Архітектура національних театрів в Україні як осередків міжкультурного діалогу

Abstract

Окреслено роль осередків національного театрального мистецтва: історичних театральних будівель, будівлі національних громад з універсальними театрально- мистецькими залами та сучасних культурних центрів, які культивують вивчення та розвиток драматичного мистецтва як основи віднайдення та збереження національної ідентичності. А також їх роль у налагодженні конструктивного та толерантного між- культурного діалогу та місце у цьому процесі досліджень та пошукового проектування, які виконують викладачі та студенти Інституту архітектури Львівської політехніки.The article outlines the role played by the centres of national theatre art: historical theatre buildings, national community buildings with universal theatres halls, and contemporary cultural centres that cultivate the study and development of dramatic art as the basis for finding and preserving national identity. And also their role in promoting constructive and tolerant intercultural dialogue. And about a place in this process of research and design, which is performed by professors and students of Institute of Architecture of Lviv Polytechnic National University. The author concluded that contemporary theatre, as well as the theatre of national communities, is gaining new forms and content by merging with other arts and integrating into the environment. Typologically, the most appropriate place for the development of contemporary theatre are multifunctional arts centres, where there is not only a theatre stage, but also a wide nomenclature of other premises that are necessary for its functioning as a national cultural centre. That is why we need to re-create the requirements for a modern comfortable space, the purpose of which is to promote the development of both the theatrical art and the creation of conditions for uniting around it a broad population, united by national, age or professional purposes. That is why we are witnessing how architectural activity in the field of theatrical design is gradually moving away from the traditional construction of theatrical buildings to the specific up-todate design of the architectural environment of the cultural centres. They not only takes into account its ability to be used for theatrical play, but also places qualitatively new aesthetic, functional and functional spatial requirements for the organization of such spaces. Those Centres can become an impetus for regional development; attract resources for the necessary positive transformations in the socio-political life of modern multicultural multinational urban spaces. However, this proves the fact that contemporary theatrical art can serve as a cultural basis for the development of modern Ukraine as a tolerant multicultural European state.