Humanitarian Vision. – 2016. – Vol. 2, No. 2

Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://ena.lpnu.ua/handle/ntb/41249

Науковий журнал

Засновник і видавець Національний університет «Львівська політехніка». Виходить двічі на рік з 2015 року.

Humanitarian Vision = Гуманітарні візіїї : [науковий журнал] / Lviv Polytechnic National University ; editor-in-chief Yaryna Turchyn. – Lviv : Lviv Politechnic Publіshing House, 2016. – Volume 2, number 2. – 132 p. – Текст: українською, англійською.

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SWOT-аналіз енергетичної безпеки України
(Lviv Polytechnic Publishing House, 2016) Івасечко, Ольга; Дорош, Леся; Національний університет “Львівська політехніка”
Розглянуто проблему реформування енергетичного сектору України, що викликана глобальними, регіональними та локальними тенденціями у енергетичній сфері та зміною політичних, економічних та безпекових пріоритетів України у контексті російсько-українського конфлікту. На основі аналізу “Нової енергетичної стратегії України до 2020 року: безпека, енергоефективність, конкуренція” (НЕС 2020) за допомогою методики SWOT-аналізу виокремлено переваги та недоліки енергетичної безпеки України, а також зовнішні та внутрішні загрози таможливості у цій сфері. The article considers the problemof reforming of the Ukrainian energy sector, which is caused by global trends in the energy sector and by changes of Ukrainian political, economic and security priorities in the context of the Russia-Ukraine conflict. Taking into consideration efforts of the international community in combating climate change, the research analyses Ukraine’s international obligations in the context of signing the Paris Agreement 2015 on greenhouse gases emissionsmitigation. It is emphasized that this fact, in its turn, constrains our state authorities in revising the state policy in the energy sector, taking into account the necessity to attract significant investments for implementation of the reform. Particular attention is paid to the Ukraine’s EU integration course in the energy sector, especially on harmonization (adaptation) of the Ukraine-European Union Association Agreement in this field. It is asserted that the association with the EU allows Ukraine to find new ways of creation of qualitative energy security. Based on the analysis of the “New Energy Strategy of Ukraine Until 2020: Security, Energy Efficiency, Competition” (NES 2020), the author defines strengths and weaknesses of Ukraine’s energy security, as well as its internal and external threats and opportunities. The article deals with opinions of leading Ukrainian experts on implementation of the new energy strategy. The basic formula of Ukraine’s energy security is determined as following: energy efficiency and energy saving + proper usage of its own resources + diversification of imported energy supply + creation of strategic reserves + integration into the EU energy space. Implementation of these main components will allow creating and maintaining of strong and sustainable state energy security. The article emphasises three possible scenarios of Ukrainian energy sector development until 2020: “Europeanization of Ukraine’s energy market”, “Preservation of the status quo in energy relations”, “Loss of independence in energy policy”.
Американська ідентичність: глобальний вимір
(Lviv Polytechnic Publishing House, 2016) Зазуляк, Зоряна; Національний університет “Львівська політехніка”
Зроблено спробу обґрунтувати міжнародне значення американської ідентичності за допомогою аналізу етнічних, релігійних, політико-правових та економічних параметрів. Визначено, що етнічно сучасну Америку сформульовано на основі асиміляції корінного населення та переселенців з Європи, Азії, Африки тощо. Наголошено на тому, що США притаманна плюралістична релігійна культура. Проаналізовано, що політико-правова складова теоретично будується на індивідуалізмі, конституціоналізмі та повазі до закону. Економічний аспект американської ідентичності зумовлений розвитком виробництва, корпоративною та індивідуальною конкуренцією, а також системою вільного підприємництва. Подано систематизований огляд механізмів впливу цих складових на сучасне американське суспільство і на міжнародну співпрацю загалом. The article attempts to analyze the perception of American identity and its international importance through ethnic, religious, political, legal, and economic components. It is determined that ethnically modern America is formed by assimilation of the indigenous population and immigrants from Europe, Asia, Africa, etc. as they contributed to the formation of many political, social, constitutional and religious institutions of the new country, the definition of American identity and values. Along with existing discrimination against indigenous peoples and racism in many areas of American life, the modern United States successfully integrated all immigrants in contemporary American society. It is emphasized that the United States is inherent in a pluralistic religious culture: it takes its roots from the belief that immigrants and servants brought to America. Religious faith, observations and pluralism of religions have become features of American society and an important aspect of social, economic and political life of the USA. The article analyses a political and legal part of the phenomenon as one which is based on individualism, constitutionalism, and respect for law. This approach seeks to unite people around a great version of the American identity, which is rather abstract. The notion of an “American” includes both the materialistic aspects of reality and idealistic and symbolic definition of the term “nation”. An economic aspect of the American identity is conditioned by development of production, corporate and individual competition, and free enterprise system. Historically, people have fought for economic and social survival and this competitive nature of American life creates significant disparities of wealth, social inequality, and different life opportunities of people. The impact of these components on contemporary American society and international community is researched.
Аналіз ідей добра і зла Августина Блаженного російськими релігійними мислителями наприкінці ХІХ – на початку ХХ ст.
(Lviv Polytechnic Publishing House, 2016) Мазурик, Марія; Національний університет “Львівська політехніка”
Досліджено онтологічний підхід до проблеми добра і зла, її формулювання та специфіки вирішення в російській релігійній філософії наприкінці ХІХ – на початку ХХ ст. на основі зіставлення східної (більш близької за “духом” російським мислителям) і західної (блаженний Августин) гілки патристики. Стаття ґрунтується на використанні методу єдності логічного та історичного, категоріального аналізу та компаративістики, аналогії та наукової об’єктивності. Seeking to study in detail the problem of the good and the evil in the Russian religious philosophy, one can not avoid considering of patristic philosophy. Although the majority of Russian religious philosophy of the end of the 19th – beginning of the 20th century have “affection” attitude to Eastern Christianity, Western patristic attitude to Russian thinkers was not unambiguous. Speaking about the Russian heredity of the Eastern traditions of Christianity, it is worth noting that it takes from the latter commitment to integrity as a proper state of the world and the man. In such combination of being, restoring its integrity, there is a fundamental task of human being, its purpose and meaning. The “borrowings” of Russian religious philosophy of the end of the 19th – beginning of the 20th century include paradigms and theories of the Eastern Christian patristics. The West here (in the guise of Aurelius Augustine), however, should not be forgotten since from it the Russian philosophy of the end of the 19th – beginning of the 20th century has adopted the language and culture of theoretical thinking, its conceptual apparatus. Western European philosophy, which grows on the soil of Western patristics, hardly uses Eastern patristic heritage. This gives reasons to assert that patristic ground in the Russian religious philosophy was much wider than in Western European philosophy. Thus, analysing the position of typically Russian ontologism and its difference with the philosophy of the West, it has been found that if in the Western thought gives indisputable authority to knowledge and consciousness, reason and rationality, in the Russian philosophy, the main role is given to being. However, ontologism of the Russian religious philosophy was not the center of the being itself, and existential dimension of a man who does not oppose it. On contrary, it expresses all relevant parameters of the being. The ontological perspective of human problems of the good and the evil is connected with absence of rootedness in being which constantly encourages a personality to choose a right or wrong way. This imposes an imprint on ontological categories of the good and the evil which represent one of ways of expressing the human being.
Глобальна політика і глобальний розвиток: співвідношення понять
(Lviv Polytechnic Publishing House, 2016) Тишкун, Юрій; Національний університет “Львівська політехніка”
Зазначено, що нечіткість понять “глобальна політика” і “глобальний розвиток” відображає незавершеність глобальних досліджень. Визначено, що обидва процесуальні терміни породжені глобалізацією і відображають динаміку глобальної реальності. Констатовано, що досліджувані явища еволюціонують взаємозалежно і комплексно. Стверджено, що детермінантами функціонування обох явищ є соціальні чинники, а рушіями – глобальні проблеми як “виклики”. Звернено увагу, що боротьба за глобальну владу відволікає ресурси від розвитку людства. Припущено, що глобальні політичні курси упорядковують розвиток людства, а глобальна політія необхідна для підтримки сталого глобального розвитку. The article considers Relationship between the concepts of global politics and global development. These concepts should be payed attention to due to their vogue definitions. Lack of clear statements requires further research of globality. Both terms, being generated by globalization, reflect the global reality. Global politics is emphasized to be a part of a global development. Therefore, both concepts have been reflecting the real-time dynamics of global society over the past 500 years. Those phenomena, having derived from a procedural nature, are constantly evolving under the circumstances of complex integrity, triggered by globalization. Their evolution is embodied in the complexity of their structure (hierarchy). Herewith, global policy is defined as a short-term (up to 30 years) non-linear (cyclic and swinging) phenomenon which reflects the potencial for changes; while global development is a linear process, aimed at long-term (with duration of more than 30 years) research of quantitative and qualitative changes in global society. Both phenomena are exposed to global “challenges” and give “feedbacks” on them. Global policy ambiguously influences global sustainable development. Thus, the struggle for global power significantly harms global development by withdrawing required resources. Implementation of global policies guides human development into the right direction. The formation of the global polity (political system) is required to support global sustainable development in the future, as well as to ensure its administrative and legal frameworks. This, in its turn, depends on the cultural and psychological aspects of global development and contributes to a common political culture, consciousness and psychology of mankind. Driving determinants for either global politics or global development are demographic, economic and, actually, political social factors.
Енергетична дипломатія як важлива складова зовнішньої політики держави: європейський досвід для України
(Lviv Polytechnic Publishing House, 2016) Турчин, Ярина; Національний університет “Львівська політехніка”
Розглянуто поняття “енергетична дипломатія” та особливості її провадження, виокремлено першочергові завдання для розвитку енергетичної дипломатії у зовнішній політиці України. За допомогою історичного, системного та структурно-функціонального методів з’ясовано, що міждержавна співпраця у формі енергетичної дипломатії забезпечує національні інтереси держави через використання широкого спектру класичних і специфічних зовнішньополітичних дій, а також створює додаткові засоби протидії глобальним викликам сьогодення, пов’язаним з енергетичною сферою. The article considers a notion of energy dyplomacy and peculiarities of its conduction, defines primary tasks for development of energy dyplomacy in the foreign policy of Ukraine. With the help of hystorical, systemic, and structural functional metods, it is revealed that interstate collaboration in the form of energy dyplomacy pursues national interest of a state through applying a wide range of classical and specific foreign policy actions, and creates additional means of counteracting global contemporary challenges connected with the energy sector. The author of the research draws a conclusion that energy dyplomacy becomes increasingly more important for solving problems in the energy sector. This dyplomacy has to work towards fulfillment of two groups of objectives – classical and modern ones caused by dynamism of scientific and technical progress in the 21st century. Thus, the first category contains establishing stable supply of energy resources, ensuring diversification of suppliers and energy resources. The second group includes participation of Ukraine in the global energy dialogue (gas and atom); synchronisation of the energy policy of Ukraine and the EU; monitoring the main trends of the energy revolution (for instance, shale gas); commercialisation of national intellectual resources and providing access to international markets of new energy technologies; involving foreign investment into national energy sector; positioning Ukraine as a part of an integral European energy space, etc. Consolidated efforts of specialized state institutions, energy companies, and other interested actors for fulfillment of accurately defined foreign policy priorities of the energy sector will enable achieving several goals. In particular, this will help counteract Russia in the hybrid warefare, become a part of an integral European energy space, promote energy interests of Ukraine in geopolitical dimension and develop an internal energy market. Equally important task here is preparation of qualified professionals in energy dyplomacy through implementation of new interdisciplinary educational programs which would form professional competences from the spheres of dyplomacy and energy policy of the state.
Етапи становлення та засадничі принципи функціонування організації Транстихоокеанського партнерства
(Lviv Polytechnic Publishing House, 2016) Демчишак, Руслан; Національний університет “Львівська політехніка”
Визначено етапи формування та раунди переговорів щодо створення Транстихоокеанського партнерства. Досліджено концептуальну сутність угоди щодо створення та базові принципи функціонування нового інтеграційного об’єднання. З’ясовано місце ТТП у сучасній системі міжнародних відносин. The main goal of this study is to determine the stages of development, conceptual notion of the agreement on establishment of the Trans-Pacific Partnership (TPP), as well as political and economic role and place of a new organization in the modern system of international relations. Systemic-structural, comparative and historical research methods are applied in the course of research. The obtained results have established that the idea of TTP had derived from consultations between individual States within the framework of APEC (the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation) in the 1990s, through the agreement on a closer economic cooperation between four small countries (New Zealand, Singapore, Chile and Brunei) in 2005 to an ambitious project, negotiations on which were up to 5 October 2015 (the agreement on the establishment was signed on 4 February 2016) with the participation of twelve leading countries in the Asia-Pacific region (APR), including Japan and the United States. TTP aims at rationalizing and harmonizing of economic cooperation between the parties, legalizing the agreement on free trade in a more accurate system meant to be founded on common rules. Given the comprehensive coverage of trade fields, openness to accession by third countries, and inclusion in the agreement items of “new generation” (intellectual property rights, telecommunications and environmental standards), the Trans-Pacific Partnership has gained reputation of a “gold standard” agreement. At the same time, TTP can be considered as a proposed by the USA political and economic alternative to the growing influence of China in the Asia Pacific region. Russia – a member of APEC – also does not have any clear position regarding the new organization. Establishment of the largest trading block in the world that excludes China and Russia is an equivalent to drawing of economic dividing lines in the region which largely influences growth of the world economy.
Зміст до "Humanitarian Vision" Volume 2, number 2
(Lviv Polytechnic Publishing House, 2016)
Когерентна концепція істини в сучасному гуманітарно-науковому знанні (До проблеми співвідношення природничо-наукового та гуманітарного знання)
(Lviv Polytechnic Publishing House, 2016) Ратніков, Володимир; Вінницький національний технічний університет
Проблему співвідношення природничо-наукового та гуманітарно-наукового знання обговорено в контексті категорії істини. Розглянуто три основні концепції істини – кореспондентну, прагматистську та когерентну. Прагматистська і когерентна концепції проаналізовані у межах некласичної епістемології як альтернативні щодо кореспондентної концепції. Стверджено пріоритет когерентної концепції під час обговорення проблематики гуманітарного знання. У зв’язку з цим детально обговорено позицію відомого сучасного американського філософа Ричарда Рорті. The problem of the relation of science and humanitarian and scientific knowledge is regarded as one of central problems of modern epistemology and philosophy of science. This article describes three most common approaches (positions) in relation to resolution of the problem. The first one, a traditional position, gives priority to methodology of natural sciences. The second position is based on the neo-Kantian tradition and claims priority to the humanities. The third one, “moderate” position, rejects two first absolute positions. The problem of interrelation of natural scientific and humanitarian scientific knowledge is discussed in the context of the truth category. We consider three basic concepts of truth: correspondent, coherent, and pragmatist. In the article, pragmatist and coherent concepts are analyzed in the framework of non-classical epistemology as an alternative to the correspondent concept. It is stated that a source of the coherent concept is difficulty of establishing compliance with knowledge of reality and criteria of conformity. This created some difficulties for the classical theory. The research criticizes a classical idea of representation, which is the basis of the correspondent concept of truth. The author draws attention to the fact that in discussion of epistemological problems of humanitarian scientific knowledge, the most adequate conception of truth is a coherent concept. In this context, we discussed in detail the position of a well-known contemporary American philosopher Richard Rorty on this issue. It is shown that one of the main cognitive motives is study of social, psychological and cultural patterns of language-related activities in the context of Universalistic thesis of the postmodern that “the world is a text”. The article states that coherence of truth by Rorty arises from the idea of its conceptuality.
Корпоративна етика державного управління
(Lviv Polytechnic Publishing House, 2016) Чабанов, Василь; Кам’янець-Подільський національний університет імені Івана Огієнка
Досліджено сутність корпоративної етики як явища й розглянуто її роль в організації процесів державного управління. Корпоративну етику розглянуто як фактор інноваційних суспільно-політичних перетворень. Увагу закцентовано на потребі розроблення і впровадження кодексів корпоративної етики в інституціях публічного управління. In this article, the phenomenon of corporate ethics is considered. The role of corporate ethics is shown as a basic custom and development of organization control. Corporate ethics is seen as an innovative factor of socio-political transformation. Attention is focused on the need to develop and implement the Code of Conduct in institutions of public administration. In the area of public policy, administration system of corporate ethics obviously forms the basis of a connecting link of state ideology, which should includemoral values and through appealing to which the state proves its dignity to the society. Corporate ethics plays an important role in mobilisation capacity of the state for achieving priority strategic tasks. Implicitly, effectiveness of the government is caused by various factors, one of which is formed by corporate spirit and principles of political ethics management of each individual institution. Corporate ethics is formed on the basis of a system of moral requirements and behavior grounded on the main principles and norms of ethics which are developed by moral consciousness of the society (dignity, duty, etc.) and are reproduced in the behavior of participants in business relations. Under today’s conditions, along with possessing knowledge and experience, a civil servant shall be able to establish business communications with citizens who ask for services, to prevent abuse of power which is possible only if professional and corporate ethics is formed. Obviously, along with the general standards of corporate ethical and moral system of the entire state mechanism, there is a need in specific approaches and mechanisms for its implementation in a particular organization and team. This can be fulfilled through development of codes of ethics, conduction of meetings to report to the community with particular responsibility for one’s activities, permanent training to improve professional culture and ethical responsibility. Gradual implementation model of corporate ethics in public administration institutions will establish proper communication between state officials and representatives of civil society since common objectives of interaction will be created and combined.
Нові підходи до вивчення проблеми популізму (Рецензія на монографію Кіянки І. Б. Популізм в історії та сучасності: ідеологічні течії, рухи та політичні технології / Ірина Киянка. – Львів : Простір, 2016. – 366 c.)
(Lviv Polytechnic Publishing House, 2016) Бучин, Микола; Національний університет “Львівська політехніка”
Розглянуто проблеми популізму в контексті історичного та політичного розвитку систем та їхніх цінностей. Розкрито теоретичне розуміння популістських рухів та ідеологій. Всебічно досліджено питання популізму, починаючи від давніх до сучасних популістських демагогів. Показано історію народницького руху в Сполучених Штатах, популізм як варіант фашизму в Італії та Іспанії, популізм Румунії і його поширення в Центральній, Східній і Західній Європі. Чітко відображено дослідження поточного стану технології популізму як політичної боротьби. Наголошено, що монографічне дослідження є новим і важливим внеском у розвиток вітчизняної та зарубіжної політології. The author considers the problems of populism in the context of historical and political development of systems and their values. The research dwells on theoretical understanding of populist movements and ideologies. Populism issues ranging from ancient to contemporary populist demagogues is comprehensively shown. The history of the populist movement in the United States, populism as a variant of fascism in Italy and Spain, populism in Romania and its distribution in Central, Eastern and Western Europe are analysed. The book clearly reflects researches of the current state of technology populism as a political struggle. It is emphasised that monographic research is a new and important contribution into the development of national and foreign political science.
Перспективи реформування ООН в контексті обрання нового Генерального Секретаря
(Lviv Polytechnic Publishing House, 2016) Червінка, Ірина; Національний університет “Львівська політехніка”
Досліджено перспективи реформування ООН з огляду на основні проблеми Організації на сучасному етапі, враховуючи необхідність розширення Ради Безпеки, відміни права вето, подолання розколу всередині ООН. Вивчено досвід А. Гутерріша в сфері реформаторської діяльності в період перебування на посадах прем’єр-міністра Португалії та Верховного комісара ООН у справах біженців. Розглянуто позицію майбутнього Генерального секретаря щодо конфлікту в Україні. In the article, the prospects for reforming the UN in order to resolve major problems of the Organization are considered. Recent developments in the world politics have shown the lack of effectiveness of the UN and urgent need for changes in order to increase capacity of the UN to respond to new threats and challenges. For example, five permanent members of the Security Council do not reflect adequately the picture of modern multipolar world. Controversial mechanism in the UN today is veto which is used by some states as a tool of manipulation for achieving geopolitical goals. Overall, the UN has become a cumbersome bureaucratic machine numerous bodies of which duplicate functions of each other or even are outdated. In this regard, prospects for the UN to be led by an effective manager and successful reformer might be very timely. The future Secretary-General has shown these features during his work as the Prime Minister of Portugal and the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees. The policy of A. Guterres during his period in office may be assessed as successful. During this period, Portugal experienced significant economic growth, budget deficit was reduced and social spending increased. A. Guterres has shown ability for effective rationalization activity during his tenure as the UN High Commissioner for Refugees. Regarding the conflict in Ukraine, A. Guterres as the UN High Commissioner for Refugees warned of consequences of further growing crisis in the East of Ukraine. As stated by the Permanent Representative of Ukraine to the UN, the new UN Secretary-General will provide Ukraine with more active support than Ban Ki-moon. Taking into account available information on previous activities of A. Guterres, we can expect that at the position of the Secretary-General he will budge the process of reforming the UN, strengthen its effectiveness and fulfill Ukraine’s aspirations to involve the UN leader in resolving the Russia-Ukraine conflict as impartial arbitrator.
Політична невизначеність як складова розвитку українського суспільства
(Lviv Polytechnic Publishing House, 2016) Віннічук, Ольга; Кам’янець-Подільський національний університет імені Івана Огієнка
Проаналізовано сутність невизначеності, яка виступає атрибутом політичного життя суспільства. З’ясовано джерела виникнення невизначеності. Охарактеризовано тенденційність політичної невизначеності в умовах перехідного періоду українського суспільства. Визначено основні чинники, що породжують стан невизначеності українського суспільства. The essence of uncertainty serves as an attribute of political life. It is indicated that today the issue is related to various manifestations of political uncertainty in conditions of relative stability or instability and crisis of transitional societies. The very nature of uncertainty is influenced by various aspects: uncertainty due to the fact that it is impossible to predict values of a factor with accuracy; transformation; unpredictable behavior of participants in a conflict of interests in politics. The most difficult condition for any system of society is a state of uncertainty caused by the combination of two factors: the need to make a decision and lack of relevant information. The article defines sources of uncertainty, incompleteness and lack of information, lack of resources, lack of conscious human activity, etc. The research states that any element and communication channel between the elements can be a source of uncertainty. The paper characterises trends of political uncertainty during the transition period of Ukrainian society. Accumulation in Ukrainian society of negative social experience and economic failures, uncertainty in public system of values and delay of reform process significantly impede social development. The main factors that give rise to the state of uncertainty in Ukrainian society are outlined. In Ukraine, there are two basic conflicting processes: redistribution of spheres of influence between oligarchic groups (including the use of means of war in the East of Ukraine) and the splitting of communities which want to oppose energy transfer as constructive action. It is noted that to reduce the level of political uncertainty due to the impact of economic factors, there still is a need in effective domestic policy as a part of Ukrainian foreign policy and responsible political behavior of the ruling class.
Політичний тероризм: особливості сучасного трактування
(Lviv Polytechnic Publishing House, 2016) Маркітантов, Вадим; Кам’янець-Подільський національний університет імені Івана Огієнка
Проаналізовано політичний тероризм як одну із найбільших загроз для безпеки сучасного світу. Розглянуто особливості трактування політичного тероризму в сучасній науці та вітчизняному законодавстві. The article analyses political terrorism as one of the greatest threats to security of the modern world. This risk is not only reducing but sometimes it even increasing. The terrorist attacks have clearly demonstrated that today even powerful states are unable to ensure safety of the citizens on their own. Terrorism is evolving, becomes globalized, transforms, and obtains transnational features that make it a global problem. The term “terrorism” has no agreed definition in modern science, but usually it is interpreted in a negative sense, often to characterize actions which threaten life. It can be used to characterise actions of a politically motivated group at both the non-governmental and governmental levels. Reasons for the use of terrorism often are represented by sharp contradictions related to social injustice, nationalist, religious, and territorial conflicts, stagnation of society, etc. Today, terrorism has become one of the methods of political struggle used in extreme cases to achieve political objectives in crisis situations of various kinds. The central element of political terror is an act of terrorism. The features of political terrorism interpretation in modern science and national legislation are studied in this research. In modern science, there are three main views on nature of terrorism: socio-political, military, and criminal. In most cases, terrorism serves political purposes. It is a continuation of political struggle using violent, brutal, means ultimately directed against political organizations, political leaders and / or governmental structures. The nonidentical phenomena of terror and terrorism are specified. Terror is mostly considered as state activities, while terrorism – activities of structures oppositional to a state.
Поняття «суспільство знань», його аналіз та оцінка
(Lviv Polytechnic Publishing House, 2016) Петрушенко, Оксана; Львівський медичний інститут
Проаналізовано зміст поняття суспільство знань та останніх публікацій на цю тему, зокрема доповідь ЮНЕСКО “До суспільств знань”. Автор піддає сумніву наукову коректність цього поняття: людина і суспільство не можуть бути редуковані до знання. Проте зазначено, що цей термін може виконати роль проективного поняття та сприяти дослідженню реальних тенденцій розвитку сучасного суспільства. The author analyses meaning of the notion of knowledge society, as in the special investigations, the term is interpreted broadly and ambiguously. The analysis includes main ideas of a well-known management theorist P. Drucker who introduced the term, believing that in modern highly developed societies special knowledge becomes the most important factor of social and economic development. P.Druker’s ideas on knowledge society were developed in the UNESCO report “To the Knowledge Societies” (2005), but in this article, the interpretation of the term is slightly expanded and modified – it is spoken about the need of science and education for the modern knowledge society in all regions of the world on the one hand, and preservation and development of regional indigenous knowledge on the other. Interpretation of the term by educators involves mainly the need for modernisation and changes in the existing educational system. As for the scientific accuracy of the term, there is a number of observations: 1) the idea of knowledge society was already proposed by F. Bacon, but it was also criticised; 2) in modern texts devoted to public knowledge, this notion is interpreted widely, and often not correctly; 3) in the community, in addition to knowledge, an important role is played by religion, morality and art; 4) in human mentality an important role (except knowledge) is played by will, memory, thinking, feelings and emotions, self-consciousness. Thus, the author concludes that knowledge society is a technical term which, to some extent, is a utopia as an ideal type by M. Weber since it allows to highlight some new aspects in society, but it does not describe the real state of a society as a system. Both – man and society are complex systems that cannot be reduced solely to knowledge. Basic research methods are as follows: logical, comparative, textual.
Правовий статус виборчих комісій в Україні
(Lviv Polytechnic Publishing House, 2016) Бучин, Микола; Національний університет “Львівська політехніка”
Розглянуто проблему правового статусу виборчих комісій в Україні. На основі аналізу українського виборчого законодавства показано такі аспекти правового статусу виборчих комісій, як термін їхньої діяльності, обсяг повноважень, правовий статус членів виборчих комісій тощо. The article analyses a problem of the legal status of election commissions in Ukraine as a condition of their independence. It dwells on such elements of the legal status of election commissions, as the right to issue regulations binding for both citizens and authorities; permanent nature of commissions at the national level; lack of opportunity for the authorities which form a commission to recall proposed representatives to electoral bodies and others. The electoral legislation of Ukraine which consolidates the legal status of election commissions is analyzed. Positive character of legal norms which enshrined permanent nature of the Central Election Commission of Ukraine in 1997 is emphasized. Gradual improvement and specification of the national electoral law regarding the scope of election commissions’ powers and legal status of decisions they take is shown. It is proved that the legal status and characteristics of commission members greatly influence the character of commission’s activity, its independence and effectiveness of functioning. Evolution of Ukrainian legal regulation of election commissions members’ status is shown. The problematic aspects of the legal regulation of election commissions’ status in Ukraine is outlined and the ways of improving the legislation in this area are suggested. The latest include: feasibility of establishing educational and age limitation for commission members, especially for their managerial staff; need in vocational training for all commission members and inclusion of competent people whose professional activity is tangent to elections; establishing of appropriate remuneration of election commissions members; need in ensuring safety of election commissions members in the context of the Russia-Ukraine war; need for reduction of tension and conflict among electoral commissions members, etc.
Проблема виправданості позитивних екзистенційних суджень
(Lviv Polytechnic Publishing House, 2016) Петрушенко, Віктор; Національний університет “Львівська політехніка”
Проаналізовано епістемологічні підстави виправданості екзистенційних суджень, тобто суджень, що стверджують реальне існування речей поза нами. Розрізнено різні рівні функціонування відчуттів, проаналізовано роль чуттів та інтелектуальних актів у формуванні знання та забезпеченні відношення свідомості до дійсності. Використано методи логічної аналітики та історико-філософської компаративістики. Відкрито перспективу для подальшої аналітики пізнання та людського відношення до дійсності. The topic of investigation in the given article is a traditional problem of philosophy: it is a problem of evidence about true reality’s existence out of consciousness and, correspondingly, true character of positive existential judgments. The author argues that circumstantial epistemological analysis of knowledge as a form of being’s representation to consciousness allows us to insert new aspects and factors in philosophical intelligence of given problem. These factors are not fixed by most philosophers while they explain different relations between mental constructions and something can be recognised as something transcendental towards them. To prove this position, the author proposes to make difference not only between mechanisms of sensitive and intellectual acts, but also, basically different roles of these mechanisms in creation of knowledge and ability of correspondence between consciousness and reality. The author analyses different contexts of sensuality activity manifestation in its epistemological functions. The basic peculiarities of intellectual acts in their correlations with sense activity and relations between sensuality activity and reality are analysed as well. We have the idea that neither sensuality nor intellectual acts, if taken separately, do not provide a reliable connection between consciousness and reality. They mutually control one another and, finally, only structures of experience provide reliable character relations between consciousness and reality. The methods of logical intelligence and historical and philosophical comparison are used in the research. The article offers prospects for further study of cognition and human relation to the reality.
Проблема ґендерної рівності: нові виклики і небезпека
(Lviv Polytechnic Publishing House, 2016) Липка, Ольга; Львівська національна музична академія імені Миколи Лисенка
Розглянуто розуміння ґендерної рівності крізь призму християнського світогляду; показано викривлення понять “свобода” і “рівність”. Шляхом аналізу деяких наслідків ґендерної політики в Європі висвітлено небезпеки для інституту родини та виховання дітей, а також загрозу нав’язування ґендеризму як єдиного прийнятного світогляду. According to sociological data, the majority of Ukraine’s population has the highest level of confidence in a Church and shares traditional Christian views on the composition of family, education of children, role of a mother and a father in children’s education. Therefore, the paper focuses upon understanding of gender equality through the prism of Christian worldview. All citizens are equal before the law of Ukraine irrespective of their sexual orientation. “Inequality” is manifested, in particular, in the right to register marriage relationship. Since marital love presupposes mutual responsibility, as well as giving birth and bringing up children, while the way of life of LGBT representatives in itself makes birth and regular bringing up of children impossible, statements about discrimination in this sphere are inappropriate. The natural right of a child to grow up in a regular family should be protected. Freedom presupposes the right to choose and responsibility for this choice, while according to the gender theory, freedom means to do what one wants, what brings him/her pleasure with no responsibility for consequences. Standards for Sexuality Education in Europe proclaim it a norm what traditionally have been considered as corruption of children: encouragement of masturbation, sexual games, etc. This threatens psychic health of children, their future ability to adequately accept people of an opposite sex, and to create their own families. This is a threat to the state, since the state owes its existence to the family and not vice versa. Another worrying fact is that there are efforts to implant ideas of gender equality into children’s consciousness even by means of cartoons. Therefore, we can talk about imposing on everyone a certain ideology which is considered to be the only truthful one. Ukraine already had similar experience of the sole ideology in the Soviet Union. When everybody thinks the same, it is easier to exert control. It is important for us today to have our eyes open and our mind lucid in order to adopt positive things from Europe and say a radical “no” to things undermining the fundamentals of not only Christian morality, but also common morality of the mankind.
Симпозіум «Філософія Казимира Твардовського: історія і сучасні інтерпретації» (до 150-річчя з дня народження)
(Lviv Polytechnic Publishing House, 2016) Карівець, Ігор; Національний університет “Львівська політехніка”
7 листопада 2016 у м. Львові організовано незвичайну філософську подію: симпозіум “Філософія Казимира Твардовського: історія і сучасні інтерпретації”, оскільки 2016 рік є роком 150-річчя від дня його народження. Цей Симпозіум організувало Львівське філософське товариство імені Казимира Твардовського за підтримки Інституту філософії Варшавського університету. Багато вчених взяли участь у цьому симпозіумі, переважно з Польщі та України. Серед них Ян Воленські, дуже добре відомий фахівець Львівсько-Варшавської школи, почесний професор Ягеллонського університету в Кракові. Різні аспекти філософії Казимира Твардовського були розглянуті: від логіки і психології до метафізики та метафілософії. On 7 November 2016, Lviv hosted an unusual philosophical event: Symposium “Kazimierz Twardowski’s Philosophy: History and Contemporary Interpretations”. The reason for this was the fact that 2016 is a year of the 150th Anniversary of the philosopher’s birth. This Symposium was organized by Lviv Philosophical Society named after Kazimierz Twardowski and supported by the Institute of Philosophy, the University of Warsaw. A lot of scholars, mainly from Poland and Ukraine, has taken part in this Symposium. Among them was Jan Woleński, a well-known specialist of Lviv-Warsaw School, professor emeritus of the Jagiellonian University in Kraków. Different aspects of Kazimierz Twardowski’s philosophy were considered in presentations. They ranged from logic and psychology to metaphysics and metaphilosophy.
Українські праві радикальні партії після Революції гідності
(Lviv Polytechnic Publishing House, 2016) Танчин, Ігор; Луцишин, Галина; Львівський обласний інститут післядипломної педагогічного освіти; Національний університет “Львівська політехніка”
Досліджено особливості діяльності українських правих радикальних партій після Революції гідності, розглянуто їх основні ідеї, принципи та типології. Основну увагу звернено на аналіз таких партій: Всеукраїнське об’єднання “Свобода”, “Правий сектор”, “Братство”, “Національний Корпус”. Зроблено висновок про те, що внаслідок Революції гідності та російської агресії відбулися суттєві зміни у національному самоусвідомленні великої частини громадян України, війна стала вирішальним фактором, який принципово змінив критерії української ідентичності. Праві радикальні партії, які орієнтуються на етнічний націоналізм, сьогодні не мають великої підтримки в українському суспільстві. The peculiarities of the activities of Ukrainian radical right-wing parties after the Revolution of Dignity are studied, their main ideas, principles and typology are considered. Among right-wing parties, there are moderate nationalists, so-called national democrats, represented by parties like the People’s Movement of Ukraine, the Ukrainian Republican Party, the Congress of Ukrainian Nationalists, etc. and national radicals such as the Ukrainian National Assembly-Ukrainian People’s Self-Defense (UNA-UNSO), the Social-National Party of Ukraine (later “Svoboda” (“Freedom”)) and others. The main attaintion is paid to the analysis of such right-wing parties as the Svoboda, the Right Sector, theBrotherhood, the National Corpus. In general, all the right-wing parties advocate for decisive changes in society and strengthening the Ukrainian state both in foreign and domestic policy. For this reason during the deep crisis which Ukraine is now experiencing, their popularity would have to be increasing. It is stated that right-wing parties in Ukraine are functioning in a fairly small electoral segment. It is bounded by the fact that in every society a number of people inclined to support radical actions is insignificant. The author conducts comparative analysis with activities of right-wing parties in Europe. In particular, the experience of France, where in the parliamentary elections of 2012 the “National Front” won 13.6 % of votes, the Austrian Party of Freedom that received 21.4 % of votes in the parliamentary race in 2013, the Hungarian ultra-national “Jobbik” that received 20.5 % of votes in the elections to the supreme legislative body of the country in 2014, and the nationalist “Greater Romania” that won 19.5 % of the votes in the parliamentary elections at the height of its popularity (in 2000). According to the estimates of analysts of the National Institute for Strategic Studies, the number of people in Ukraine willing to resort to drastic measures does not exceed 8%. It is concluded that the Revolution of Dignity and the Russian aggression have resulted in significant changes in national self-consciousness of a large part of Ukrainian citizens. The war was a decisive factor that fundamentally changed criteria of Ukrainian identity. The right-wing parties focused on ethnic nationalism now have little support in the society.
Феномен фотографії в контексті методології постструктуралізму
(Lviv Polytechnic Publishing House, 2016) Повторева, Світлана; Чурсінова, Оксана; Національний університет “Львівська політехніка”
Розглянуто філософську осмислення важливих аспектів людського буття, пов’язаних з поширенням фотографії в сучасному суспільстві. Особливу увагу звернено на застосування методологічних принципів постструктуралізму, завдяки яким фотографія постає як вияв нової антропологічної реальності, що сформувалася в межах європейської культури. Показано, як у творах з філософії фотографії віддзеркалюється індивідуальний досвід перебування людини в світі. Автори демонструють конструктивні можливості структурної методології, яка дає змогу виявляти ті аспекти буття сучасної людини, які не надаються традиційним засобам філософського аналізу. The article is devoted to philosophical analysis of important aspects of man’s being, connected with spreading of photography in the modern society. In the investigation of this subject, authors examine usage of the Poststructuralist Methodology. The objective of the article is to define the poststructuralist methodological concepts spread in the humanitarian studies. The authors focus on several principles of poststructuralist methodology, especially on the principle of structure, principle of differences, deconstruction, and transgression. Usage of this principle is the reason of forming the conception of photography as a part of new anthropological reality of the European culture. The article investigates works of famous philosophical theory of photography, especially by Rolan Bartbes. The authors demonstrate his position concerning essence, structure of photography, and its influence on the being of a person and changes in society. For example, R. Bartbes examines static and dynamic structural elements of photography in a unity. It creates the image of photography process as relations between people. The authors demonstrate that appearance and spread of photography coincide with the epoch of protests, revolutions, attacks, etc. In this context, photography is represented as a symptom of crisis processes in European communities. The article deduces constructive possibility of the Poststructuralist Methodology in the fields where traditional methods of philosophical analysis are not effective.