Environmental Problems
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Item The use of plants for purification of wastewater from pharmaceutical factories(Видавництво Львівської політехніки, 2023-02-28) Kika, Liubov; Sablii, Larysa; Jaromin-Gleń, Katarzyna; National Technical University of Ukraine " Igor Sikorsky Kyiv Polytechnic Institute"; Polish Academy of SciencesBased on literary analysis, the effectiveness of a range of plants (aquatic: Lemna aoukikusa, Lemna minor, Spirodela polyrhiza, Lemna aequinoctialis; vetiver grass Chrysopogon zizanioides) for the purification of wastewater from antibiotics has been investigated. It has been found that the removal efficiency for various types of antibiotics and their concentrations reaches 70 percent or more. This suggests the potential application of these aquatic plants for phytoremediation of wastewater containing antibiotic contaminants.Item Study of the anaerobic process of industrial water purification in combination with sorption methods(Видавництво Львівської політехніки, 2023-02-28) Popovych, Olena; Havryshko, Marianna; Yaremko, Halyna; Makovskiy, Yevhenii; Lviv Polytechnic National UniversityThe issues of rational use of natural resources, ecological safety and environmental protection are extremely urgent and require immediate human influence on the optimization of technological processes, reducing the impact on the ecosystem. The implementation of food industry technology is accompanied by the formation of a significant amount of wastewater, into which about a third of processed raw materials go, and the concentration of polluting components in them is 10...100 times higher than in household water. The choice of wastewater treatment methods depends on their composition, prospects for further use, the economic feasibility of applying the methods, and the payback rate of the equipment. Therefore, the modern direction of the development of scientific research and wastewater treatment technology consists in the development of fundamentally new methods of deep wastewater treatment and the study of the possibility of using sorbents of natural and artificial origin.Item Static regulations of urea (carbamide) adsorption by wet and dried peat(Видавництво Львівської політехніки, 2023-02-28) Matsuska, Oksana; Sukhorska, Olga; Gumnitsky, Jaroslaw; Sabadash, Vira; Lviv Polytechnic National UniversityThe possibility and effectiveness of using a natural sorbent – peat from the Vereshchytsia-Yanivske deposit for treating agricultural wastewater with a high urea content – has been studied. The humidity and moisture content of the upland and lowland types of peat from this peatland were determined. Comparing these indicators made it possible to establish that the lowland peat has a significantly higher humidity and moisture content. The adsorption capacities of wet and dried types of peat for urea were studied and compared. The changes in urea concentration in aqueous solutions of the studied peat samples are presented by the corresponding curves. It was established that the lowland peat (dried samples) has higher sorption properties to urea when absorbed from the water environment than the upland type. In the adsorption of non-dried peat, curves were obtained, which show a gradual decrease in the concentration of urea in the solution, indicating the gradual filling of the active centres of peat with urea molecules. For pre-dried peat, rapid absorption of this pollutant is observed at the initial moments (approximately up to 10 minutes). The calculated maximum absorption capacities of dried peat species for urea show that the maximum absorption capacity of dry lowland peat is significantly higher than that of dry upland peat.Item Statics of adsorption of anionic surfactants(Видавництво Львівської політехніки, 2022-03-01) Sabadash, Vira; Konovalov, Oleh; Nowik-Zając, Anna; Lviv Polytechnic National University; Academy of Jan Dlugosz in CzestochowThe paper presents the results of the study of the statics of adsorption of surface-active substances from model solutions by activated carbon and zeolite. The results of photometric determination of the concentration of anionic surfactants before and after adsorption are presented. The results of adsorption capacity calculations are presented. The experimental results using the program (Langmuir 1.03) were numerically calculated. Sorption isotherms of sodium dodecyl sulfate indicate the mechanism of monomolecular physical adsorption. A good convergence of experimental data and theoretical calculations were established, the coefficient of determination R2>0.9, the value of the Chebyshev criterion 9·10-4... 2·10-4, and the root mean square deviation equal to 0 were established.Item Choice of the efficient flow diagram of biological wastewater treatment at municipal wastewater treatment plants(Видавництво Львівської політехніки, 2021-06-01) Protsenko, Serhii; Kizyeyev, Mykola; Novytska, Olha; National University of Water and Environmental EngineeringThe possibility of increasing the efficiency of municipal wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) operation by changing the flow diagram of biological wastewater treatment in aeration tanks at minimum expenses for their reconstruction is shown in the paper on the example of one of the regional centres of Ukraine. The technology of nitri-denitrification of wastewater according to the flow diagram of the two-stage modified Ludzak-Ettinger process is offered for the considered conditions. The distribution of wastewater flows and internal nitrate recycling between the individual stages of this flow diagram has been optimized in order to minimize the residual content of total nitrogen in the treated effluents. Computer dynamic modelling of biochemical processes has proved the high efficiency and reliability of the flow diagram proposed by the authors.Item Ecological problems of enterprises of alcohol industry(Видавництво Львівської політехніки, 2020-02-10) Havryshko, Marianna; Popovych, Olena; Yaremko, Halyna; Lviv Polytechnic National UniversityThe issue of industrial water treatment and food waste disposal is particularly relevant, especially for the alcohol industry. The problem of wastewater treatment and waste accumulation in the process of alcohol production is due to high chemical and biological oxygen demand, specific colour and odour, a large number of suspended substances, low pH. Therefore, the choice of promising wastewater treatment technologies is of paramount importance to ensure the ecological safety of the environment. The purpose of the paper is 1) to analyze the state of the alcohol industry in Ukraine in recent years, and methods of its waste disposal; 2) to investigate and determine effective methods of waste disposal in the alcohol industry.Item Investigation of the process of ammonium ion adsorption by natural and synthetic sorbents by methods of multidimensional cluster analysis(Видавництво Львівської політехніки, 2020-02-10) Sabadash, Vira; Gumnitsky, Yaroslav; Liuta, Oksana; Lviv Polytechnic National UniversityThe results of the research of the adsorption capacity of a number of sorbents of natural and synthetic origin for ammonium ions have been clustered. The natural zeolite of the Sokyrnytsia deposit, a synthetic sorbent based on the fly ash of Dobrotvir state district heat power plant, Al2O3, SiO2, as well as some types of soil: sandy soil, black soil, and clay were used in the research. Equations describing the regularities of adsorption processes depending on the type of sorbent were obtained. According to the obtained dendrograms, two main clusters of sorbents were identified. The statistical parameters of the process and the significance of the obtained results were calculated. The coefficient of determination of the experimental data was 0.67–0.99, the standard deviation was 0.017–0.026.Item Impact of riverbank anthropogenic pollution sources on the formation of river water quality(Lviv Politechnic Publishing House, 2018-02-01) Magas, Nataliia; Trokhymenko, Hanna; Admiral Makarov National University of ShipbuildingThe method of estimation of the impact of riverbank anthropogenic pollution sources on the formation of river water quality is proposed. A description of the influence of housing and utility providers on water bodies within Mykolaiv region is made. The obtained results can be applied in the development of measures aimed at improvement of the ecological situation in the area under study.Item Concurrent sorption of Copper and Chromium cations by natural zeolite(Publishing House of Lviv Polytechnic National University, 2017) Sabadash, Vira; Gumnytskyy, Jaroslav; Mylianyk, Oksana; Romaniuk, Liliana; Lviv Polytechnic National University; Ecological Agricultural University College of LvivThe aim of this work was to study the process of adsorption of Copper and Chromium cations by natural zeolites in static conditions. The change of the chemical composition of the surface of the zeolite as a result of sorption of heavy metals was investigated. The influence of the type of the ions and pH selectivity in absorption of heavy metals removal by zeolite was analysed. The reasons for the selective extraction of Copper from two-component solution were explained.