Browsing by Author "Михайлишин, Ольга Леонідівна"

Now showing 1 - 7 of 7

Архітектура класицистичних палацово-паркових комплексів Вінниччини кінця XVIII початку ХХ століття
(Вінницький національний технічний університет, 2020) Хороша, Оксана Іванівна; Смоляк, Володимир Вікторович; Вінницький національний технічний університет; Михайлишин, Ольга Леонідівна; Гнесь, Людмила Богданівна
У дисертації проаналізовано вплив стилю класицизму на головні архітектурні вирішення палацово-паркових комплексів на Вінниччині в контексті загальноєвропейського впливу. Визначено історичні передумови та основні чинники формування класицистичних палацово-паркових комплексів. Доповнено загальноприйняті етапи розвитку архітектури класицистичних палацово-паркових комплексів від кінця XVIII до початку ХХ століття. Охарактеризовано функціональне зонування та принципи композиційно-просторової організації території класицистичних палацово-паркових комплексів. Розроблено типологію класицистичних палаців за функціональними, планувальними, композиційними, стильовими характеристиками. Надано рекомендації для їх подальшого збереження, відновлення та функціональної адаптації. In the dissertation generalized existent previous researches of the palace architecture, the features of numerous group of magnate palace complexes of style of classicism are distinguished and analysed on Vinnytsia region of end of XVIII of beginning of XX of century. It was considered the features of becoming of palace and park complexes. Also socio-economic, geographical, town-planning, functional-spatial and regional factors, that influenced on building and location of noble estates were analyzed here. On the basis of iconography, cartographic materials and model inspections, here was conducted, historical, cultural, stylistic , architectural and planning analysis, of the basic periods of the evolution of palaces in the days of domination on the Vinnytsia region the families such as Pototski, Groholski, Chetvertinski, Sobanski, Brhzozovsky and others like that. Here was monitored the influence of European classic stylish tendencies of end XVIII century and beginning of XX century on the specific of forming of architectonically-spatial and composition-structural character of lordly palaces. Functional-planning, architectural and compositional features of classicist palace-park complexes in Vinnytsia region of the late XVIII-beginning of XX centuries were established and a corresponding typology was developed. It was analyzed the periods from early, mature, late classicism to neoclassicism, here was identified the characteristic features of stylistic devices inherent each of these stages of architectural creation palace. Palaces of classicism period marked monumentalness of building, majesty of the warrant systems, perfection of forms, restrained and symmetric volumes, calm colors, the precision of geometrical lines and the simplicity in planning. This, combined with newly surrounding the beautiful parks, english glades and french gardens, harmoniously emphasized perfect image of the unique architectural ensemble of classical style of this epoch. It was identified and discussed the architectural and planning organization of internal space and the use of art and decorative techniques during the construction of the palace complex in the style of classicism on the Vinnytsia region. There were established typology planning schemes of classical architectural object. It was traced that palace monuments, most of which are monuments of national importance, every day they lose their proper form. The main problems of preservation have been identified and recommendations for the further use of the classic palace and park complexes of Vinnitsa region have been developed. В диссертации проанализировано влияние стиля классицизм на главные архитектурные решения дворцово-парковых комплексов в Винницкой области в контексте общеевропейского влияния. Определены исторические предпосылки и основные факторы формирования классицистических дворцово-парковых комплексов. Дополнены общепринятые этапы развития архитектуры классицистических дворцово-парковых комплексов с конца XVIII до начала ХХ века. Охарактеризованы функциональные зоны и принципы композиционно-пространственной организации территории классицистических дворцово-парковых комплексов. Разработана типология классицистических дворцов за функциональными, планировочными, композиционными, стилистическими характеристиками. Предложены рекомендации для их дальнейшего сохранения, восстановления и функциональной адаптации.
Архітектура палацових будівель Якуба Кубицького кін. XVIII – поч. ХІХ ст.
(Національний університет "Львівська політехніка", 2019) Погранична, Ірина Ігорівна; Диба, Юрій Романович; Національний університет «Львівська політехніка»; Михайлишин, Ольга Леонідівна; Прибєга, Леонід Володимирович
Дослідження присвячене творчому доробку Якуба Кубицького кін. XVIII – поч. ХІХ ст. на території сучасної України та Польщі. Встановлено, що на території сучасної України архітектором запроектовано 8 (сьогодні збережено лише три) та на території сучасної Польщі 7 палацово-паркових комплексів. У результаті натурних обстежень зафіксовані картограми втрат та технічний стан збережених об’єктів на території сучасної України. За описами та фотографіями виконано графічну реконструкцію втрачених палаців на території сучасної України. Вивчено основні архітектурні прийоми у плануванні палаців, визначено функціональні, архітектурно-планувальні, об’ємно-просторові та стилістичні характеристики палаців кін. XVIII – поч. XIX ст. авторства Я. Кубицького. Исследование посвящено творчеству Якуба Кубицкого кон. XVIII – нач. XIX в. на территории современной Украины и Польши. Установлено, что на территории современной Украины архитектором запроектировано 8 (сегодня сохранено только три) и на территории современной Польши 7 дворцово-парковых комплексов. В результате натурных обследований зафиксированы картограммы потерь и техническое состояние сохранившихся объектов на территории современной Украины. По описаниям и фотографиям выполнено графическую реконструкцию утраченных дворцов на территории современной Украины. Изучены основные архитектурные приемы в планировании дворцов, определены функциональные, архитектурно-планировочные, объемно-пространственные и стилистические характеристики дворцов кон. XVIII – нач. XIX в. авторства Я. Кубицкого. The research deals with works of Yakub Kubytskyi of the late XVIII- early XIX centuries within the territory of modern Ukraine and Poland. It has been established that within the territory of modern Ukraine the architect designed 8 (nowadays only three of them have been preserved) and within the territory of modern Poland – 7 palaces and park complexes. Due to on-site investigations there were recorded the cartograms of losses and technical condition of preserved objects on the territory of modern Ukraine. According to descriptions and photographs there was carried out the graphical restoration of lost palaces within the territory of modern Ukraine. There have been studied the main architectural methods in palace planning. Functional, architectural and planning, dimensional-spatial and stylistic features of palaces of the late XVIII-early XIX centuries authored by Yakub Kubytskyi were defined. It has been established that the Palladian-style architecture (and specifically its founder Andrea Palladio) had a great influence not only in Europe but also in the whole world. Jakub Kubicki’s pieces of architecture are not an exception. Having analyzed main features of Palladian school, we can say that Yakub Kubytskyi used the following architectural instruments peculiar to that historical period: symmetrical-axial plan in planning buildings, major element of façade – antique portico, in which there were applied flowing massive columns with mostly Doric or Ionic order. The main tools for exterior decorating were order patterns (pilasters, relief frisos). There were often used the ornaments of imperial Rome – swags, bay leaf garlands; window apertures were modestly decorated and accentuated geometrically. A typical window was of rectangular shape with a laconic dripstone on its top. The main building material was calcined brick. They daubed plaster on the walls and painted them pale colors : white, light-blue, pale-yellow. However, except a number of similar composition methods in the architecture of palace and park complexes authored by Yakub Kubytskyi, they did not use the following elements: rotundas, collonades forming a circle or semicircle (proper to architecture of A. Palladio). They did not use wide, semispherical, set on plain dome drum (proper to architecture of A. Palladio) domes in the palaces. Palace plan did not have square or circle shape (proper to architecture of A. Palladio). Risalits never had prominent steeple on their top (rectangular composition of façade did not end in final cornice and roof with four sloping surfaces).
Геральдичний декор в архітектурі Львова кінця XVI – початку XXI ст.
(Національний університет "Львівська політехніка", 2018) Шукатка Мар’яна Степанівна; Диба, Юрій Романович; Національний університет «Львівська політехніка»; Михайлишин, Ольга Леонідівна; Сільник, Олександра Іванівна
Дисертаційна робота присвячена дослідженню геральдичного декору в архітектурі Львова. Геральдичний декор доповнює архітектурний образ будівлі і є важливим елементом композиції. У результаті натурних обстежень проведено інвентаризацію геральдичного декору на фасадах будівель. Досліджено збережені та втрачені зразки геральдичного декору в архітектурі Львова. Визначено основні типи будівель та види гербів, якими вони декорувались. Встановлено способи розміщення геральдичного декору в архітектурі. Проведено класифікацію елементів геральдичного декору та їх поєднання в геральдичні композиції, а також стилістичний аналіз. У роботі сформульовано принципи застосування геральдичного декору в архітектурі та рекомендації для реставрації. Визначено перспективи для подальших досліджень геральдичного декору в архітектурі. Диссертационная работа посвящена исследованию геральдического декора в архитектуре Львова. Геральдический декор дополняет архитектурный образ здания и является важным элементом композиции. В результате натурных обследований проведена инвентаризация геральдического декора на фасадах зданий. Исследованы сохраненые и утраченные образцы геральдического декора в архитектуре Львова. Определены основные типы зданий и виды гербов которыми они декорировались. Установлено восемь способов размещения геральдического декора в архитектуре. Проведена классификация элементов геральдического декора и их сочетания в геральдические композиции, а также стилистический анализ. В работе сформулированы принципы применения геральдического декора в архитектуре и рекомендации для реставрации. Определены перспективы для дальнейших исследований геральдического декора в архитектуре. The thesis is devoted to the study of heraldic decoration in Lviv architecture. Architectural decoration is an integral part of the facade of the building and its composition. Heraldic decor complements the architectural image of the building and is an important part of the composition. This type of decor is an integral part of the visual historical-architectural identification in the public space of the city. It indicates the status of institutions, owners and building founders. The heraldic decoration carries an additional semantic load and serves as a marker on the facade of the building. It reflects the history of the city and the state, its role is more important than the usual architectural decoration. Heraldic decoration was explored only in historical works, heraldry, ornamental art and wasn’t considered as a architectural component. In the work was investigated literature about using of heraldic decor in the architecture of Europe, Ukraine and Lviv. In process of field studies 120 buildings in Lviv with heraldic décor were investigated and was created catalog of inventory cards. Were analyzed retained and lost samples of heraldic decor. Objects with heraldic decoration were divided by function, based on the classification of buildings and structures. This separation allowed to identify the main types of buildings decorated with emblems and establishing a relationship between the type of building and the kind of heraldic decor. Types of heraldic decor are defined as: with state, urban, corporate, church and personal symbols. Were identified eight ways of placing the heraldic decoration in architecture: first way – it tops up pediments, attics, porticoes, tongs; the second way - placed on the wall; the third way - placed above the entrance of the building; the fourth way- decorates the windows; the fifth way – in metal balconies fenced; the sixth way - decorates columns or pilasters; the seventh way - decorates the tower; the eight way- in the facade sculpture. Was investigated structure of the facades proportions decorated with heraldic decor. Heraldic figures are placed on shields of various shapes or arranged in frames and architectural elements. Heraldic compositions are divided into several groups:1) heraldic figure is placed without a shield just on the sparse walls; 2) heraldic figure is placed in the framing; 3) heraldic figure is placed on a round shield or in the wreath; 4) heraldic figure placed on a shield without any décor; 5) heraldic figure is placed on a shield and is topped with a helmet or krown; 6) heraldic figure is placed on the mantle and is topped with a miter; 7) heraldic figure is placed on the shield and ornamented with floral decoration; 8) heraldic figure is placed on the shield ornamented with floral decoration, crown or helmet; 9) heraldic figure is located on a shield held by the supporters; 10) heraldic figure is placed on a shield with a crown which is held by the supporters. Is carried out the stylistic analysis of the heraldic decoration on the building facades. Using of heraldic compositions as an element of the decor of the building depends on the style that dominated one or another period in the architecture of Lviv. The paper formulates six principles of application of heraldic decoration in architecture: typological dependence, compositional unity, accentuation, semantic dependence, unity of form and content, stylistic subordination. The state of conservation of heraldic decoration is investigated and the main causes of destruction of heraldic decoration are determined. Has been developed an algorithm for restoration on the example of three samples restoration of heraldic decoration. The stages of restoration of the heraldic decoration are defined: purification, polychromy study, desalination, biocide treatment, stone strengthening, gluing, addition and reproduction of lost elements, toning, hydrophobization. Are determined prospects for further study of heraldic decor in architecture. Was discovered that heraldic decoration in interior, memorial and sacred architecture, on small architectural forms in Lviv had not been investigated. It is proposed to create a "Lviv Magistrate Museum" where the dismantled heraldic decor will be stored. The study of emblem in the decoration of Ukraine castles is also promising. Heraldic decoration is an integral element of buildings, since its application is followed during all periods of architectural formation of the city.
Принципи формування житлових утворень на постпромислових територіях
(Національний університет "Львівська політехніка", 2018) Ганець, Соломія Владиславівна; Петришин, Галина Петрівна; Національний університет «Львівська політехніка»; Михайлишин, Ольга Леонідівна; Єксарьова, Надія Максимівна
В дисертації визначено теоретичні основи та методики пристосування постпромислових територій до сучасних потреб міста та підходи до формування якісного житлового середовища на даних територіях. Визначено специфіку пристосування постпромислових територій під житлові утворення в контексті збереження духу місця та локальної ідентичності. Виявлено функціонально-просторові прийоми якісної містобудівної організації житлових утворень на постпромислових територіях, що сприяють швидкій їх соціалізації без створення навантаження на сформовану міську структуру. Сформульовано принципи формування житлових утворень на постпромислових територіях. Розроблено методичні рекомендації щодо етапності виконання проектів пристосування постпромислових територій під нові функції, зокрема під житло. В диссертации определены теоретические основы и методики приспособления постпромышленных территорий к современным потребностям города и подходы к формированию качественной жилой среды на данных территориях. Определена специфика приспособления постпромышленных территорий под жилые образования в контексте сохранения духа места и локальной идентичности. Обнаружено функционально-пространственные приемы качественной градостроительной организации жилых образований на постпромышленных территориях, способствуют быстрой их социализации без создания нагрузки на сложившуюся городскую структуру. Сформулированы принципы формирования жилых образований на постпромышленных территориях. Разработаны методические рекомендации по этапности выполнения проектов приспособления постпромышленных территорий под новые функции, в частности под жилье. Dissertation research aims to determine the theoretical foundations and methods of adapting post-industrial sites of the city to it’s actual needs and approaches of creating qualitative living environment in these areas. The thesis defines main approaches of qualitative residential environment formation on these territories. The specifics of brownfields adaptation for residential formations in the context of preserving the spirit of place and local identity were determined. Functional and spatial methods of high-quality urban planning of residential buildings on postindustrial territories which promote their rapid socialization without creating a load on the formed urban structure are revealed. Main principles of housing complexes on brownfield sites are formulated. The methodical recommendations for implementation phasing consuming adaptation of postindustrial sites for new functions, in particular for housing, have been developed. In the first section "Theoretical preconditions of the postindustrial territories development" is outlined the multidisciplinarity of the issue and the theoretical sources that cover the process of postindustrial territories adaptation, including those for residential formations, are analyzed. The concept of multifunctional housing complexes is investigated. The factors of reverse interaction of postindustrial territory and its environment are determined. In the second section "The case study of the housing formations on postindustrial territories" are analyzed the general methods of research and case studies of objects, similar in its problems, approximate by the content and topics of this study to determine the most effective methods of research. A number of indicators of the quality of the city form are identified, which should be considered as a quality criterion for certain parts of the city, in particular for postindustrial territories. In the third section "Functional transformation of postindustrial territories in the world practice" the foreign and domestic experience of adapting postindustrial territories to residential formations is analyzed. Functional and spatial peculiarities of brownfield redevelopment are determined. By methods of comparison and virtual survey of territories were identified the main common methods of postindustrial territory adaptation in the context of urban redevelopment. In the fourth section "Formation and functioning specifics of residential areas on postindustrial territories in Lviv" the peculiarities of the neighborhood formations development on the postindustrial territories of Lviv were identified and analyzed. The results of the study were summarized to conclusions regarding the observance of the historical context, functional content, integration into the city structure and the friendliness of the created environment. In the fifth section "Approaches and techniques of postindustrial territories urban redevelopment into residential complexes" a comparative analysis of the results of the survey of housing units was carried out. Analyzed objects are classified relatively to the proportion of functional content of housing units in postindustrial territories. Local factors that influence to the quality of the living environment on the macro-, meso- and micro-levels are identified and described. The principle approaches and methodical recommendations for adaptation of postindustrial territories for residential complexes were formulated.
Розвиток архітектури міжвоєнної Волині в умовах соціокультурних трансформацій ХХ століття
(Національний університет "Львівська політехніка", 2014) Михайлишин, Ольга Леонідівна
Архітектура Волині 1921-1939 рр. – унікальне явище вітчизняної культури, в якому відобразились ідеалізовані уявлення про соціальну роль архітектури, прагнення модернізації, інерція реальних обставин; це – плід творчих зусиль, спрямованих на втілення державотворчих ідей, унаочнення суспільного поступу, символізацію культурно-цивілізаційного вибору. Соціокультурний і часовий детермінізм були визначальними моделями розвитку архітектури Волині. Містобудівна діяльність спрямовувалась на модернізацію забудови, вдосконалення планувального каркасу, реконструкцію міської тканини для унаочнення соціокультурних змін. Стилістичний розвиток визначався діалогом стилістичних систем, з якими ідентифікувалось поняття національної архітектурної традиції. Екстраполяція концепцій архітектурного авангарду на Волинь відіграла інтеграційну роль, урівнюючи категорії “сучасне” і “національне” стосовно архітектури. Пам’яткоохоронна діяльність була важливою для ідентифікації регіону як частини польського культурного простору. Архітектурна спадщина міжвоєнної Волині є цінним надбанням української та органічною частиною європейської архітектури. Архитектура Волыни 1921-1939 гг. – уникальное явление отечественной культуры, в котором отразились идеализированные представления о социальной роли архитектуры, модернизационные устремления, инерция реальных обстоятельств, это – плод творческих усилий, направленных на реализацию идеи государственного строительства, социального развития, символизацию культурно-цивилизационного выбора. Социокультурный и временной детерминизм были определяющими моделями развития архитектуры Волыни. Градостроительная деятельность направлялась на модернизацию застройки, усовершенствование планировочного каркаса, реконструкцию городской ткани для визуализации социокультурных изменений. Стилистическое развитие определялось диалогом стилистических систем, с которыми идентифицировалось понятие национальной архитектурной традиции. Экстраполяция концепций архитектурного авангарда на Волынь сыграла интеграционную роль, уравнивая категории “современное” и “национальное” в архитектуре. Охрана памятников была важна для идентификации региона как части польского культурного пространства. Архитектурное наследие межвоенной Волыни – ценное обретение украинской и органическая часть европейской архитектуры. Architecture of Volyn in 1921-1939 is a unique phenomenon of Ukrainian culture, which reflected the social aspirations of the epoch, idealized perceptions about the social role of architecture, desire for rapid modernization and high inertness of real circumstances; it is also a result of the creative activity of architects, which was aimed at the implementation of statehood ideas, visualization of the social progress, symbolization of cultural and civilizational choice. Architecture of Volyn in the interwar period reflected the system of European and national cultural values, different from those traditional for Volyn society. Both categories – “tradition” and “national culture” – define the main gist of the architectural development in the researched region, which was going on under tension between the past and the present. The determinism of time was one of the defining models of architectural development in Volyn in the interwar period. Time and its periods – the past, the present and the future created preconditions for the formation of aims and defined the specifics of means in every sphere of activity – city-planning, design, and preservation of monuments. The analysis of modern scientific knowledge in terms of architecture and city-planning of Volyn in the interwar period shows mainly the interest of Polish researchers in this topic. In the studies, carried out in the second part of the XX century and at the beginning of the XXI century, the architecture of the region was considered as a part of wide socio-cultural activity in the Second Rzech Pospolita. Till the end of the XX century the interwar architecture of Volyn lied beyond the interest of Ukrainian researchers, that fact caused stereotypical perceptions about the marginality of the heritage and collaterality of its architectural value in comparison to the monuments of the same period in the other regions of modern Ukraine. Historical conditions, social and cultural situation in Volyn in 1921-1939 have distinctively influenced the character, structure and peculiarities of development of architecture and city-planning of the region. Spatial and planning transformations of the city environment in Volyn were taking place under the influence and in the context of city-planning development trends of Western Europe and Poland. The city-planning activity was aimed at modernization, typological differentiation of buildings, improvement of the planning basis, reconstruction of the city texture, functional differentiation of the environment, inter alia with the purpose of visualization of socio-cultural changes. But the implementation of new principles of the European urban planning as “garden city” and “modern city” concepts was fragmental. The stylistic development of civil architecture in Volyn was taking place under the impact of ideological, political, social, economic, national, cultural and creative factors. The multidimensionality of the process was caused by negativist and contamination trends – the dialog of different stylistic systems, which were connected in the public perception of different social groups with the notion of architectural tradition. The extrapolation on Volyn of different concepts of architectural avant-garde and their implementation in the forms of functionalism, constructivism and Streamlined Style played the integration role, putting the categories of “modern” and “national” in terms of architecture on an equal basis. The image evolution of churches of different confessions reflected the social tasks, which stood before every religious institution in the region. For the Roman-Catholic Church it was the visual fixation of borders of spiritual influence by means of implementation of the concepts of Polish national romanticism in the architectural forms of “family” styles, regional schools of Polish folk architecture. For the Orthodox Church it was the underlining of the heritage of spiritual tradition and its long presence in the region by means of the use of “synodal style” and Volyn folk architecture forms. For the Evangelic-Lutheran Church it was the defining of a relative socio-cultural autonomy of the ethnic minorities, which confessed Protestantism, which was reflected in the stylistic conservatism of new temples. Protection of the cultural heritage was of a great importance for the identification of Volyn as part of Polish cultural space. Peculiarities and principles of development of architecture of Volyn during the interwar period, typical diversity of objects of architectural works and their descriptive and stylistic integrity as for the national tradition and concepts of West European modernism allows us to state that the architectural and city-planning heritage that is being researched, is a valuable property of Ukrainian culture and organic part of European one and deserves to be duly valuated and secured on the state level.
Теоретичні основи формування архітектури залізничних вокзалів
(Національний університет "Львівська політехніка", 2021) Рочняк, Юрій Альфредович; Диба, Юрій Романович; Національний університет "Львівська політехніка"; Древаль, Ірина Владиславівна; Михайлишин, Ольга Леонідівна; Лукомська, Зоряна Володимиріва
У дисертації розкрито теоретичні основи формування архітектури залізничних вокзалів у історичному, морфологічному, художньому, просторовочасовому та соціокультурному аспектах у ході розвитку, змін і трансформацій. Визначено чинники, прототипи у появі та становленні цієї архітектури і утворенні просторово-дієвого художньо осмисленого конструкта. Відзначається роль архітектури залізничних вокзалів у поширенні соціальних та художньокультурних цінностей і взаємовплив з іншими об’єктами. Окреслюються загальні напрями та тенденції розвитку архітектури залізничних вокзалів. The dissertation is devoted to the disclosure of the theoretical foundations of the formation of the architecture of railway stations in historical, morphological, artistic, spatio-temporal and socio-cultural aspects in the process of their emergence, development, change and transformation. Historical aspects cover the main periods of development of the architecture of railway stations in the world and in Ukraine. The architecture of the railway stations originates from the historical regularities associated with other objects. This is noticeable in the railway station buildings of large cities in comparison with palaces and large public buildings, the architecture of the railway stations of small settlements is similar to manor housing, and that of landing platforms-stops - to the buildings of other public transport. Ukrainian national motifs are expressed by the ornamentation of facades and small plastic forms of stations buildings. Recently, there has been a search for national and regional expression in new and renovated railway stations, which took place at the turn of the previous century. Morphological aspects relate to the regularities of time-related changes of forms and are generalized in the morphological types of buildings of railway stations, perrons, crossings, station sqwares. Factors, prototypes of emersion of the building and formation of this architecture are determined. The morphological changes of railway station buildings at the level of urban planning, territorial level and that of the building itself are revealed. On the urban planning level there are scenarios (emersion of the building, changes in it, dismantling); at the level of the territory and construction of the railway station there are schemes (additive, multiplicative, inversion, inclusive, mixed); at the level of the building, changes in the perimeter of the walls are possible (adaptation, superstructure, radical re-planning, finishing). Artistic aspects as compositional and stylistic techniques and means of construction of railway stations are comparable to other public buildings, perrons have a separate order, and the railway station area is connected with the architectural and urban context. Compositional and stylistic groups of railway station buildings of some railway lines and areas reflect the temporal and territorial involvement in political, economic and other factors. The ways of group distribution of railway stations in Western Ukraine are established and the uniqueness for preservation and adaptation of them in view of the historical value is asserted. From the middle of the XIX century the architecture of the railway station has been perceived as an archetype with varying sizes, planning, composition, styles, etc., influencing other public architecture. Spatial-temporal aspects of the formation of the architecture of railway stations describe the geometric and topological schemes of their construction. The concept of the mode of time is based on a philosophical understanding of the category of time. A space-time model has been created that reflects the heterogeneity of parts of architectural space in different time modes. The selectivity of time modes is related to the psychological attitude and trajectory of movement of the client-passengers in different topos of the railway station. Socio-cultural aspects are based on a complex of emotional, religious, political, commercial, linguistic, artistic, memorial, thematic and game components. The railway station has become a socio-cultural phenomenon as an architecturally formed space-shell of departure and arrival as well as related processes. It is perceived as a stable "chronotope" - an image of spatial and temporal connectivity to meet needs, first of all of connection and conveyance. This phenomenon goes beyond the physical boundaries of the railway station and becomes part of the culture. The role of railway station architecture is important in spreading of social, artistic and cultural values and interacting with other objects and processes. The main directions of development of architecture of railway stations are outlined: operating of the existing stations, construction of new stations, construction of small stations and landing platforms. These directions follow from the priorities and factors in modelling of the architecture of railway stations. The processes of origin, development, change, decline, transformation and interpretation of morphological types, compositional, stylistic techniques and means in spatio-temporal connection and socio-cultural context are combined. The main trends in the architecture of railway stations are the expression of basic ideas that reflect the evolution of railway station architecture as borrowing, choice, recomprehension, interpretation of forms. These processes tend to form a stable architectural-spatial construct in character from the "architecture of expression and demonstration" through the "architecture of reglementation" to the "architecture of choice and promotion." В диссертации раскрыты теоретические основы формирования архитектуры железнодорожных вокзалов в историческом, морфологическом, художественном, пространственно-временном и социокультурном аспектах в ходе развития, изменений и трансформаций. Определены факторы, прототипы в появлении и становлении этой архитектуры и образовании пространственнодейственного художественно осмысленного конструкта. Отмечается роль архитектуры ж/д вокзалов в распространении социальных и художественнокультурных ценностей и взаимовлияние с другими объектами. Определяются общие направления и тенденции развития архитектуры ж/д вокзалов.
Формування архітектури сакральних комплексів під впливом суспільно-політичних процесів (на прикладі Тернопільської області)
(Національний університет "Львівська політехніка", 2021) Дячок, Оксана Миронівна; Черкес, Богдан Степанович; Національний університет "Львівська політехніка"; Лесик, Олександр Володимирович; Михайлишин, Ольга Леонідівна; Шевцова, Галина Вікторівна
Дисертація присвячена процесу формування та розвитку сакральної архітектури Тернопільської області під впливом суспільно – політичних процесів. У дослідженні вперше комплексно проаналізовані історичні та соціальні передумови будівництва та розвитку культових споруд на території Тернопільської області в контексті розвитку європейської культури, досліджені етапи їх формування; визначені церковно-релігійні та конфесійні трансформації, які привели до змін в архітектурі сакральних комплексів; визначено роль сакральних центрів у процесах духовного та національного відродження України; проаналізовані сучасні храмові комплекси та визначена роль сучасних тернопільських архітекторів у процесі відродження храмового будівництва України; виокремлено суспільно-політичні процеси, які впливали на розвиток храмових комплексів. Висновки та положення дисертації відкривають шлях для подальших наукових пошуків у теорії архітектури та містобудуванні. Диссертация посвящена процессу формирования и развития сакральной архитектуры Тернопольской области под влиянием общественно - политических факторов. В исследовании впервые комплексно проанализированы исторические и социальные предпосылки строительства и развития культовых сооружений на территории Тернопольской области в контексте развития европейской культуры, исследованы этапы их формирования; определены церковно-религиозные и конфессиональные трансформации, которые привели к изменениям в архитектуре сакральных комплексов; определена роль сакральных центров в процессах духовного и национального возрождения Украины; проанализированы современные храмовые комплексы и определена роль современных тернопольских архитекторов в процессе возрождения храмового строительства Украины; выделены общественно-политические факторы, которые влияли на развитие храмовых комплексов. Выводы и положения диссертации открывают путь для дальнейших научных изысканий в теории архитектуры и градостроительстве. The thesis investigates the social and political processes that took place in the modern Ternopil region and their impact on the development of the architecture of sacred complexes. Political events in the history of Ukraine and the world led to the division of Ukrainian lands, including Ternopil. All historical periods are associated with special social and political factors that had a direct impact on the development of sacred architecture in Ternopil region. The relevance of the study is due to the fact that the current events in Ukraine and in the world, exacerbation of social, political, national and cultural problems encourage further study of sacred architecture, which has a high degree of historical and cultural value and has had a significant impact on national history. Cultural development and art, it is a reflection of the history of development and worldview of society. With the proclamation of Ukraine's independence the revival of national culture began, restoration of existing and construction of new religious buildings, which continues today. New confessional transformations after the acquisition of the Tomos on Autocephaly for the Orthodox Church of Ukraine and the processes of ecumenism are forcing architects to continue the search for a modern national style in church architecture. Scientific novelty. In the thesis for the first time: historical and social preconditions for the construction and development of religious buildings in Ternopil region in the context of the development of European culture are comprehensively analyzed; church and religious and confessional transformations that led to changes in the architecture of sacred complexes are identified; the stages of formation and development of sacred objects in Ternopil region are investigated; the role of sacred centers in the processes of spiritual and national revival of Ukraine is determined; modern temple complexes are analyzed and the role of modern Ternopil architects in the process of revival of temple construction in Ukraine is determined; the social and political factors that influenced the development of temple complexes are singled out. The practical significance of the results. To analyze the problems of preservation and use of sacred resources of Ternopil region, an inventory of all sacred buildings and structures included in the register of national monuments of architecture and urban planning of Ukraine has been done, which allowed to update the archives of the Department of Cultural Heritage of Ternopil region. The study revealed such sacred complexes, which are not included in the list of architectural monuments, but are of exceptional importance for the history, culture and art of the region. Therefore, measurements were carried at the sites, drawings were made, temples were photographed, historical information was researched, and materials were transferred to the Department of Cultural Heritage Protection of Ternopil Region for the preparation of documentation for their certification and registration. In the first section is dedicated to the historiographical analysis of works, which showed the multifaceted nature of the dissertation, the disclosure of the scientific problem through the study of architecture, history of Ukraine, religion, theology. In the second section the concept of "sacred complex" is formulated and the concept of "social and political" processes and factors is outlined, the hypothesis is formed and a number of research tasks are defined. It is shown that the Ternopil region, which covers three historical and ethnographic regions: Western Podillya, part of Eastern Galicia and Southern Volhynia and at different historical stages was part of different states can be allocated for the study. The third section examines European history and culture that had a direct impact on all aspects of life in Western Ukraine. The fourth section analyzes the development of architecture of sacred complexes in modern Ternopil region. The fifth chapter examines the history of the development of the architectural complexes and large sacred centers in Ternopil region. The sixth chapter examines the development of architecture of sacred complexes in the Ternopil region in the recent period; The results of the dissertation research were used in the educational process in the training of specialists in art specialties during the study of the course "History of Art and Architecture". The research can be used in writing reference books, in the attribution of architectural works, in the research of the history of architecture, in the certification of urban and architectural monuments for inclusion in the state register of national cultural heritage. The scientific results of the research are published in 38 articles, including scientific professional publications of Ukraine, scientific periodicals of foreign countries and articles that reflect the approbation of research materials.