Вісники та науково-технічні збірники, журнали
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Item Чинники формування оборонних споруд монастирів Західної України у XVII–XVIII ст.(Видавництво Львівської політехніки, 2016) Рибчинський, О. В.; Хохонь, М. П.; Національний університет “Львівська політехніка”Опрацьовано чинники, що впливали на розвиток та формування укріплень монастирів у XVII–XVIII ст. Монастирі та їхні захисні редути завжди відігравали роль активних домінант у просторі. Проте з плином часу сформований архітектурний образ руйнується. Фахове вивчення цієї проблематики розкриває раніше не відомі аспекти існування та окреслює перспективи функціонування монастирських комплексів. In seventeenth and eighteenth centuries monastic complexes had reliable fortifications, which were developed according to the newest requisites of the times. Most of the monasteries lost their ecclesiastical, religional, scientifical, cultural, and artistic roles during the twentieth century; this became the reason of their decline and gradual decay. Today, many monasteries gradually restore their original roles of spiritual havens. However, the fortifications which are essential parts of their architectural image are not protected and are in decay. In this article we present monasteries of seventeenth and eighteenth centuries which were founded both inside city walls and included in the city fortification systems, and outside cities and constructed on highlands or lowlands. As a result of the analysis it was possible do discern that the monasteries located on plains or lowlands had regular fortifications, while the ones on highlands had irregular fortifications. In some monastic complexes due to development of architectural and engineering thought, and also due to political and administrative factors, developed fortification systems arose. Correctly chosen location for a monastery was a helpful factor for defence. Hills, rivers, and swampy territories were natural defensive elements. In seventeenth and eighteenth centuries three categories of monastic complexes evolved: 1) monasteries on highlands, 2) monasteries on plains, 3) monasteries on lowlands. Monasteries on highlands were the most common. Such complexes are present in Pidkamin, Pochaiv, Yazlivets, Berezhany, Lviv (Discalced Carmelites, Benedictine Nuns, Missionaries, Reformats Orders), Monastyrok. Monasteries on plain territories had regular layout and were located inside city walls (in Bohorodchany, Variazh, Husiatyn, Zhovkva, Zbarazh, Leshniv, Rohatyn, Sambir (both Bernardine and Dominican). The least common were the ones located on lowlands. Among these are the abodes in Yezupil, Mariampil, Lviv (Bernardine), Terebovlia, Univ, Lavriv, Krekhiv, Maniava, the ones in Chernyliawa and Shchyplotiv do not exist today. As a rule, monasteries were located near main roads: either inside or outside city walls. Among the complexes located outside of the urban structures, and near local roads, are the ones in Dobromyl, Zavaliv, Lviv (Benedictine Nuns, Reformats), the Maniavskyi Skyt, Vitsyn, Lavriv, Krekhiv, Sokal (Bernardine). Among the monasteries located near the main road inside city walls or right next to city fortifications, are the abodes in Berezhany, Belz, Bohorodchany, Zhovkva (Dominican), Zbarazh, Leshniv, Mariampil, Rohatyn, Lviv (Bernardine). Such monasteries were included in the city fortification systems and were located next to the city gates. Monastic complexes located near main roads next to the city walls, usually played the role of outposts, so they had to be placed on hills. These are Pidkamin monastery, Pochaiv, Peremyshliany, Yazlivets, Lviv (Basilian, Carmelite), Sambir (Jesuit, Bridgettine), and Sokal (Bridgettine). During the history, the monasteries played an active and important role in the spread of the Holy Scripture, in the development of education, and in the defence of the borders of the state. In seventeenth and eighteenth centuries monasteries on plains were founded inside city walls and were included into the cities’ defensive systems. Monasteries outside city limits were constructed on hills or on lowlands. Monasteries located on plain territories or on lowlands, had regular fortification systems. The ones on hills got irregular fortifications that depended much on the present landscape. Monasteries with developed fortifications were extraordinary; they had significant political and administrative factors influence them, as well as the architectural and engineering achievements of the time.Item Палацовий комплекс у с. Самчиках Хмельницької обл. – приклад класицистичної європейської архітектури кінця XVIII – початку XIX ст.(Видавництво Львівської політехніки, 2016) Погранична, І. І.; Palace and park complex in Samchiki village, Khmelnitsky regione – example of classic european architecture in the end of XVIII – the first half of XIX centuryОхарактеризовано архітектурні особливості та етапи розвитку палацового комплексу у с. Самчики Хмельницької обл. Встановлено, що палацові комплекси були центральною композиційною домінантою у структурі села. Проте з розвитком поселення та недоцільним функціональним використанням палацового комплексу руйнується архітектурний образ пам’ятки та поселення загалом. Науково обґрунтовані рекомендації щодо збереження та реставрації історичної забудови класицистичних резиденцій допоможуть зберегти унікальні складові історико-культурної спадщини України. The article describes the architectural characteristics and stages of development of palace complex in the Samchiki village Khmelnitsky region. Stated, that palace complexes were central composition in the village’s structure. The high architectural and artistic level of buildings – elements of ensembles was reached through participation in their designing and decorating the most recognized and talented architects and painters of this time. One of them is the famous Polish architect Jakub Kubicky, who built a palace for Tadeusz Chatsky in Kremenets in 1805, for Peter Chechel in Samchiki during 1795–1805, for Marcin Tarnavski in Berezhtsi and others. The palace complex in the Samchiki village is very interesting. One of the characteristic features of the classic art of palace building, which is clearly reflected in the Samchiki farmstead is complexity and stylistic integrity of the entire area as a whole, when the main building is in harmony with annexes, outhouses and park surroundings. The palace complex has experienced several stages of formation and development, including: First period: beginning of the XVIII century – laying of the first buildings and a small park; Second period: XVIII - the beginning of XIX century – construction of classic architectural ensemble (architect Jakub Kubicky) and planning of the landscape of the park and gardens; Third period: the XIX century – adding a thorn hedge and laying regular park. Over the years, there were numerous alterations and extensions. However, if in the pre-revolutionary times, restructuring and redevelopment of the estate were made with the needs of owners, from the second part of the XX century all buildings without exception stylistic features and formed plan of the park, and sometimes with destruction of historic buildings, which was because of change their functionality. It happened with existing greenhouses and “garden in the walls.” Greenhouses were destroyed in their place were built a greenhouses, garages and research station. So-called “Garden in walls” was turned into a warehouse of building materials. On the territory of estate the kindergarten, research station, boiler, houses and hospital were built. The architecture not only meets the historic environment, but in general has no sign of style. Those buildings classified as dissonant buildings. Thus, the palace and park complex is part of a unique historical and architectural heritage of settlements and their stylistic and aesthetic characteristics help to preserve the authentic image of the settlements of regional and international tourism. This indicates that it is necessary to identify, consider and value popularization palace complexes in the formation of settlements. Now, there are not the best days of palace and park complex. Palace, gate, fencing and ancillary buildings need restoration and park - a radical upgrade, possibly laying the new. Nowadays, it is necessary to carry out not only restoration work, but also the reconstruction of three-dimensional structure of the palace and park complex, which is aimed to restore the whole image.Item Архітектурні особливості палацових комплексів авторства Якуба Кубицького кін. XVIII – поч. ХІХ ст.(Видавництво Львівської політехніки, 2017-03-28) Погранична, І. І.; Pohranychna, I.; Національний університет “Львівська політехніка”; Lviv Polytechnic National UniversityСтаттю присвячено творчості відомого польського архітектора Якуба Кубицького, який працював у кін. XVIII – на поч. ХІХ ст. на території Польщі та України, а саме на території історичної Волині (сучасних Тернопільській та Хмельницькій областях). Творчий почерк дозволив зодчому зайняти місце почесного архітектора садибного будівництва і бути автором дев’яти унікальних об’єктів на цій території. На формування стилю архітектора вплинули його наставник Доменіко Мерліні та Палладіанська школа загалом. У його роботах також можна побачити вплив загальносвітових канонів класицистичної забудови палацових комплексів. В основі стилю лежить чітка осьова композиція, симетрія, двотрактова композиція планів палаців, використання військової емблематики в оздобленні фасадів.