Humanitarian Vision. – 2015. – Vol. 1, No. 2

Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://ena.lpnu.ua/handle/ntb/34187

Науковий журнал

Засновник і видавець Національний університет «Львівська політехніка». Виходить двічі на рік з 2015 року.

Humanitarian Vision = Гуманітарні візіїї : [науковий журнал] / Lviv Polytechnic National University ; editor-in-chief Yaryna Turchyn. – Lviv : Lviv Politechnic Publіshing House, 2015. – Volume 1, number 2. – 116 p. – Текст: українською, англійською.

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Theory of judgment in the Lvov School of Philosophy: introduction to research
(Lviv Politechnic Publіshing House, 2015) Ivanyk, Stepan
Current knowledge of philosophical and logical investigations includes numerous gaps regarding the theory of judgment in the Lvov School of Philosophy. The aim of the paper is to show that the task of filling this gap is not without merit and to outline the way how to complete this task. Theoretical and methodological roots of theory of judgement of the Lvov School in philosophy lies in philosophy of Franz Brentano, whose views on logic have been identified as the first ever revolt against Aristotelian logic. This fact increases the theoretical and practical value of attainments in the theory of judgement of the School as one of the most potent centers of Brentano’s philosophy, and justifies the necessity to scrutinize and systematize them. In turn, taking into consideration the fact that for specific interpretations of judgement in the School there were mainly innovative constructions of logic, conducting such a study seems to be crucial not only from the historical point of view (as the reconstruction of an important period of history of Polish philosophy and logic in Lvov) but also can provide plenty of interesting issues and serve as the source of inspiration for contemporary logic and meta-logic research. Therefore the way how to complete the task of the paper is like following: (1) to reconstruct a full range of theoretical propositions in the theory of judgment devised in the Lvov School; (2) to explicate epistemic and ontic foundations of theoretical propositions of the School and (3) to find, analytically develop, and introduce to science so far unknown scientific materials (dissertations, readings and academic lectures, correspondences, etc.). Сучасний стан досліджень наукової спадщини львіської філософської школи має численні прогалини, однією з яких є теорія судження цієї школи. Показано важливість завдання заповнення цієї прогалини і окреслено шлях виконання цього завдання.
АСЕАН та ЄС у порівнянні: геоекономічний та інституційний аспекти
(Lviv Politechnic Publіshing House, 2015) Івасечко, Ольга
Здійснено порівняння показників окремих складових геоекономічного та інституційного потенціалу АСЕАН та Європейського Союзу. Зроблено висновок про те, що підхід, який має за основу тільки темпи економічного зростання держав–членів АСЕАН та їхню частку у світових макроекономічних показниках, має вагомі недоліки: по-перше, не враховує якісних параметрів економічної модернізації в азійських країнах у контексті регіональної інтеграції; по-друге не бере до уваги істотні розбіжності у розвитку економічних параметрів держав–членів АСЕАН щодо інтеграції і глобалізації загалом. The author of the article compares the indexes of separate components of geoeconomic and institutional potential of the ASEAN and the European Union. The role of these integrational unions is determined in regional and global dimensions. Problematic aspects and main differences in functioning of the ASEAN and the EU are defined. On the basis of comparative analysis of macroeconomic indexes of the ASEAN and the EU, considerable achievements of the ASEAN were stated. First of all, this is grounded by the fact of combined potential of ten Association member states which is much higher comparing to capacity of its separate states. Thus, member states of the ASEAN grant substantial preferences to consolidation on the international arena, despite their relatively low social economic level, comparing to the EU. The approach which is based only on the rates of economic development of ASEAN member states and their part in world macroeconomic indexes has many considerable drfawbacks: firstly, it does not take into consideration qualitative parameters of economic modernization in Asian countries in the context of regional integration; secondly, it does not pay attention to the essential differences in development of economic parameters of ASEAN member-states concerning integration and globalization in general. It is emphasized, that the EU and the ASEAN by uniting states different in their culture, language and national traditions, have much in common in their structure and approach to achieving the objectives. The cooperation between them is based on the unity of national states, respect for the national cultures, and openness to the dialogue. None of them is a threat to their neighbors and each of them derives from the fact that economic and political integration is the driving force for the development of democracy and providing of security. A clear example of this is qualitative humanitarian development among the continents and tangible results of their economic cooperation.
Етична спадщина К. Твардовського в її сучасній ретроспекції (до 150-річчя від дня народження)
(Lviv Politechnic Publіshing House, 2015) Скалецький, Михайло
Розглядаються погляди К. Твардовського на природу та походження принципів моралі. Стверджується, що будучи прихильником еволюційної етики, він доводив, що не існує жодних норм моралі. Етичні норми – це продукт еволюційного розвитку, про що свідчить їх відносний та мінливий характер. Тому для перетворення етики у повноцінну завершену науку необхідно встановити універсальні норми моралі, які будуть відігравати роль “законів етики”. In the article, the author analyses views of the founder of the Lviv-Warsaw philosophical school, K. Twardowski, on the nature and origin of the morality and correlation principles of the altruism and egoism in human nature which are set forth in his program work “Ethics in the range with theory of evolution”. The article asserts that, being an adherent of evolution theory, K. Twardowski argued that there were no innate norms of morality. Ethical norms are the product of evolutionary development as to their relative and variable character. Thus, all moral norms have relative and variable character, furthermore, there is a lack of “absolute” in the common for all “ethical dogmas” then this deprives it from the reliable criteria for differentiation of goodness and evil, which threatens “ethical anarchy” through doubting the possibility of any moral judgments and appraisals. Exactly this does not permit considering the ethics as a complete and exact science. As a follower of the positivism’s ideology, K. Twardowski put out a task to set an ethical and reliable scientific basis and to compare it to the exact sciences, such as logic or mathematics, and transform it into completed science. For this, it is necessary to set universal norms of morality which will play the role of “ethical dogmas” simultaneously, when relativity of moral principles absolutely does not mean that there are no common compulsory principles of behavior. It is only showing that we still have not known it and proves that ethics as a scientific doctrine is far from the completion. Therefore, only after the establishment of common compulsory humanity norms which will play a role of “ethical dogmas”, it will represent a complete full science. However, because K. Twardowski was an adherent of the epistemological theory of the absolute by F. Brentano, who argued that the truth, when real, must be irrespective and unconditional, always and everywhere being like that, not able to change and evolve. He could not resolve this task.
Зміст до "Humanitarian Vision" Volume 1, number 2
(Lviv Politechnic Publіshing House, 2015)
Концепція миру та безпеки в Магістеріумі Католицької Церкви
(Lviv Politechnic Publіshing House, 2015) Волинець, Оксана
Використовуючи системний та структурно-функціональний методи на контент-аналіз, досліджено позицію Католицької Церкви щодо глобальної проблеми загрози війни і необхідності гарантування безпеки народам і націям. З’ясовано, що концепція Магістеріуму виходить з позиції гарантування та дотримання прав людини і ґрунтується на принципах моральності політики, дотримання міжнародних угод, солідарності та гуманізму. In modern threats for existing world order, the acute problem of preserving the world peace and security guarantee for all nations and peoples emerges. This particular research examines the concept of peace and security by using a systematic, structural, and functional methods and content analysis which was proposed by the Magisterium of the Catholic Church. Through the analyzing basic documents of the Roman Pontiffs, the author concludes that the conception proposed by them was based on the need to protect and promote human rights. In addition, it is based on the principles of moral policy of solidarity and humanism. The role and importance of the United Nations in promoting peace is explored. The position of the Catholic Church on the need to rethink the contents of the UN regulations and introduce new mechanisms for overcoming international conflicts as well. In this context, the role of the armed forces is analyzed. The forces, according to Roman Pontiffs hierarchs, have to be designed not for war, but to guarantee national security and conduction of peacekeeping missions. This particular work analyzes the phenomenon of terrorism as a new type of war and the associated problem of refugees. This viewpoint is based on the concept of peace and security in the Magisterium of the Catholic Church. It turns out that the Church insists on the need to ensure all refugees’ fundamental rights guaranteed by international humanitarian law. The universal mechanisms to overcome international conflicts are considered. These mechanisms include the creation of an effective world power that would act as a moral authority for the international community and operate towards peace and security. Those universal mechanisms were proposed by the Catholic Church.
Критика розуму як спосіб звільнитися від меж
(Lviv Politechnic Publіshing House, 2015) Карівець, Ігор
Кулінарна дипломатія як різновид публічної дипломатії: нові підходи та концепції
(Lviv Politechnic Publіshing House, 2015) Матлай, Любава
Узагальнено визначення кулінарної дипломатії як інструмента міжкультурного взаєморозуміння між народами, покращення взаємодії та співпраці у міжнародних відносинах. З’ясовано, що кулінарна дипломатія використовується з роз’яснювальною та пропагандистською метою та підвищення позитивного іміджу держави. The article defines the concept of culinary diplomacy as an instrument to create intercultural understanding and improving interactions and cooperation. The paper clarifies the conceptual apparatus of the study. Former U. S. Secretary of State Hillary Clinton said that “food is the oldest form of diplomacy.” The use of culinary diplomacy is one of many tools that a government can employ in its broader strategy. Thus, according to the Executive Director of Levantine Public Diplomacy Paul Rockower, culinary diplomacy is the use of cuisine as a medium to enhance formal diplomacy in official diplomatic functions such as visits by heads-of-state, ambassadors and other dignitaries. At the same time, gastrodiplomacy is a public diplomacy which tries to interconnect culinary culture to foreign publics and influence broader audiences rather than high-level elites. The concept of culinary diplomacy is ancient, but the terminology is new. The beginning of an internationally recognized use of culinary diplomacy took place in 2002-2003 when the government of Thailand launched a program called “Global Thai”. Culinary Diplomacy is widely used in awareness-raising and advocacy purposes to enhance the positive image of the country in the world. The U. S. government established the Diplomatic Culinary Partnership in 2012, when H. Clinton kicked off recruiting 80 food professionals from across the country to cook for foreign diplomats and travel abroad. It is found that nations use food as a part of their efforts to promote their cultures, ideas, identities and values.
Механізми протидії негативним впливам інформаційної пропаганди
(Lviv Politechnic Publіshing House, 2015) Малик, Ірина
Розглядаються проблеми виникнення та впливу пропагандистських технологій як необхідного елемента інформаційних війн. Досліджуються особливості застосування інформаційної зброї та інформаційних впливів на людину. Проведено аналіз популярності українських та російських телеканалів у регіонах України на сучасному етапі. In this article, problems of emergance and influence of propaganda technologies as an important element in information wars are examined. Pecularities of informational weapon application and informational influence on a human were researched. For analysis of television influence, up-to-date ratings of popular Ukrainian and Russian TV channels were analyzed. Findings of Kyiv International Institute of Sociology (KIIS) were used. KIIS carried out “Counteraction to the Russian propaganda in the onflict region” survey that was ordered by Public Society (“TV Critics”). Particular attention in this article is paid to the study of propaganda phenomenon – from roots and origin to its official founders and peculiarities of usage at the modern stage. Analysis of major propaganda technologies is carried out, and an attempt to work out the mechanisms of counteraction to informational influences is made. The article reviews a necessity of development of measures system directed towards the improvement of regulator base and prevention, neutralization of potential and real threats to national security in informational sphere. The Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine, The Security Service of Ukraine, The State Service of Special Connection and Information Protection of Ukraine, The Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Ukraine were involved in realization of developed measures. The Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine enacted a decree on January 14, 2015, according to which the Ministry of Information Policy of Ukraine was formed and relevant regulations were approved. The main tasks of the Ministry are the following: counteracting to information aggression from Russia; development of strategy of the state information policy and conception of information security of Ukraine; coordination of governmental bodies in communication issues and information dissemination.
Міграційна криза в ЄС: проблема безпеки зовнішніх кордонів та загострення міжетнічних
(Lviv Politechnic Publіshing House, 2015) Луцишин, Галина
Розглянуто проблему сучасної міграційної кризи в країнах ЄС, основні загрози безпеці зовнішніх кордонів ЄС та загострення міжетнічних конфліктів. Проаналізовано сучасну міграційну політику країн ЄС, проблеми інтеграції мігрантів у європейські суспільства, заходи, які застосовують окремі європейські держави у боротьбі із нелегальною міграцією, а також наголошено на необхідності вдосконалення сучасної міграційної політики країн ЄС, розробки нових умов та принципів адаптації мігрантів. This article covers the problem of the current migration crisis in the EU countries. Special focus is placed on analyzing problems with the security of EU external borders and aggravating inter-ethnic conflicts. The author notes that the migration wave brings along the problem of the integration of migrants in European societies, revives the ethnocentric rhetoric of many European politicians. Further, the theory of multiculturalism is criticized, anti-Islamic sentiment is intensifying, ultra-right and nationalist parties are developing in European countries. Issues such as the protection of EU external borders, a fair allocation of refugees who are already in the European territory among EU countries are especially topical for the EU because today Hungary and Croatia can no longer manage the great numbers of refugees who have crossed their borders. Steps taken by individual European countries against illegal migration, including the decision of the Hungarian government to engage the military in holding back migrants, fail to solve the problem. Liability introduced for refugees crossing the border illegally has low effectiveness. The current situation commands an overhaul of the existing migration policy of EU countries, the development of new conditions and principles of the adaptation of immigrants. Of course, critical elements of the institutionalization of migrants include their national and network organizations. Their Diaspora has a special influence on the integration of migrants in host societies. The objective of the integration of immigrants, which is of top priority for Europeans, is unlikely to involve meaningful concessions for them. Continued tough focus on immigration policy in terms of both individual states. and the overall European Union will only strengthen the antagonism between migrants and native Europeans.
Особливості євроінтеграційного процесу у Польщі: внутрішньополітичний та зовнішньополітичний виміри
(Lviv Politechnic Publіshing House, 2015) Демчишак, Руслан
З’ясовано специфіку, основні етапи та динаміку процесу євроінтеграції у Польщі, досліджено суспільні перетворення всередині країни, а також участь Польщі у міжнародних організаціях різного рівня, як фактор прискорення євроінтеграції. This work describes specific features, basic stages, and dynamics of the eurointegration process of Poland. The objective of this research is to clarify peculiarities of the process of European integration of Poland, in particular, the analysis of the internal policy (which is converting of different spheres of public life aimed at compliance with the European standards) as well as foreign policy (diplomatic negotiations with the EU structures and participating in international organizations as a factor of European integration acceleration) constituents. The systemic and structural, comparative, and historical methods of research were used. It is determined that the way of European integration of Poland lasted about fifteen years. During this time, the state carried out the reforms practically in each sphere of public life in order to follow the Copenhagen criteria. As for the major events of this process, it is possible to include: the signing of the European Association Agreement in 1991 which launched the systematic dialogue between Poland and the EU and assisted social transformations in the country; the summit in Copenhagen in 1993 proclaimed that the states who signed the Agreement can become full-fledged members of the European Union meeting certain criteria; an official request for membership in the EU in 1994; launching of official negotiations between the parties in 1998; entering of the Republic of Poland the European Union in 2004. During the years of the integration Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth concentrated the efforts both on changes in the domestic policy of country (economic, judicial, institutional and other reforms) and on a collaboration of the regional same as the collaboration of international levels (participating in the Vyshegrad association, entering NATO, collaboration within the Weimar triangle etc). For Ukraine, the experience of joining the EU by our western neighbor, Poland, is extraordinarily topical, as the analysis of positive and negative moments of this process can accelerate affiliation with the Euroatlantic structures.
Парадигма сучасної філософської антропології: провідні тенденції змін
(Lviv Politechnic Publіshing House, 2015) Петрушенко, Віктор
Аргументується думка про необхідність внесення змін у парадигму філософської антропології, що була започаткована на початку ХХ ст. Відзначаються зрушення і тенденції у сучасному становищі та розумінні людини: увага до природного начала людини, зростаючий вплив на людину соціальних чинників, відмова від прагнення до духовності, тенденції, що позначаються терміном “постлюдина”. The article argues that it is necessary to make a revision of the philosophical anthropology traditional paradigm which was developed by M. Sheler and his followers in the early twentieth century. The main components of this paradigm are as following: examination of a human being in the dimension of cosmic space, comparison of a Man and other types of being, a comprehensive analysis of his manifestations and characteristics, striving to find the main feature that defines human essence, the presence of the exalted relation to a person. Basing on a number of new modern sciences about man, as well as on publications in the field of philosophical anthropology, a number of new manifestations of a Man and approaches to their understanding are investigated. The author considers the shortcomings of traditional research in the field of philosophical anthropology since these new lines of research are almost never mentioned and are not used. The article discusses in detail the following new approaches to the notion of a Man: (1) the rehabilitation of the natural principles of human; here we are talking about the situation that now a series of human qualities and manifestations are recognized as inborn basic anthropic characteristics of a Man; (2) increasing ascendancy of social institutions and technologies over the human, active manipulation of the Self and transforming it into an agent of social processes; (3) rejection from spiritual aspirations and preference of utilitarian orientation of a Man; (4) tendencies that are referred to the notion “posthuman” and which assume a gradual erosion of both natural and social qualities of the human. These new manifestations of a Man are opposed to their classic characteristics and are considered in the article in their both peculiarities and interaction. In the article, the author uses methods of comparison and hermeneutic analysis.
РБ ООН у сучасних умовах: до проблеми пошуку варіантів реформування
(Lviv Politechnic Publіshing House, 2015) Дорош, Леся; Охремчук, Станіслав
Розглянута діяльність Ради Безпеки Організації Об’єднаних Націй як гаранта міжнародного миру та безпеки, що має широкі повноваження щодо впливу на держав-порушниць міжнародного права. Зіставлено пропозиції щодо реформування РБ ООН, які охоплюють три ключові проблеми: зміна складу, використання права вето та зміна непрозорих методів роботи Ради. Доведено, що від сьогоднішніх ініціатив щодо реформування РБ ООН залежить подальше ефективне існування Організації Об’єднаних Націй та майбутнє усієї міжнародної системи безпеки. The authors review activities of the United Nations Security Council as a guarantor of international peace and security with broad powers to influence infringers of the international law (the right to apply sanctions and use military force against violators of peace and security at one’s own discretion). The article states that at the end of the 20th – beginning of the 21st century, the UN Security Council was powerless to perform its functions and duties to safeguard international peace and security, as well as to resolve a number of large-scale armed conflicts. Therefore, the need to find mechanisms of the UN Security Council reform in order to enhance its effectiveness is proven. The work analyzes options of the UN Security Council reform which member-states of the United Nations started to apply actively in the early 1990s. The proposals of the member states that encompass three key issues (change of the composition of the UN Security Council, reform of the veto right and change of non-transparent working methods of the Security Council) are compared. On the basis of the analysis of the Security Council decision-making mechanism, it is stated that increase in the effectiveness of the UN Security Council can be achieved only by means of the veto right reform. It was found that the main obstacle in the reform of veto is the need to persuade five permanent members to limit themselves in the use of the instrument which allows them to influence the entire international system. Therefore, it is unlikely that these states will give their consent to such a reform. The article proves that further existence of the United Nations and the future of the international security system depend on current initiatives for reformation of the UN Security Council as a key body in the field of peace and security. In this context, further study of opportunities and options for reformation of the UN Security Council taking into account the position of Ukraine, which became a victim of the aggressor, a permanent member of this structure, is considered to be promising, including detailed research of proposals for reforming the UN Security Council submitted by official representatives of Ukraine, as well as analysts and publicists.
Результати голосування щодо “української” резолюції в ГА ООН як індикатор особливостей сучасного балансу сил у світовій політиці
(Lviv Polytechnic National University, 2015) Турчин, Ярина
Розглянуто вплив українсько-російського конфлікту на сучасний стан світового порядку. Продемонстровано особливості розв’язання “української кризи” на рівні багатосторонньої дипломатії, передусім Генеральної Асамблеї ООН. За допомогою методу зіставлення досягнуто основної мети дослідження – виявлено особливості сучасного процесу трансформації світового балансу сил. Зроблено висновок про те, що приймаючи рішення щодо голосування “української” резолюції ГА ООН, кожна країна здебільшого керувалася власною ідеологією чи інтересами урядів, а не реальною ситуацією в Україні чи проблемами глобального значення. The impact of the Ukrainian and Russian conflict on the modern state of world order and the efficiency of global security system was dwelled upon. The peculiarities of solving this conflict on the level of multilateral diplomacy, namely at UNGA, which corresponds to international practice, were demonstrated. The benchmark method was applied to achieve the main objective of the research: to reveal characteristics of modern transformation of power balance and to define the role of Ukraine. It was concluded that, when taking the decision on “Ukrainian” resolution, each country was guided by its own ideology or its government’s interests, not by the current situation in Ukraine or problems of global importance. The Ukrainian and Russian conflict provoked the beginning of revising the state of world order and bipolar global power balance with the union of the USA and the EU on one side and authoritarian Russia on the other side. Meanwhile, Japan took the waiting position, hoping for the maximum benefit from opposition between Russia, the USA and the EU. In.0 such multiparty dialogue between key players, the USA, the EU, Russia and Japan, it is important for Ukraine not to become a pawn in the game of fulfilling other’s geopolitical ambitions, but to strengthen its status as an independent and. influential subject of international relations with strong internal and foreign policy. The urgent need in revision of Ukrainian foreign policy on the whole is pointed out. Firstly, it is necessary to promote cooperation with counties of Africa, Asia and South America, which for many years had been underestimated by Ukrainian authorities. Secondly, it is worth taking into account that Russia currently is trying to enforce its influence on post-Soviet countries where there are critical problems with developing a consolidated democracy, as well as stability of political and economic systems. Due solving of Ukrainian conflict will also restore the capacity of the international law and reinforce the role of the UNO in a system of international relations in the globalized 21st century.
Рівні та типи дискурсу глобальної політики
(Lviv Politechnic Publіshing House, 2015) Тишкун, Юрій
Аналізується дискурс глобальної політики як її “тексту”, його змісту і особливостей, складових. В основу праці покладено адаптацію ідей про дискурс Р. Барта, М. Фуко, Т. ван Дейка до глобальної політики. Стверджується, що дискурс як “мова” глобальної політики опосередковує і формує уявлення про це явище – як наукові, так і повсякденні, містить усю наявну інформацію про нього. Цей дискурс формується структурою “мови” глобальної політики і її соціальним контекстом, а також когнітивними схемами індивідів, які сприймають інформацію, їх “суперструктурами”. The article analyzes the discourse of global politics as “text” and “language” of its content and features along with its components. The work is based on the ideas of R. Barthes, M. Foucault and T. Van Dijk on the discourse concerning global politics. Discourse as “language” of global politics is considered to create certain apprehension about the0 phenomenon in both aspects: scientific and casual. Moreover, it contains all the necessary information. This discourse is shaped through the structure of global politics “language”, its social context and cognitive schemas of individuals who perceive information about global politics, their “superstructures” in other words. S. Huntington marks that languages of former imperialistic powers (e. g., English, Chinese, French, Spanish, Arabic, Russian ones) are the most significant for formation of the “global” discourse of “World Politics”.. The discourse of global politics is based on separate texts which exist as autonomous objects. The philosophers, historians, culturologists, political scientists and representatives of other social and humanitarian sciences describe those and other texts about “Global Politics” as the product of certain subjects (individuals) created under special social conditions and in a certain cultural and historical situation. In the broad sense, the discourse of global politics appears to be implemented in stereotypical vision of global public opinion and its sources such as global media and communication. This discourse, in the narrow sense, is the reflection of global politics in the context of scientific and philosophical discourses about it. The discourses are aimed at investigation through social and humanitarian methods, philosophy, as well as realizing, exploring, and understanding of its essence. According to the terminology by R. Barthes, there are such kinds of elements of the global politics discourse as its reflexive consecutive interpretation of “meta” global policy which, in its turn, can be defined as an artificial symbolic description of an object: 1) scientific, 2) philosophical, 3) ideological (mythological) discourses. All those types of the “metalanguage” discourse are similar and interconnected, but not identical. Each of those types of discourse is built according to its “genre” by usual standard procedure, “superstructure” (according to the terminology of T. Van Dijk).
Сучасне бачення проблем взаємодії цивілізацій
(Lviv Politechnic Publіshing House, 2015) Хімяк, Оксана
Розглядаються проблеми цивілізаційної взаємодії та питання їх вирішення у філософській та політологічній думці А. Дж. Тойнбі та посттойбіанській науці. Досліджуються можливості та наслідки зіткнення цивілізацій на прикладі східноукраїнського конфлікту. Globalization challenges of the contemporary world highlight the problem of interaction between civilizations. The search for ways of relations between countries that would not threaten the identities of local civilizations and the preservation of their values is ongoing. In the twentieth century, there is a real danger that the main form of interaction between civilizations will be a conflict. Unfortunately, it is the least productive form of civilizational communication Significant inter-civilization conflict is a threat to Ukrainian society in the light of the tragic events of the Revolution of Dignity, the current political, economic crisis and war. For over 400 years there was a right-bank Ukraine as part of European states, while residents of the Left-Bank Ukraine were ruled by Moscow. Unity of the Ukrainian nation was implemented neither in Soviet times, nor in the period of independence. Civilized choice has not been made. Therefore, in the eastern conflict there is an element of civil conflict Thus, one of the forms of interaction between civilizations is a conflict between them which is an integral factor in world’s existence. An example is the Eastern civilization confrontation betweenWestern and Eastern Orthodox civilizations that became possible because of the lack of internal unity of the Ukrainian people.
Територіальний підхід до врегулювання етнополітичних сепаратистських конфліктів
(Lviv Politechnic Publіshing House, 2015) Червінка, Ірина
Досліджено територіальний підхід до врегулювання етнополітичних сепаратистських конфліктів, різні види територіальних механізмів. Розглянуто застосування принципу визнання етнічних відмінностей. Вивчено погляди дослідників щодо можливих негативних та позитивних наслідків застосування територіального підходу. Територіальні механізми проаналізовано відповідно до критеріїв ефективності. Ethno-political separatist conflict is a feature of modern international relations and a potential threat to global security. The number of such conflicts is growing and the danger of their aggravation remains an urgent problem, thus, studing the possibilities of solving them is an important task. The concept of ethno-political separatist conflict integrates two terms of the Western science: “self-determination, conflict” and “separatist conflict”. Such conflicts arise from the desire for self-determination, including political, cultural, national self-determination, partial (autonomy) or full secession. It is also argued that the conflict in Ukraine is not a separatist but pseudo-separatist one. Territorial approach to the settlement of ethno-political separatist conflicts can be the most effective because it is difficult to resolve such conflicts using other mechanisms: they deal only with secondary effects while it is important to solve the core problem of the conflict. U. Schneckener’s classification of mechanisms of ethno-political conflicts settlement is considered. The main attention is focused on the mechanisms of recognition of ethnic differences which include territorial solutions. The various types of territorial mechanisms, including external (requirements of independence and unification with another state (by S. Wolff), secession, dissolution (by U. Schneckener)) and internal (autonomy, federation) are studied., The scientists’ views on the ability of territorial approach to solve ethno-political conflicts are considered. The possible negative (H. Hale, P. Roeder, D. Treisman) and positive (T. Gurr, S. Saideman, D. Rothchild, C. Hartzell) consequences of territorial approach application are studied. Territorial mechanisms are also analyzed according to the criteria of efficiency. Territorial approach aims at eliminating causes of ethno-political separatist conflicts that is why it can be effective in their settlement and enable to remove tension between parties. However, today territorial mechanisms are used insufficiently. Typically, one party of the conflict tries to avoid their use or provides insufficient level of self-government for another party. Therefore, it is necessary to involve supranational institutions as objective participants of a conflict in the process of settlement.
Титульний аркуш до "Humanitarian Vision" Volume 1, number 2
(Lviv Politechnic Publіshing House, 2015)
Іван Франко та питання релігійного секуляризму
(Lviv Politechnic Publіshing House, 2015) Карівець, Ігор
Розглядаються погляди І. Франка на релігію та релігійність у контексті релігійного секуляризму. Його думки добре вписуються у відомий вид мислення С. К’єркеґора, Л. Фоєрбаха, які перетлумачили природу, мету релігії, відношення людини до Бога. Показано, що релігійність І. Франка має ознаки “нової релігійності”: відірваність від традиційної релігійності, наголошування на важливості особистісного релігійного досвіду, особистісного відношення до безособленого Бога. This article deals with Ivan Franko’s views on religion and religiosity in the historical context of secularization which is called religious. One of the questions that interested him during his life was the question of the essence of religion and its role in a life of a human being. In the Soviet times, Ivan Franko was represented as the atheist. However, if we analyse the works by Ivan Franko where he writes about religion, we discover that for him, religion is a sphere of moral and feelings, and not dogmas, institutes or ceremonies. The objective of this article is to show that Ivan Franko’s views on religion and religiosity belong to the general process of secularization of the 19th - beginning of the 20th centuries. This secularization had two ways. The first way is a way of enlightened secularization based on the conviction that religion is an out-of-date form of human life which should disappear soon. The second way is the way of religion transforming itself which overcomes the limits of theological and church interpretation. The author of this article claims that Franko’s thoughts belong to the second type of secularization and thus, to the well-known trend of thinking developed by such thinkers as Kierkegaard, Feuerbach who reinterpreted the nature and the goals of religion, the nature of God and its relation to a human being. In the article, the author tries to explain the essence of Franko’s religiosity and show that it is a kind of “new religiosity” which arised only in the end of the 20th c. and includes such features as separateness from traditional religiosity, importance of the personal religious experience, and personal relation to an impersonal God or the Divine.
Інститут демократичних виборів в Україні: особливості та тенденції трансформації
(Lviv Politechnic Publіshing House, 2015) Бучин, Микола
Розглядається проблема дотримання демократичних принципів під час виборів в Україні. Аналізуються особливості та тенденції трансформації Індексу демократичних виборів у нашій державі. The article dwells on the issue of compliance with democratic principles during elections in Ukraine. The author suggests the methodology for calculation of the level of election process democracy based on such an indicator as the Index of Democratic Elections. It is founded on democratic principles of elections, full compliance with which testifies the highest possible level of election process democracy. Each democratic principle includes a certain number of indicators which, in their turn, include constituents. They are assigned a particular sum of maximum possible scores depending on their influence on the level of elections democracy. The Index of Democratic Elections is a relative value calculated as correlation between democracy of a specific election campaign and the ideal model of democratic elections. The Index of Democratic Elections comprises the analysis of both the level of electoral legislation democracy and the study of electoral practice concerning compliance with democratic principles. In the first case, the regulatory acts of Ukraine which have been regulating conduction of elections in our country since 1990 served as sources for the research. In the second case, reports of theOSCE/ODIHR Election ObservationMission were taken as empirical material for the analysis. Upon applying of the suggested methodology in determining the level of elections democracy in independent Ukraine, the following results have been obtained: since the declaration of independence, the Index of Democratic Elections declined, and the pick of this process was the Presidential elections in 2004; short-term increase of this process was observed after the Orange Revolution; when V. Yanukovych took over the power in 2010, the Index of Democratic Elections tended to decrease; after the Revolution of Dignity, significant increase of the level of elections democracy is observed, and this provides a chance for democratization of social order in Ukraine at large.
Інформаційна стратегія органів державної влади України: особливості формування та реалізації у глобальному інформаційному просторі
(Lviv Politechnic Publіshing House, 2015) Ільницька, Уляна
Обґрунтована необхідність формування ефективної інформаційної стратегії органів державної влади в Україні, яка б відповідала європейським і світовим стандартам. Окреслено критерії та принципи ефективної інформаційної стратегії; проаналізовано її нормативно-правове забезпечення; висвітлено механізми реалізації. The article dwells upon the problem of formation and efficient realization of the information strategy of the bodies of state power of Ukraine which would meet European and world standards and facilitate the integration of our country into the global information space. It is emphasized that the formation and realization of effective information strategy of the bodies of state power represent a primary task since it facilitates complete and qualitative ensuring of rights of the public to information; conduction of the public control over the process of political decisions making; fulfillment of democratic principles of transparency, disclosure, responsibility of authoritative bodies functioning which, in its turn, determines the integration of the state into world information and communication processes. The article characterizes international standards of functioning of the bodies of state power in the global information space; analyzes existing mechanisms of realization of the information strategy of Ukrainian power bodies; characterizes the forms of information preparation and its promulgation. It is highlighted that information provision of state power bodies’ activity needs significant improvement, progressive implementation of innovative information technologies and formation of a single systemic information strategy. The research pays significant attention to analysis of the normative and legal regulation of information relations and information activity of the bodies of state power of Ukraine which is fulfilled on the basis of the Constitution, Laws of Ukraine, resolutions and orders of the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine and Verkhovna Rada. The analysis of the normative and legal base has enabled drawing the conclusion that, unfortunately, declared and adopted norms are not implemented in full capacity, mechanisms of their realization are absent because of insufficient funding of the information domain and slow introducing and implementation of innovative information technologies in the activity of the institutions of power.