Вісники та науково-технічні збірники, журнали

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    Theoretical and methodological principles for accounting reflecton of goodwill: dialectics of development and directions of improvement
    (Видавництво Львівської політехніки, 2021-03-01) Lemishovska, O.; Mazur, I.; Lviv Polytechnic National University
    The rapid development of market relations, Ukraine's integration into the world economic space, encourage companies, in order to achieve competitive advantages, to explore new ways of capitalization. At the same time, the operations of purchase, sale, merger or acquisition of companies, the value of which directly depends on intellectual capital, are becoming more common. The difference in the assessment of market and book value of intellectual capital leads to a special economic and accounting category – goodwill.Despite the prospects of using such a component of assets as goodwill, today there are still a number of theoretical and practical problems, for example: problem of unambiguous understanding and interpretation of the essence of goodwill, methods of its valuation, and the practice of reflecting it in accounting and reporting by domestic enterprises. The study addresses issues related to establishing the nature of goodwill, its content as an intangible economic resource of the enterprise and the component of the value of capital and the problem object of accounting.The purpose of the work is to reveal the economic essence of goodwill as an object of accounting, to conduct a critical analysis of the current standardization of goodwill accounting, to generalize and systematize of existing problems in the formation of accounting information about this object. The task of this study is to formulate separate proposals for improving methodological approaches to accounting for goodwill, which are obtained on the basis of examined legislative and research sources of information. The scientific novelty lies in the substantiation of the accounting category of goodwill as a subjective value and an objectively existing resource, which should be actually reflected in accounting and reporting.
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    Intangible values in the accounting theoretical and applied sphere of the Eastern Galicia of the second half of XIX - the beginning of XX century: historical discourse
    (Видавництво Львівської політехніки, 2020-02-24) Lemishovska, O.; Lviv Polytechnic National University
    The evolution of the economic category “intangible value of the enterprise” and the content of the objects that present it are summarized. The historical formalization of intangible components of the value of the enterprise is given and the development of accounting methodology and methods of reflection of objects related to the concept of “intangible asset” is analyzed. The article presents theoretical and applied aspects of the reflection of intangible assets by accounting in the global and regional sections. The first part of the study highlights the generalized and systematized by the author historiography of the basic principles of accounting for intangible assets with an emphasis on existing problem aspects and ways to solve them at the turn of the century. The second part of this historical and accounting investigation reveals the panorama of solving the problem of accounting for intangible assets in Eastern Galicia. The study of this component has the character of theoretical scientific knowledge and is based on literary criticism, based on selected textbooks and scientific works of accountants of the study area. The hypothesis of the study is the assumption of the development of Western Ukrainian scientists in the period declared by the article of certain ideas that can be rationally used to develop modern concepts of accounting for intangible assets. Among the scientific novelty of the article is a proposal on the principles and approaches to writing off the value of intangible assets, as well as methods of accounting for goodwill in the accounting method, substantiated in the past. The study is based on historical-retrospective analysis, and therefore the main methods of historiographic analysis and historicalgenetic method were used.
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    Cross-correlation relationship between intellectual property objects value and its price-forming factors
    (Lviv Politechnic Publishing House, 2019-02-26) Pozdnyakov, Y.; Lapishko, M.; Skybinska, Z.; Ukrainian Appraisers Association (UAA) Member; Lviv Polytechnic National University
    Valuation/appraising of intellectual property rights objects, such as brands and goodwill, using the Costs Approach, is based on different economic indicators of enterprises business activity. These indicators are used as a primary data for market value determination. These indexes are differently related to the cost of brands, and statistical relationship between these parameters researches, indisputably, presents both theoretical and practical interest. Because of the cross-correlation relationship closeness between assets market value and these primary data parameters directly depend estimation results accuracy and reliability. The work is verification of basic hypothesis, in obedience to that at the valuation/appraising procedure performing as primary data may be recommended to use those indicator parameters, which are characterized with the closest statistical relationship and, respectively, the highest crosscorrelation coefficient. We assume that these intangible assets are able to change value characteristics in both directions and change the annual depreciation sign during the separate periods of economic life, made it positive or negative. The purpose of the article is to define the quantitative estimations of cross-correlation coefficients, which determinates statistical relationship closeness between primary data economic parameters in Costs Approach. To analyze the question of selling, general and administrative (SG&A) expenses part choice, which must be attributed to the trademark value; to execute this index optimization. To perform the comparative analysis of cross-correlation relationship between the intellectual property objects value and most widely used price-forming factors. To execute the got results interpretation; to execute the analysis of economic measurements reliability improving possibilities, performed by independent expert appraising/valuation methods, by its accuracy increasing. It means researching and determination the most suitable primary data indexes for the market value and depreciation/obsolescence dynamic time changes indexes of intangible assets special kind, such as trademark and goodwill. The general methodological base of the article is scientific and special for the subject sphere of knowledge methods of scientific cognition. The choice of methodological approaches is conditioned by the specific of the economic measurements which are executed by independent expert appraising/valuation methods. The research is grounded on mathematical simulation and mathematical statistic quantitative methods. Research methodology also envisages generalization of previous publications results from scientifically-research sources and open information reports about the enterprises economic indicators. Base principles of independent expert appraising/valuation made the general methodological basis of the article, in particular - principles of Utility, Substitution and The Highest and of The Best Use. To the certain methods of research belongs the method of cross-correlation analysis and specialized methodologies of optimization with the use of results error minimization criterion. The time value of money theory implementation, in particular, is well-proved for the past periods cash-flows transforming to the modern valuation date, by compounding operation performing. It is set that the closest is statistical relationship between the appraised trademark value indexes and accumulated costs of advertising expenses, which are the part of selling, general and administrative (SG&A) expenses. At brand appraising/valuation procedure is not recommended to apply any accounting book-keeping amortization indexes, as they are not the reliable indicator of Depreciation/Obsolescence. It is educed that these types of the researched assets depreciation sign depends on their information support and development expenses cash flows, invested by owner. It is set that during the period of trademark existence a multiple change of depreciation sign on the separate time periods is possible. It depends on sufficient informative and advertisement support implementation. Certainly the list of these price-forming factors must be taken into account at market value and Depreciation/Obsolescence determination procedure. It is well-proven that this class intangible assets estimation value in general case of normal profitable enterprise activity must be determined with application of increasing market value model with negative Depreciation/Obsolescence.
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    Problems and prospects of reflecting goodwill in accounting system and financial reporting
    (Publishing House of Lviv Polytechnic National University, 2015) Yaremko, I. Yo.; Pylypenko, L. M.; Tyvonchuk, O. I.
    Dynamic development of modern entities in information and knowledge economy is associated with the usage of intangible factors of functioning. It is components of intangible capacity that form information and intellectual resource of the enterprise, determine its competitive position in the market and are the key to efficient operations and the main factor in the formation of its value. However, many components of these informational and intellectual resources often cannot be clearly identified and objectively measured. For this reason, the existing accounting principles provided by almost all systems of standardization, do not imply the recognition and reflection in accounting and financial reporting of significant amount of information and intellectual assets, mainly internally generated. These arguments largely explain the gap between the market and the book capitalization of modern companies, especially high-tech ones.. For public companies whose stocks are quoted on equity markets, the value of unidentifiable intellectual assets (capital) can be set by assessing the value differences determined on the basis of market mechanisms. For other operating entities it is impossible to formalize the internally generated information and intellectual capacity in any way. This is achievable only in cases of merger, acquisition or takeover of a business (the so-called M&A agreements), when the difference between the market value of a business and its book value is taken by the buyer on its balance sheet in the form of goodwill. In fact, goodwill has appeared to be almost the only mechanism of recognizing the value of unidentified information and intellectual assets (capital) in enterprise’s value formalized in public financial reporting. The need for public representation of internally generated information and intellectual capacity of companies determines the timeliness of the research related to modern developments in accounting.