The genesis and fortification of the castle architecture of the early Middle Ages

dc.citation.epage123
dc.citation.issue2
dc.citation.journalTitleАрхітектурні дослідження
dc.citation.spage111
dc.contributor.affiliationКиргизький державний технічний університет ім. І. Раззакова
dc.contributor.affiliationКиргизький державний технічний університет ім. І. Раззакова
dc.contributor.affiliationКиргизький державний технічний університет ім. І. Раззакова
dc.contributor.affiliationКиргизький національний університет ім. Жусупа Баласагина
dc.contributor.affiliationKyrgyz State Technical University named after I. Razzakov
dc.contributor.affiliationKyrgyz State Technical University named after I. Razzakov
dc.contributor.affiliationKyrgyz State Technical University named after I. Razzakov
dc.contributor.affiliationJusup Balasagyn Kyrgyz National University
dc.contributor.authorВоліченко, Ольга
dc.contributor.authorСьонг, Вей
dc.contributor.authorХуанг, СяоЮ
dc.contributor.authorОрозонова, Азик
dc.contributor.authorVolichenko, Olga
dc.contributor.authorXiong, Wei
dc.contributor.authorHuang, XiaoYu
dc.contributor.authorOrozonova, Azyk
dc.coverage.placenameЛьвів
dc.coverage.placenameLviv
dc.date.accessioned2025-11-12T10:03:55Z
dc.date.created2024-06-07
dc.date.issued2024-06-07
dc.description.abstractЦе дослідження присвячене детальному аналізу генезису і фортифікації замкової архітектури раннього середньовіччя, що охоплює період з V по XI століття. Здійснено великий огляд історичних документів, креслень, праць істориків і звітів археологічних досліджень. Дослідження розглядає архітектурні, соціальні та економічні аспекти замкової архітектури, приділяючи особливу увагу впливу історичних подій на оборонні споруди та змінам, спричиненим інтеграцією будівельних методів із різних культур. Основну увагу приділено вивченню еволюції замків від простих дерев’яних укріплень до потужних кам'яних фортифікацій, а також аналізу будівельних методів, застосованих у різних регіонах. Замкова архітектура раннього середньовіччя запозичила багато елементів із давньоримських і візантійських укріплень, як-от вежі, стіни і ворота. Ці елементи адаптувалися і розвивалися в умовах частих вторгнень і нестабільності, що призвело до створення потужніших і функціональніших фортифікаційних споруд. Замкова архітектура зароджувалася поступово, починаючи з простих укріплень, таких як Римські укріплення Отена, Саксонські бурги, розташування яких зафіксоване в списку Burghal Hidage, складеному в IX столітті. Одними з перших типів замків були Motte та Ringwork або схожі за функцією мотт і бейлі, спершу поширені в Англії та Німеччині, що являли собою укріплення на штучних пагорбах і ділянках землі, оточених ровами й валами, які відігравали важливу роль в укріпленні влади феодалів у XI-XII століттях. Прикладом таких укріплень стали вежа Пеньєрудес у Морсині та замок Каносса. Замок Мальборо у Вессексі, замок Берклі та замок Кастелло Фірміано є важливими пам’ятками фортифікації замкової архітектури V-XI століть, демонструючи більш розвинутий підхід до укріплення, порівняно зі своїми попередниками. Отримані висновки є важливими для аналізу розвитку замкової архітектури та розуміння історичних процесів, що вплинули на її формування
dc.description.abstractThis study was devoted to a detailed analysis of the genesis and fortification of castle architecture of the early Middle Ages, covering the period from the 5th to the 11th century. An extensive review of historical documents, drawings, works of historians, and reports of archaeological research was conducted. The study examines the architectural, social, and economic aspects of castle architecture, paying special attention to the impact of historical events on defensive structures and the changes caused by the integration of construction methods from different cultures. The main attention was paid to the examination of the evolution of castles from simple wooden fortifications to powerful stone ones and the analysis of construction methods used in various regions. The castle architecture of the early Middle Ages borrowed many elements from ancient Roman and Byzantine fortifications, such as towers, walls, and gates. These elements adapted and developed in the face of frequent invasions and instability, which led to the creation of more powerful and functional fortifications. Castle architecture was born gradually, starting with simple fortifications, such as the Roman fortifications of Autun, Saxon burgs, the location of which is recorded in the list of Burghal Hidage, compiled in the 9th century. One of the first types of castles were Motte and Ringwork or similar in function, motte-and-baileys, first common in England and Germany, representing fortifications on artificial hills and plots of land surrounded by moats and ramparts, which played an important role in strengthening the power of the feudal lords in the 11th-12th centuries. Examples of such fortifications are the Peñerudes Tower in Morcina and the Castle of Canossa. Marlborough Castle in Wessex, Berkeley Castle and Castello Firmiano Castle are important monuments of fortification of castle architecture of the 5th-11th centuries, demonstrating a more developed approach to strengthening in comparison with their predecessors. The findings are important for analysing the development of castle architecture and understanding the historical processes that influenced its formation
dc.format.extent111-123
dc.format.pages13
dc.identifier.citationThe genesis and fortification of the castle architecture of the early Middle Ages / Olga Volichenko, Wei Xiong, XiaoYu Huang, Azyk Orozonova // Architectural Studies. — Lviv : Lviv Politechnic Publishing House, 2024. — Vol 10. — No 2. — P. 111–123.
dc.identifier.citation2015The genesis and fortification of the castle architecture of the early Middle Ages / Volichenko O. та ін. // Architectural Studies, Lviv. 2024. Vol 10. No 2. P. 111–123.
dc.identifier.citationenAPAVolichenko, O., Xiong, W., Huang, X., & Orozonova, A. (2024). The genesis and fortification of the castle architecture of the early Middle Ages. Architectural Studies, 10(2), 111-123. Lviv Politechnic Publishing House..
dc.identifier.citationenCHICAGOVolichenko O., Xiong W., Huang X., Orozonova A. (2024) The genesis and fortification of the castle architecture of the early Middle Ages. Architectural Studies (Lviv), vol. 10, no 2, pp. 111-123.
dc.identifier.doi10.56318/as/2.2024.111
dc.identifier.issn2411-801X ; 2786-7374 (e-ISSN)
dc.identifier.urihttps://ena.lpnu.ua/handle/ntb/118764
dc.language.isoen
dc.publisherВидавництво Львівської політехніки
dc.publisherLviv Politechnic Publishing House
dc.relation.ispartofАрхітектурні дослідження, 2 (10), 2024
dc.relation.ispartofArchitectural Studies, 2 (10), 2024
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dc.rights.holder© Національний університет „Львівська політехніка“, 2024
dc.subjectмотт і бейлі
dc.subjectукріплені стіни
dc.subjectоборона
dc.subjectвежі
dc.subjectанглосаксонські бурги
dc.subjectmotte-and-bailey
dc.subjectfortified walls
dc.subjectdefence
dc.subjecttowers
dc.subjectAnglo-Saxon burgs
dc.subject.udc666.973
dc.subject.udc666.189.2
dc.titleThe genesis and fortification of the castle architecture of the early Middle Ages
dc.title.alternativeГенеза та фортифікація замкової архітектури раннього Середньовіччя
dc.typeArticle

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