Chornovil Institute of Sustainable Development provides general education for students of all specialties in ecology, labor protection, life safety and civil protection.
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    30 Years of scientific and pedagogical activity of professor Volodymyr V. Nykyforov
    (Lviv Politechnic Publishing House, 2019-02-26) Andrash, Peter; Department of environmental management of Matej Bel University
    For the first time, full data on the scientific and pedagogical work of Professor Volodymyr Nykyforov is published. The main stages of his work for 30 years are considered. The basic results of fundamental research and applied developments of the scientist are discussed.
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    Acquiring practice in environmental and social impact assessment: case study of Lviv city dumpsite, Ukraine
    (Видавництво Львівської політехніки, 2021-03-01) Mykhaylenko, Valeriy; Havryliuk, Ruslan; Blyzniuk, Mykola; Kriipsalu, Mait; Hoffmann, Michael; Denafas, Gintaras; Sholokhova, Anastasiia; Hogland, William; Nauchu, Nataliia; Gulevets, Dmytro; Kyiv National Taras Shevchenko University; Institute of Geological Sciences of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine; Poltava National Pedagogical University named after V. G. Korolenko; Estonian University of Life Sciences; Self-employed expert; Kaunas University of Technology; Linnaeus University; Free ecologist; National Aviation University
    Municipal Solid Waste Management (MSWM) is a new and fast-growing business area that is becoming widespread in Ukraine. The fire accident at Lviv city landfill “Hrybovychi” forced the local governments to initiate work on its closure and reclamation. The Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) of the planned activity is the first mandatory step in this direction. The complex nature of EIA procedures requires a similarly integrated approach to identify hazards and develop a shared vision of existing risks. This is demonstrated by the analysis of two published EIA reports on remediation of “Hrybovychi” dump and the dangers that were not identified. Threats of additional groundwater pollution, causes of fire and consequences of negative impact on adjacent areas, the possibility of re-ignition of the landfill, the spreading of microparticles (PM2,5), and formation of toxic compounds classified as persistent organic pollutants (POPs) together with their long-distance migration – these and other dangers were not identified and were not discussed with public organizations. The article aims at showing a scientific approach to identifying environmental hazards in combination with the social component – assessments of problematic activities for public health, which are often ignored in post-Soviet countries. Current and best practices of the Baltic Sea countries in this field are presented by an international team of university scientists. Analysis of critical observations and making recommendations for preventing, minimizing, and mitigating the adverse effects of an accident can help to improve the peer review and development of similar EIA projects.
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    Activator of carbon dioxide absorption by chlorophyll-synthesizing microalgae
    (Lviv Politechnic Publishing House, 2019-02-26) Dyachok, Vasil; Mandryk, Solomiia; Huhlych, Serhiy; Lviv Polytechnic National University
    The influence of nitrogen oxides on the СО2 uptake rate by chlorophyll-producing microalgae of Chlorella type was investigated. Experimental dependences of microalgae concentration growth over time under certain values of nitrogen oxides concentration in the culture medium were obtained. The mathematical model of microalgae biomass growth depending on nitrogen oxides concentration was developed. Based on the solution of the mathematical model and the obtained experimental data, the concentration of nitrogen oxides for the maximal microalgae growth was determined.
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    Adaptation of IUCN Сlassification schemes for environmental safety passports of species
    (Publishing House of Lviv Polytechnic National University, 2016) Kryvomaz, Tetiana
    This study aimed to improve the ways of risk assessment for environmental safety. The implementation of “Environmental safety passports of species” is of practical importance for effective risk assessment of individual species impact to the environment, humans and other living organisms. The classification schemes of International Union for Conservation of Nature for evaluating habitats, threats & stresses, use and trade, livelihoods of species were analyzed and adapted to the requirements of environmental safety. Some sections such as general information about species, their distribution, ecological classification, metabolism features, risks evaluation and beneficial use were itemized to be included into the structure of ESPS.
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    Administration of the system of municipal solid waste management Lublin experience in the period from 2007 until 2010
    (Publishing House of Lviv Polytechnic National University, 2016) Lutek, Wojciech
    This article presents main concepts of building modern system of communal resources management in Lublin. The author indicates major tools used for realisation of the project, describing the results of introducing above mentioned system in the first four years of its functioning (2007–2010).
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    Adsorptive desulfurization of industrial wastewatern
    (Видавництво Львівської політехніки, 2020-02-10) Khudoyarova, Olga; Gordienko, Olga; Sydoruk, Tetiana; Titov, Taras; Petruk, Roman; Prokopchuk, Serhii; Vinnytsia Mykhailo Kotsiubynskyi State Pedagogical University; Vinnytsia National Technical University
    An alternative method of purification of aqueous sulfide-alkaline effluents from sulfide and hydrosulfide ions by their adsorption with mixed sorbents based on activated charcoal and kieselguhr has been investigated. High adsorption efficiency of mixed sorbents for purification of model sulfide- and hydrosulfide-containing solutions has been established. The dependence of the extraction degree of sulfide and hydrosulfide ions from aqueous solutions on their concentration, adsorption time and sorbent mass used has been investigated. The surface of mixed sorbents after purification of sulfide-alkaline model solutions was investigated by X-ray analysis, and the presence of various modifications of sodium sulfide on the surface was shown. The scheme of adsorption treatment of industrial sewage with the use of mixed sorbents has been offered.
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    Advanced modeling and forecasting of pollutant concentrations temporal dynamics in the atmosphere of an industrial city (gdansk region)
    (Publishing House of Lviv Polytechnic National University, 2016) Glushkov, Alexander; Safranov, Timur; Khetselius, Olga; Prepelitsa, Georgy; Bunyakova, Yuliya; Bykowszczenko, Nataliya
    In the paper we present the results of an advanced investigation of dynamics of variations of the atmospheric pollutants (sulphur dioxide) concentrations in the air basins of Polish industrial cities (Gdansk region) by using the improved non-linear prediction and chaos theory methods. Chaotic behavior of the sulphurous anhydride concentration time series at two sites in the city of Gdansk has been computed. As usually, to reconstruct the corresponding chaotic attractor, it is necessary to determine time delay and embedding dimension. The former is determined by the methods of autocorrelation function and average mutual information, and the latter is calculated by means of the correlation dimension method and algorithm of false nearest neighbours. Further, the Lyapunov exponents’ spectrum, the Kaplan-Yorke dimension and the Kolmogorov entropy and other invariants are calculated. An existence of a low-D chaos in the cited system is confirmed and using polynominal algorithm with neural networks block allows making an improved short-term forecast of the atmospheric pollutant fluctuations dynamics.
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    Advanced technologies for processing liquid waste of galurgical productions
    (Видавництво Львівської політехніки, 2021-03-03) Mykhaylenko, Volodymyr; Yurchenko, Valentyna; Antonov, Oleksiy; Lukianova, Olha; Gil, Zinaida; A. Podgorny Institute for Mechanical Engineering Problems NAS of Ukraine; Kharkiv National Universityof Civil Engineering and Architecture
    The accumulation of highly mineralized waters and brines in the mining-industrial regions of Ukraine carry a threat of salt pollution of underground and surface water sources. Low-waste processing of these waters is prevented by iron compounds, hydrogen sulfide and sulfur-containing organic compounds. The process of accumulation of iron compounds in brines and groundwater in the presence of hydrogen sulfide has been studied. Comparative calculations of the thermodynamic potentials of the corresponding reactions have been carried out. The calculation results are confirmed by experiments on model solutions and brine of the Dombrovsky quarry. To remove iron compounds from brines and other highly mineralized waters, it is proposed to use electrolysis with inert anodes. It was found that 99.9 % of iron compounds pass into the precipitate of iron hydroxide (III). At the same time, the overwhelming amount of heavy metals also passes into the sediment.
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    Aerated concrete with the use of ferruginous quartzite processing waste
    (Видавництво Львівської політехніки, 2020-10-10) Malovanyy, Myroslav; Ilyash, Oksana; Povzun, Oleksiy; Kalynychenko, Valeriy; Bylym, Ludmyla; Kasich, Vitaliy; Lviv Polytechnic National University; Yuri Kondratyuk National Polytechnic University of Poltava; Donetsk National Technical University
    Waste (tailings) of mining and processing plants of Kryvbas were studied by the stages of their magnetic enrichment. The granulometric compositions of the tailings, the amount of iron (total and magnetic) and the mass fraction of solid in them are determined. The expediency of disposing of ferruginous quartzite waste at the first stage of enrichment as a silica component in cellular concretes is proved. Optimal compositions of aerated concrete mixtures are determined based on the following criteria: the average density of cellular concrete in the dry state and its compressive strength.
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    An energy saving during the filtration drying of dispersible materials. Choice of optimal parameters of the process
    (Lviv Politechnic Publishing House, 2017-09-08) Atamaniuk, Volodymyr; Kindzera, Diana; Huzova, Iryna; Liuta, Oksana; Lviv Polytechnic National University
    The results of experimental studies of the kinetics of filtration drying of disperse materials of different structural structure and dispersible composition are presented in the paper, as well as the dynamics of saturation of the waste heat agent with moisture during the filtration drying of materials at different height of layer of the last ones. On the basis of the generalization of research results, optimal parameters for the implementation of filtration drying were determined, and the economic effect from the introduction of filtration drying into production, per 1000 kg of dry material, was calculated.
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    An initial data-limited modeling of the environmental consequences: case-study of the vasylkiv fuel reservoir fire
    (Видавництво Львівської політехніки, 2023-02-28) Radomska, Margaryta; Stevens, Rodney; Semkiv, Marta; Yatsenko, Yuliia; Lysovenko, Serhii; National Aviation University; University of Gothenburg; Institute of Cell Biology, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine; Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv; Institute of Superhard Materials, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine
    The paper presents the application of the Multi-Criteria Evaluation of environmental damage under the conditions of limited available data. War actions often cause damage to industrial facilities, which in turn impacts the environment. At the same time, access to such sites and information about the development of specific events may be limited or fragmented. To support the decision-making process in such situations, the Multi-Criteria Evaluation offers structured and transparent utilization of the known quantitative and qualitative information. The Vasylkiv fuel depot fire in Kryachki village during the early days of the war was analyzed in terms of potential damage to soil, which is often omitted in the assessments of the environmental impacts of fire. The case-study analysis included a definition of the “fire-environment” system components and the factors affecting the final level of damage, the weighting of these factors and formulation of the trends describing the intensity of soil pollution as a product of particular factor values. The set dependencies were then used to model scenarios with variable meteorological conditions and varied infrastructural conditions of the reservoir park. The modelling results imply the need to account for meteorological parameters in the evaluation of environmental damage and the development of post-accident mitigation plans. The Multi-Criteria Evaluation is also recommended for preparing for potential accidents since it can compensate for the lack of data through theoretical knowledge and practical experience if a multidisciplinary team is involved.
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    An investigation of the climate change impacts on the water resources in Iran
    (Видавництво Львівської політехніки, 2020-02-24) Norouzi, Nima; Amirkabir university of technology
    Climate change may be defined as a change in the timing of weather conditions over a period of time. In this paper, relying on IPCC scenarios to investigate the effects of climate change on water resources.
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    Analysis and forecast of the environmental radioactivity dynamics based on the methods of chaos theory: general conceptions
    (Publishing House of Lviv Polytechnic National University, 2016) Glushkov, Alexander; Safranov, Timur; Khetselius, Olga; Ignatenko, Anna; Buyadzhi, Vasily; Svinarenko, Andrey
    For the first time, we present a completely new technique of analysis, processing and forecasting of any time series of the environmental radioactivity dynamics, which schematically is as follows: a) general qualitative analysis of a dynamical problem, typical environmental radioactivity dynamics (including a qualitative analysis from the viewpoint of ordinary differential equations, the “Arnold-analysis”); b) checking for the presence of chaotic (stochastic) features and regimes (the Gottwald-Melbourne’s test; the correlation dimension method); c) reducing the phase space (the choice of time delay, the definition of the embedding space by the correlation dimension methods and false nearest neighbours algorithms); d) determination of the dynamic invariants of a chaotic system (computation of the global Lyapunov dimension la; determination of the Kaplan-Yorke dimension dL and average limits of predictability Prmax on the basis of the advanced algorithms; e) a nonlinear prediction (forecasting) of any dynamical system evolution. The last block really includes new (in the theory of environmental radioactivity dynamics and environmental protection) methods and algorithms of nonlinear prediction such as methods of predicted trajectories, stochastic propagators and neural networks modeling, renormanalysis with blocks of polynomial approximations, wavelet-expansions etc.
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    Analysis of ecological safety of emissions from production of carbon products
    (Lviv Politechnic Publishing House, 2019-02-26) Belokon’, Karina; Belokon’, Yuriy; Klymenko, Larysa; Zaporizhzhia National University
    The risk to the health of the population from carbon oxide and hydrocarbon waste influence of carbon producing enterprises is estimated in this work. After analyzing the ecological safety of emissions of the carbon producing enterprises it was determined that their activity belongs to the average level of risk and ability to get respiratory organs diseases, sight, cardiovascular and central nervous system diseases for old people, pregnant women and children.
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    Analysis of phosphorus speciation in primary sludge in the annual cycle
    (Lviv Politechnic Publishing House, 2017-03-21) Bezak-Mazur, Elżbieta; Stoińska, Renata; Szeląg, Bartosz; Kielce University of Technology
    The objective of the research was to investigate phosphorus speciation in sewage sludge in order to determine the amount of the element that can be assimilated by plants after the application of sludge for nature-related purposes. Since the possibility of using sludge for such purposes is of considerable importance, this paper analyses the content of different phosphorus speciation forms (including the bioavailable ones) in primary sludge. The studies’ results indicate that the maximum share of mobile forms (Ca-EDTA+Na- EDTA) in primary sludge in the annual cycle amounts to merely 46 %. This confirms the observation that in the examined period the hardly-available, organic phosphorus forms are dominant (fractions H2SO4 and NaOH). Therefore, after the application of primary sludge for nature-related purposes, only a small portion of phosphorus included therein is assimilated by plants.
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    Analysis of poultry manure utilisation methods to produce organic fertiliser
    (Lviv Politechnic Publishing House, 2018-02-26) Malovanyy, Myroslav; Odnorih, Zoryana; Kanda, Mariya; Lviv Polytechnic National University
    This article provides an overview of the poultry manure utilisation issues. It gives a comparative analysis of the methods of composting and vermiculation, production of organic-mineral fertilisers, granulation and thermal drying of the output raw product. Integrated combination of granulation and thermal drying is considered to be the most efficient in the poultry manure processing technology.
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    Analysis of radiological indicators in the process of environmental certification of the Chornobyl exclusion zone territory
    (Lviv Politechnic Publishing House, 2018-10-26) Azarov, Ivan; Zaduna, Oleksiy; National Aviation University; State Research Institute of Special Telecommunication and Information Protection
    The problematic issue of environmental certification of radiation hazardous objects that needs to be solved for substantial improvement of the situation in the field of environmental protection, preservation and restoration of natural systems and ecosystems is worked out. The purpose of the development of the environmental passport of the Chornobyl Exclusion Zone (CEZ) territory is defined. The requirements and recommendations for the structure and content of the environmental passport of the CEZ are provided.
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    Analysis of studies on the morphological composition of domestic waste in Ukraine
    (Видавництво Львівської політехніки, 2023-02-28) Illiash, Oksana; Holik, Yurii; Allesch, Astrid; Chepurko, Iuliia; Serha, Tetiana; Poltava National Technical Yuri Kondratyuk University; University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences
    The article presents the results of the analysis of the studies conducted on the quantitative and qualitative characteristics of household waste generated in the territories of several regional centers of Ukraine. The data on the component composition of domestic waste typical for Ukrainian cities are generalized. The influence of the quality indicators of individual waste fractions on the further choice of operations and methods of household waste treatment within the framework of the waste management system is analyzed. On the basis of the collected data, the expediency and relevance of the experimental studies conducted in the context of the current war in Ukraine, global environmental problems, and the global energy crisis are substantiated.
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    Analysis of surface water quality indicators in the Dnipro-Bug Estuary region in the first months after the destruction of the Kakhovka hydroelectric power station dam
    (Видавництво Львівської політехніки, 2023-02-28) Trokhymenko, Ganna; Magas, Natalia; Shumilova, Oleksandra; Klochko, Volodymyr; Admiral Makarov National University of Shipbuilding; Leibniz Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries (IGB); State Institution "Mykolaiv Regional Centre for Disease Control and Prevention of the Ministry of Health of Ukraine"
    The article presents the results of the analysis of surface water quality indicators changes in water bodies near settlements in the Mykolaiv region in the areas that were flooded after the destruction of the Kakhovka HPP. The analysis of critical water quality monitoring data on sanitary, chemical and microbiological indicators revealed a deterioration in water quality in the Dnipro-Bug Estuary and the Ingul, Ingulets and Southern Bug rivers. Particularly dangerous levels of pollution were observed in the Inhulets River, where a significant increase in water levels and flooding of civilian infrastructure, residential buildings and households were observed in June 2023. The main reason for the high level of water pollution is sewage, pollution from the destruction of cattle cemeteries, and a large amount of washed-up garbage from flooded areas.