Проектування динамічних гасників коливань

Abstract

Важливим питанням розробки сучасних машин є зменшення вібрації. Традиційні методи віброзахисту часто стають недостатньо ефективними, особливо для такого класу машин, як обприскувачі з великогабаритною штангою, пожежні машини з висотними стрілами, всілякі крани, мобільні бурові установки, а також висотні споруди: вежі, труби, хмарочоси. Ефективним у даному випадку може стати застосування динамічного гасника коливань (ДГК) [1]. Ефективними ДГК можуть бути також у різного типу обертових машинах – від дисководів до насосів та потужних турбоагрегатів. Noise and vibration are of concern with many mechanical systems including industrial machines, home appliances, transportation vehicles, and building structures. Many such structures are comprised of beam and plate like elements. The vibration of beam and plate systems can be reduced by the use of passive damping, once the system parameters have been identified. A tuned mass damper (TMD), or dynamic vibration absorber (DVA),is found to be an efficient, reliable and low-cost suppression device for vibrations caused by harmonic or narrow-band excitations. In TMD design the stiffness and the damping ratio can be determined by balancing the two fixed points in the frequency response, in the case of harmonic excitation, or by minimizing the mean-square response under the random excitation, or by balancing the poles of system. In the classical theory of DVA, the primary structure is modelled as a spring-mass system; however, other models also have high interesting research and engineering application. In particular, the pendulum type system occurring as a model of a solid body with a fixed fulcrum point can play an important role in many fields such as machinery, transportation and civil engineering. The planar pendulum has been used to illustrate many types of structures such as ropeway gondola, crane or ships in waves. The effect of a DVA on a pendulum structure can be very different from that on a spring-mass system. The main aim of this paper is different type dynamic vibration absorbers investigation and optimization. Methods of decomposition and numerical synthesis are considered on the basis of the adaptive schemes. Design of complicated machines and buildings in view of their interaction with system of dynamic vibration absorbers is under discussion.