Environmental Problems
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Item Statistical assessment of the dynamics of changes in the PM10 and PM2.5 level in the air of urbanized areas(Видавництво Львівської політехніки, 2023-02-28) Sabadash, Vira; Lopushansky, Oleksiy; Lysko, Vitaliy; Lviv Polytechnic National UniversityThis article addresses the issue of atmospheric pollution caused by solid particles in urban environments. The presence of PM10 and PM2,5 particles in the air of major cities and industrial areas worldwide has been examined. An evaluation of atmospheric pollution levels with PM10 and PM2,5 particles in Kostopil, considering current air quality standards in Ukraine and the European Union, has been conducted. The authors employed the gravimetric method to measure the levels of suspended dust particles (PM10 and PM2,5) in Kostopil from autumn 2022 to winter 2023. The study revealed an excessive amount of fine dust particles in the city's air, exceeding the maximum permissible values outlined in regulatory laws by 2.1-2.7 times. Furthermore, the monitoring of changes in suspended dust particle levels showed peak values of PM10 = 1.15 mg/m³ in January and PM2,5 = 0.96 mg/m³ in December. The results of the statistical analysis of particle level distribution in Kostopil's urban areas indicated the statistical significance of certain distribution parameters, specifically SW-W and D for PM10 and PM2,5 particle classes.Item Study of the process of adsorption of petroleum products methods of multivariate cluster analysis(Видавництво Львівської політехніки, 2023-02-28) Sabadash, Vira; Konovalov, Oleh; Nowik-Zajaç, Anna; Lviv Polytechnic National University; Jan Dlugosz University in CzestochowaThe article is devoted to studying the process of adsorption of oil products using multivariate cluster analysis methods. The study solves the problem of environmental pollution with petroleum substances and the search for effective cleaning methods. The work aims to study the prospects of using synthetic zeolites to effectively purify industrial wastewater from oil products. The scientific novelty of the study is the study of the potential of synthetic zeolites as adsorbents to ensure an efficient and environmentally friendly process of cleaning industrial wastewater from petroleum products. The adsorption research methodology included selecting and preparing eight types of adsorbents, determining temperature and concentration range, measuring adsorption capacity, data processing and analysis of results. In the experimental study, the photometric method was used, one of the most accurate and widely used methods for measuring the adsorption of petroleum products. The study results indicate some materials potential for the effective adsorption of petroleum products. The study provides grounds for recommendations regarding the optimal conditions for the adsorption process and the selection of materials for further research and development. The application of multivariate cluster analysis in the study of the adsorption process of oil products opens up new opportunities for solving environmental pollution problems and developing effective technologies for cleaning the environment. The outcomes of this study are anticipated to significantly benefit industries dealing with petroleum product separation and pollution control. By offering a more comprehensive understanding of the adsorption process, this research opens avenues for developing tailored adsorption strategies for specific applications.Item Dynamics of carbon dioxide adsorption by carbon nanotubes(Видавництво Львівської політехніки, 2023-02-28) Sabadash, Vira; Gumnitsky, Jaroslaw; Lopushansky, Oleksiy; Matsuska, Oksana; Nowik-Zając, Anna; Lviv Polytechnic National University; Lviv National University of Veterinary Medicine and Biotechnologies named after S. Z. Gzhytskyi; Jan Dlugosz University in CzestochowaThis article is devoted to the study of the carbon dioxide adsorption process. The relevance of using carbon nanotubes for adsorbing carbon dioxide from industrial emissions is that carbon nanotubes have a high surface area and can effectively interact with carbon dioxide molecules. In addition, they have high mechanical strength and chemical resistance, which makes them attractive for industrial use. Carbon nanotubes have the potential to reduce carbon dioxide emissions and reduce the negative impact on the environment. Using carbon nanotubes in the industry can help reduce greenhouse gas emissions and the environmental impact of burning fossil fuels. Purpose. The work aimed to study the prospects of using carbon nanomaterials to purify industrial emissions from carbon dioxide in a fluidized state. The scientific novelty of the topic "Dynamics of carbon dioxide adsorption by carbon nanotubes" is the study of the influence of temperature and gas velocity on the initial curves of CO2 adsorption dynamics in the fluidized state.Item Static regulations of urea (carbamide) adsorption by wet and dried peat(Видавництво Львівської політехніки, 2023-02-28) Matsuska, Oksana; Sukhorska, Olga; Gumnitsky, Jaroslaw; Sabadash, Vira; Lviv Polytechnic National UniversityThe possibility and effectiveness of using a natural sorbent – peat from the Vereshchytsia-Yanivske deposit for treating agricultural wastewater with a high urea content – has been studied. The humidity and moisture content of the upland and lowland types of peat from this peatland were determined. Comparing these indicators made it possible to establish that the lowland peat has a significantly higher humidity and moisture content. The adsorption capacities of wet and dried types of peat for urea were studied and compared. The changes in urea concentration in aqueous solutions of the studied peat samples are presented by the corresponding curves. It was established that the lowland peat (dried samples) has higher sorption properties to urea when absorbed from the water environment than the upland type. In the adsorption of non-dried peat, curves were obtained, which show a gradual decrease in the concentration of urea in the solution, indicating the gradual filling of the active centres of peat with urea molecules. For pre-dried peat, rapid absorption of this pollutant is observed at the initial moments (approximately up to 10 minutes). The calculated maximum absorption capacities of dried peat species for urea show that the maximum absorption capacity of dry lowland peat is significantly higher than that of dry upland peat.Item Statics of adsorption of anionic surfactants(Видавництво Львівської політехніки, 2022-03-01) Sabadash, Vira; Konovalov, Oleh; Nowik-Zając, Anna; Lviv Polytechnic National University; Academy of Jan Dlugosz in CzestochowThe paper presents the results of the study of the statics of adsorption of surface-active substances from model solutions by activated carbon and zeolite. The results of photometric determination of the concentration of anionic surfactants before and after adsorption are presented. The results of adsorption capacity calculations are presented. The experimental results using the program (Langmuir 1.03) were numerically calculated. Sorption isotherms of sodium dodecyl sulfate indicate the mechanism of monomolecular physical adsorption. A good convergence of experimental data and theoretical calculations were established, the coefficient of determination R2>0.9, the value of the Chebyshev criterion 9·10-4... 2·10-4, and the root mean square deviation equal to 0 were established.Item Use of Modified Adsorbents to Remove Pesticides From Wastewater(Видавництво Львівської політехніки, 2022-03-01) Sabadash, Vira; Gumnitsky, Jaroslaw; Nowik-Zając, Anna; Zawierucha, Iwona; Krylova, Galyna; Lviv Polytechnic National University; Academy of Jan Dlugosz in CzestochówThe migration of highly concentrated pesticide solutions in the soil has been experimentally studied. A mathematical model of the diffusion process in the soil environment has been developed. Based on the mathematical model, a system of equations for calculating the duration and intensity of the process depending on environmental parameters was obtained. The dependence of the process velocity on the direction of the diffusion front is determined, and the diffusion coefficients, kinetic coefficients of the diffusion process and the diffusion front velocity were calculated. Environmental aspects of pesticide migration were analysed. The diffusion coefficient of glyphosate in the model soil environment is established. Under the experimental conditions, the diffusion coefficient value was D = 1.755×10-12 m2/s. The study results of the process of migration of the component up the soil profile indicate the mechanism of molecular diffusion of glyphosate in the soil environment. The results of experimental research and the solution of the mathematical model were used to model the migration process in the Comsol Multiphysics environment. Analysis of theoretical and experimental results showed that the developed model could be used to calculate the dynamics of the spread of the pesticide front in the soil with sufficient accuracy.Item Extraneous diffusion kinetics of ammonium ions adsorption in the presence of other ions(Видавництво Львівської політехніки, 2022-06-01) Sabadash, Vira; Gumnitsky, Jaroslaw; Petrus, Roman; Lviv Polytechnic National University; Pzeszów University of TechnologyThe article presents the results of the study of the kinetics of ions adsorption from multi-component mixtures. The isotherms of sorption of ammonium nitrogen in the presence of phosphates indicate a decrease in the exchange capacity of zeolite due to its competition for active absorption centres. This study was carried out with two ions of inorganic nature. In the presence of the third organic component in the solution (protein substance – albumin), the sorption capacity of zeolite decreases even more in comparison with ammonium ions. It was found that in the presence of phosphates, the equilibrium capacity of zeolite towards ammonium decreases by about 30 %; in the three-component system the reduction reaches about 70 %.Item Simulation of ion exchange interaction kinetics in the clinoptylolite – ammonium ion system(Видавництво Львівської політехніки, 2021-06-01) Sabadash, Vira; Gumnitsky, Jaroslaw; Omelyanova, Sofia; Lviv Polytechnic National UniversityThe kinetics of adsorption of ammonium ions under dynamic conditions has been studied. A mathematical model of the process was built. The mass transfer coefficient was calculated depending on the intensity of the change of location. It was established that ion exchange occurs in external and internal diffusion regions. The rate constants of ion exchange for the region of external and internal diffusion were calculated.Item Investigation of the process of fluoride ions adsorption by natural sorbents(Видавництво Львівської політехніки, 2021-03-01) Sabadash, Vira; Liuta, Oksana; Gumnitsky, Jaroslaw; Lviv Polytechnic National UniversityA detailed analysis of literature sources on the content of fluorides in the environment, methods of conditioning and defluoridation of water was held. The mechanism of interaction of fluorides with zeolite in the process of adsorption treatment of wastewaters and domestic waters was clarified. It was first established that in the process of adsorption there is the formation of magnesium fluoride compounds due to the binding of cations extracted from the zeolite by the mechanism of ion exchange. The mechanism of chemisorption of fluoride ions by the formation of insoluble CaF2 was also proved. According to the results of experimental research, a technological scheme has been developed, which provides the preliminary treatment of fluoride ions in the form of complexes with aluminium. In order to prevent the permeation of aluminium fluoride into the treated water, a stage of adsorption water purification was proposed. Calculations of the amount of reagent necessary to ensure the required degree of purification of water from fluoride ions were done. The statistical parameters of the process and the significance of the obtained results were calculated. The coefficient of determination of experimental data was 0.87…0.99, the standard deviation was 0.017…0.026.Item Investigation of the process of ammonium ion adsorption by natural and synthetic sorbents by methods of multidimensional cluster analysis(Видавництво Львівської політехніки, 2020-02-10) Sabadash, Vira; Gumnitsky, Yaroslav; Liuta, Oksana; Lviv Polytechnic National UniversityThe results of the research of the adsorption capacity of a number of sorbents of natural and synthetic origin for ammonium ions have been clustered. The natural zeolite of the Sokyrnytsia deposit, a synthetic sorbent based on the fly ash of Dobrotvir state district heat power plant, Al2O3, SiO2, as well as some types of soil: sandy soil, black soil, and clay were used in the research. Equations describing the regularities of adsorption processes depending on the type of sorbent were obtained. According to the obtained dendrograms, two main clusters of sorbents were identified. The statistical parameters of the process and the significance of the obtained results were calculated. The coefficient of determination of the experimental data was 0.67–0.99, the standard deviation was 0.017–0.026.