Архітектура

Розглянуто об’єкти культури у зарубіжних великих містах, побудовані у 2006–2014 рр., з погляду їх містоутворювального значення, запропоновано їхню класифікацію за багатьма ознаками. Подано основні терміни та поняття. Досліджено функціональне наповнення об’єктів культури (нових бібліотек і музеїв) та їхнє розташування у структурі міста. The cultural function in the modern post-industrial society, where the leading role played by education and science, can have a significant impact on the city or its individual territories, thus acquiring city-forming importance. Today in foreign countries, implemented, designed and is under construction many institutions and cultural objects. In addition to individual cultural buildings, acquire large distribution centers with a developed infrastructure through which cultural activity is important and even dominant in the functional filling of the urban space. The aim of the article is in classification of cultural objects in a number of features that are important from the perspective of urban planning: location in the city; linking with nodes of the town planning structure (functional,transport); linking with the landscape of the city; functional filling; the estimated number of visitors. This will allow to assess the impact of cultural complexes on urban situation and to determine their role in city life. In this article offers an overview of objects that were recently built or those that are under construction in greater cities for a better acquaintance with contemporary global trends. Based on consideration of the characteristics of new museum buildings we can note certain trends. Placing the museum in the structure of the city has no clear patterns as they can be located both in the central part and in the periphery of the city. We have examples when the museum is included in the structure of the existing historical buildings or located in the former industrial area on the outskirts of town. Museums are polyfunctional objects. In addition to storage and exhibition of cultural heritage, they offer visitors a wide range of additional functions: trade, offices, an auditorium for events, training and more. Volumetric composition of the building must motivate visitors to emphasize the individuality of the building. For example, the MAXXI Museum in Rome – the first national museum of modern art in Italy, designed by architects ZahaHadid. The need to provide leisure and cultural development of society was and is relevant,that is why the the cultural objects rapidly developing and starting to play a significant role in the life of a modern city. There is the practice of combining different functions in one building or urban complexes, contributing use these objects for various needs in any time.An example of continuous use the space of cultural objects is a Museum Quarter in Vienna – during the day in museums proceed the exhibition on the territory and various events, and in the evening – a resting place for students and youth.Based on consideration of new buildings of cultural objects – namely libraries and museums, we can note the following conclusions: 1. When designing cultural objects mortgaged an advanced feature set to provide a wide range of community needs. 2. Cultural objects are projected as new intellectual and cultural center of the city, district or quarter. 3. New cultural facilities are a dominant position in space of the city. Libraries and museums are forming on the dominant areas, streets, quarters.

Розглянуто етапи формування території природно-ландшафтного комплексу “Цитадель” у Львові та особливості його функціонального зонування сьогодні. Запропоновано концепцію його архітектурно-планувальної організації з влаштуванням мілітарного парку “Цитадель”, а також вирішення ландшафтними засобами його меморіально-пам’яткової функції.

Архітектура

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