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Item Військово-політична тактика і стратегія ОУН у 1939–1941 рр.(Видавництво Львівської політехніки, 2014) Барановська, Н. М.Аналізуються складні та суперечливі стосунки Організації Українських Націона- лістів і Німеччини на початку Другої світової війни, формування військово-політичної доктрини та геополітичної стратегії ОУН у боротьбі за самостійну Українську державу. The analyses difficult and contradictory relations between Organization of Ukrainian Nationalists and Germany at the beginning of the Second world war, formation of military-political doctrine and OUN’s geopolitical strategy during struggle for the independent Ukrainian state. Dramatic events of the beginning of the Second world war came always into the notice of society. However, some of them need clarification and detailed study up to this time. I issues related to the evolution of relations of Ukrainian nationalistic movement and military policy of Organization of the Ukrainian nationalists during September 1939 to 1941, belong to actual questions of research. When Germany planned to transform Ukraine into the colony, OUN searched for the ways of Ukrainian regular military powers renewal, which wanted to direct for nation and state revival. To the beginning of the Second world war, the leaders of Ukrainian nationalistic movement were predisposed to orientate on Germany, as, in fact, Germanywas interested in change of European political map. Only conflict between Germany and Poland, and in a prospect with the main enemy – USSR – gave the Ukrainian people a hope to revive the independent state with all Ukrainian ethnic lands. Attitude of OUN toward nazi Germany was based on external nationally political plans and was an ordinary conception, directed to find favourable forces in the world and eventual allies. At the beginning of the Second world war relations between Ukrainian nationalistic movement and Germany were situational, undergoing permanent changes depending on a geopolitical situation. They passed an evolution from collaboration in military sphere to complete imperception of nazi ideology and secret struggle against Germany. Nonrandomly, that on a turning point of 1941–1942 the nazi organs of safety came to the conclusion that except of Bandera’s OUN, Ukraine has no organization of resistance that would be able to cause a serious danger. In relations between OUN and nazi Germany the point is about the typical example of episodic and brief tactical collaboration of both sides, strategic aims of which were fundamentally different. The question is about preparing of common tactic of actions, advantageous in a certain situation both for OUN and Germans. At the beginning of the Second world war OUN was oriented on Germany, as it was the political opponent of USSR. However OUN’s leaders tried to operate and determine their own position under any circumstances, proceeding from the national interests, and to use all of the favourable geopolitical circumstances for achievement of own strategic and tactical purpose – renewal of the Ukrainian statehood and defence of it by a national army. Today is obvious, that in 1939–1941 years there were no objective conditions for formation of the Ukrainian independent state, however. undoubtedly, that OUN’s military-political activity was based on aspiration of the Ukrainian people to get the independence and defined the new stage of national liberation struggle for the Ukrainian independence. Despite of that this attempt suffered a defeat, it played a ponderable role in the awareness of considerable part of Ukrainian society about the importance of existence of the national state and necessity of its defending both in political and in military struggle.Item Антибританська політична карикатура у Німеччині як засіб пропаганди у період Першої світової війни(Видавництво Львівської політехніки, 2014) Питльована, Л. Ю.Проаналізовано антибританську політичну карикатуру у Німеччині як засіб пропаганди у період Першої світової війни. Досліджено особливості політичної карикатури як історичного джерела: система організації пропаганди у кайзерівській Німеччині. Розглядаються образи, сюжети та персонажі карикатур, їх семантичне значення. Аналізується вплив антибританської карикатури на формування негативних стереотипів у німецькому суспільстві. The article is devoted to analyzing of anti-British political cartoons in Germany as propaganda methods during World War I. The features of political cartoons as a historical source; the system of propaganda in Imperial Germany are investigated. The images, the plots and the cartoons characters, their semantic meaning are considered. Influence of anti-British cartoons on formation of negative stereotypes in German society is analyzed.Item Українське питання в політиці провідних держав напередодні великої війни (1914–1918 рр.)(Видавництво Львівської політехніки, 2014) Мазур, О. Я.; Баран, І. В.Розглянуто значення українських земель для країн-учасниць Першої світової війни. Проаналізовано плани та цілі кожної з держав, які входили до складу різних воюючих блоків, відносно загарбання українських земель. The Entente and Triple Alliance – the two military-political alliances which had the relation to the beginning of the First World War, planned to lead the would-be war with the aim of enlarging their economical and political influences and for new outlet while redividing of the previously had already divided world. In this war Ukraine, as the largest European country of those without its own government, and having numerous labor and material resources and very convenient geographical location – had become a target of the comparative rival countries. Ukraine had become a center of a particular international attention. The matter of “Ukrainian question” which appeared in those days international politics could be explained by the absence of any kind of the independent state, territorial division of Ukraine, unsatisfied material, national and cultural conditions of Ukrainian people. The “Ukrainian question” became one of the most important reasons of European destabilization of the international relations in Europe, which in its own way provoked two military-political alliances to the conflict. The Russian Empire, from one side and Germany and the Austria-Hungary from the other one treated the question of the conquest of the Ukrainian lands as one with the most important priority. Besides, while eastern part of Ukraine, so called –Naddniprianska Ukraine - stayed a part of the Russian Empire, the last one wanted to conquer western Ukraine. On the other hand, as Austria-Hungary ruling western Ukrainian lands, claimed its rights to eastern Ukraine. Having started the war, the Russian Empire planned to conquer lands of Eastern Galicia, Northern Bukovina and Transcarpatia. It would let them solve two tasks: at first – to broaden the border of the Russian Empire and, at the same time, weaken or even destroy their western opponent; at second – to completely squelch the organising centres of Ukrainian liberation movements in Galicia, which not occasionally was called “Ukrainian Piemont”. The burglarious character of its intentions, Russian propaganda managed to hide by the will to unite the all Russian lands, of which, of course, Ukrainian lands were a part of. During the war, the Austria-Hungary Empire, aimed to strengthen their positions in Western Ukraine and unite to its lands the other inhabited by Ukrainians territories, in particular, Volyn and Podillia. It would let them enhance their influence on Slavic nations of the Empire (Poles, Czechs, Slovaks), and tend to be the most influential country in the Slavic world. The German Empire struggled for the expanding of its lands by conquering eastern and southern Ukraine – the most economically developed Ukrainian regions. Among German politicians the question of Ukraine was thought as essential, needed to defeat the Russian Empire. The German authority paid much attention to military actions held on Ukrainian lands, finding it as one of the most important scenes of the World War. Germans didn’t exclude the creation of formally separate Ukrainian state formed on the reclaimed from the Russian Empire lands.