Вісники та науково-технічні збірники, журнали
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Item Use of Modified Adsorbents to Remove Pesticides From Wastewater(Видавництво Львівської політехніки, 2022-03-01) Sabadash, Vira; Gumnitsky, Jaroslaw; Nowik-Zając, Anna; Zawierucha, Iwona; Krylova, Galyna; Lviv Polytechnic National University; Academy of Jan Dlugosz in CzestochówThe migration of highly concentrated pesticide solutions in the soil has been experimentally studied. A mathematical model of the diffusion process in the soil environment has been developed. Based on the mathematical model, a system of equations for calculating the duration and intensity of the process depending on environmental parameters was obtained. The dependence of the process velocity on the direction of the diffusion front is determined, and the diffusion coefficients, kinetic coefficients of the diffusion process and the diffusion front velocity were calculated. Environmental aspects of pesticide migration were analysed. The diffusion coefficient of glyphosate in the model soil environment is established. Under the experimental conditions, the diffusion coefficient value was D = 1.755×10-12 m2/s. The study results of the process of migration of the component up the soil profile indicate the mechanism of molecular diffusion of glyphosate in the soil environment. The results of experimental research and the solution of the mathematical model were used to model the migration process in the Comsol Multiphysics environment. Analysis of theoretical and experimental results showed that the developed model could be used to calculate the dynamics of the spread of the pesticide front in the soil with sufficient accuracy.Item Requirements for the environmental protection officer of the Ukrainian armed forces in view of NATO guidance documents(Видавництво Львівської політехніки, 2021-06-01) Orel, Serhiy; Durach, Vadim; Sjoma, Bohdan; Hetman Petro Sahaydachnyi National ArmyMilitary impact on the environment can be defined as two components: 1) impact on the environment in time of daily activities during the training of troops and 2) impact on the environment during the combat operation. In the Armed Forces of Ukraine, to some extent, environmental security measures are implemented only during daily operations in peacetime. As for taking into account the impact of fighting on the environment in time of planning combat operations, this issue is usually not even raised in their preparation. On the other hand, NATO member states understand that military operations can be inherently destructive to human health and the environment. Therefore, this study was conducted to determine the educational requirements for commanders, especially for officers who provide environmental protection in the Armed Forces of Ukraine, based on NATO regulations and the experience of Allies. The article considers how environmental issues are integrated into the military operation at each stage: planning, predeployment, deployment (execution and force rotation), redeployment, and post-deployment. The main tasks of environmental officers at each stage of the operation are defined. Based on the tasks solved by officers, the requirements for their education are formed, the subjects studied by US environmental officers are considered.Item Studying an air ventilation and pollution in an atmosphere of industrial city: elements of new modeling approach and green-city technology(Lviv Politechnic Publishing House, 2017-09-08) Khetselius, Olga; Glushkov, Alexander; Safranov, Tamerlan; Buyadzhi, Vasily; Bunyakova, Yuliya; Romanova, Anna; Odessa State Environmental UniversityWe develop the elements of a new generalized approach to natural air ventilation of the industrial city. It is based on the Arakawa-Shubert and Glushkov models which allow to give a quantitative reliable modelling an unsteady turbulence in the urban area and atmospheric ventilation dynamics. To calculate the air circulation for the cloud layer arrays, penetrating into the territory of the urban area, we apply the methods of a plane complex field theory. The method allows to calculate the convection parameters and shifting cumulus cloud ensemble from surrounung regions. An advanced mathematical method for modelling an unsteady turbulence in the city’s area is developed and applied. As illustrative example, we apply our approach to computing the ventilation potential and current function for typical (quite simplified) sinopticl situation for the territory of the Odessa city.Item Антропогенна трансформація властивостей екотонів захисного типу на шляхах залізничного транспорту(Видавництво Львівської політехніки, 2016) Обшта, Анатолій; Сорока, Ірина; Руда, Марія; Національний університет “Львівська політехніка”; Національний лісотехнічний університет УкраїниПодано результати досліджень щодо формування екотонів захисного типу та створення інформаційно-аналітичної системи підтримки управлінських рішень для забезпечення рівня їх функціонування, який відповідає міжнародним стандартам, що регламентують сучасні вимоги до систем захисту довкілля. Представлены результаты исследований по формированию экотонов защитного типа и созданию информационно-аналитической системы поддержки управленческих решений для обеспечения уровня их функционирования, который соответствует международным стандартам, регламентирующим современные требования к системам защиты окружающей среды. The influence of rail transport on the environment creates many problems as it includes violation of the stability of natural landscapes transport infrastructure through the development of erosion and landslides; air pollution by exhaust gases; permanent increase in oil pollution of earth, lead, blowing products and shedding of bulk cargo (coal, ore, cement). Along with the benefits offered by the railway transport, there arise accute lssues of environmental safety during its use, which is caused by its negative and even destructive impacts on the environment. Sanitation methods provide for mandatory monitoring of the environment. The object of study is the quality of protective ecotones of the Lviv Railway. The forest shelterbelts, investigated in the railway sections Lviv – Sambir, Lviv – Ivano-Frankivsk, Lviv – Rava-Ruska, Lviv – Kovel, Lviv – Krasne, Lviv – Mostyska, Lviv – Stryi, Stryi – Mukachevo, and Ivano-Frankivsk – Chernivtsi, are mainly double-row ones (except natural forests growing along the railway lines) of 200 m in width on both sides of the track. The species composition of the stands is characterized by its diversity depending on forest site type. The trees are often top-drying, from the side of the railway tracks they have windfirm and dense crowns. The undergrowth is suppressed by snow drifts. The protective ecotones are characterized by the distribution of precipitation, soil moisture, and productivity of the adjacent agricultural lands. As a result, a kind of parademe system is formed along the Lviv Railway lines,consortium, that significantly differs from natural one due to overlapping ecological niches. This consortium has much in common with conserved (ecological) corridors because the integrated assessement shows increasing species diversity of agrosystem flora by 17 – 73%, entomofauna – by 27 – 62.5%, zoofauna – by a factor of 2.7 times. According to the field studies, we have classified the protective ecotones of the Lviv Railway by characteristics of profile, i.e. the structure and composition of plantations by their origin. Full-profile protective ecotones are plantations where the structure of shelterbelts (ecotones) can be clearly seen, they can be found in all sections of the Lviv Railway where the protective forest plantations were artificially created. Predominantly, they consist of one or, less common, three strips. Ecotone is formed at the boundary of two different anthropogenic tracts in a railway precinct. Across the study sections of the railway lines, only mixed stands were observed, no pure stands were found. A field study of ties between morphology and function of cumulative and ecosystem engineer; statistical methods investigated the potential protective effect of ecotones Lviv railway. The complex and differentiation characteristics of cumulative function of protective ecotones depends on the morphology and composition of forest communities –edificator. In the structure of vegetation in the consortium of protective ecotones, there is a significant amount of synanthropic and acclimatized species. Active processes are currently observed of human-induced changes in primary stands to form natural-anthropogenic stands in a wider array. The aggregate of protective ecotones at the Lviv Railway is functioning as a single system or forest reclamation complex that serves as the ecological framework where elements and subsystems interact providing a synergistic effect. Proceeding from the necessity of shifting to landscape-ecological principles of management and ensuring the maximum possible protective effect, the creation of a system of protective ecotones is one of the most innovative ways of ensuring ecosystem sustainability, in particular, enhancing their buffering capacity due to partial renewal of forest ecosystems as an integral component of natural landscape, which will provide for environmental safety on railway lines using only natural mechanisms of environmental protection. Method of investigation of environmental safety in railway transport is of great polyfunctional importance as this enables, on the basis of the landscape-ecological methods, to form consortiums of protective ecotones that will provide the maximum spatial-temporal efficacy.Item Екологічний аудит у контексті стимулювання раціонального аграрного землекористування в умовах осушування(Видавництво Львівської політехніки, 2014) Дорошенкo, Н. О.Проаналізовано вітчизняні та міжнародні підходи щодо визначення екологічного аудиту. Встановлено, що деякі вітчизняні науковці в своїх дослідженнях опираються на визначення, надане в Законі України “Про екологічний аудит”. Доведено, що екологічний аудит тісно пов’язаний із стимулюванням раціонального аграрного природокористування та займає важливе місце в його інформаційному забезпеченні. Вироблено власний підхід до трактування екологічного аудиту в контексті стимулювання раціонального аграрного використання осушуваних земель. Наведено перелік показників, що характеризують структуру земельних угідь, їх технічний та агроекологічний стан, а також ступінь техногенного навантаження, які можуть бути об’єктом дослідження екологічного аудиту у галузі економічно ефективного та екологічно збалансованого землекористування в умовах осушування. National and international approaches to the definition of environmental audit are analyzed. Established, that some domestic scholars in their studies are based on the definition provided by the Law of Ukraine “On Environmental Audit”. It is proved that an environmental audit is closely linked to sustainable agricultural environmental management supporting and plays an important point in its information basis. Own approach to the interpretation of environmental audit in the context of the rational agricultural use of drained land stimulation is developed. The list of parameters that characterize the structure of the land, their technical and agro-ecological condition, and the degree of anthropogenic load, which may be the subject of research in the field of environmental auditing of economic efficiency and environmentally sustainable land use under conditions of drainage, is given.Item Development of logistics in Ukraine: environmental dimension(Видавництво Львівської політехніки, 2013) Chornopyska, N. V.The article summarizes the preconditions for the environmental paradigm formation. It has been set up that implementation of the environmental paradigm has been mostly held in sustainable development doctrine that being an economic theory has stimulated the progress of logistics in the direction of "green" logistics. The evolution of the "green" logistics concept has been researched in retrospect. Determinants that will have an impact on its future development have been identified. The development of logistics industry in Ukraine has been analyzed. Particular attention has been concentrated on the transportation segment. The connection between the goods traffic increase and increased pressure on the environment has been set up. Recommendations for reduction of the negative impact of transport logistics systems on the ecosystem have been designed. Узагальнено передумови формування інвейронментальної парадигми. Встановлено, що реалізація інвейронментальної парадигми найбільшою мірою відбулася у доктрині стійкого розвитку, яка як економічна теорія стимулювала поступ логістики у напрямку «зелена» логістика. У ретроспективі досліджено еволюцію концепції «зелена» логістика. Ідентифіковано визначальні чинники, які матимуть вплив на її подальший розвиток. Проаналізовано розвиток галузі логістики України. Зосереджено увагу на сегменті транспортування. Встановлено зв’язок між збільшенням вантажопотоків та збільшенням навантаження на природне середовище. Розроблено рекомендації щодо зменшення негативного впливу транспортних логістичних систем на екосистему.Item Організаційно-економічні механізми екологізації виробництва на вітчизняних підприємствах(Видавництво Львівської політехніки, 2011) Дубодєлова, А. В.; Юринець, О. В.; Федорів, М. М.Проаналізовано тенденції техногенного впливу вітчизняної промисловості на довкілля і динаміку капітальних інвестицій та поточних витрат на охорону та раціональне використання природних ресурсів. Розглянуто сучасні підходи, виокремлено ключові групи мотивів і складові організаційно-економічних механізмів екологізації вітчизняного виробництва та на державному рівні підприємств. In article analyzed tendencies of the technological influence of the domestic industry on the environment and the dynamics of capital investment and operating costs for the protection and rational use of natural resources. Considered modern approaches, founded the most important groups of motives and the components of organizational-economic mechanisms of ecological domestic production at the state and enterprise level.