Application of high-entropy alloys in strain sensors

Abstract

This article investigates the physicochemical properties of the high-entropy alloy MoNbTaVW and its potential application in strain gauge sensors for structural health monitoring of composite constructions, particularly wind turbines. The material’s suitability for accurate mechanical tension measurements is analyzed, taking into account its high thermal stability, resistance to corrosion, and tolerance to radiation exposure. It is demonstrated that MoNbTaVW maintains structural integrity at elevated temperatures, outperforming conventional metals commonly used in sensing systems. Special attention is given to the alloy’s compatibility with composite materials such as carbon fiber reinforced polymers (CFRP) and glass fiber reinforced polymers (GFRP), aiming to prevent delamination and minimize residual tensions. The mechanisms are analyzed, by which the alloy’s defect structure influences its electrical resistance, which are critical for the stability of strain gauge sensor performance. The unique crystalline structure of the high-entropy alloy is shown to reduce vacancy migration, ensuring long-term stability of electrical properties. Methods for applying MoNbTaVW as thin-film covering are discussed, with emphasis on their impact on sensor sensitivity. A detailed analysis of magnetron sputtering processes is presented, highlighting the importance of preserving film uniformity and minimizing residual tensions. It is shown that controlling deposition parameters, including working pressure and substrate temperature, significantly affects the electromechanical characteristics of the material. The article also explores calibration techniques for strain gauge sensors, particularly accounting for distortion effects under biaxial loading. It is demonstrated that mathematical models based on the Euler- Bernoulli beam theory can reduce measurement error by providing more accurate tension estimations within the structure. The findings confirm that integrating the MoNbTaVW high-entropy alloy into sensor systems enhances their durability, sensitivity, and operational stability in wind energy applications.