Analysis of vehicles drive with different characteristics of power supply

Abstract

The characteristics of internal combustion engines (hereinafter referred to as ICE) have the following disadvantages: there is a gap between zero and minimum angular velocity, so it is impossible to move out of a state of rest; the dependence of torque on angular velocity is not ideal. They are corrected by the following converters: the first by a clutch or torque converter, and the second by a gearbox or variator. In addition, the ICE characteristics can be partially close themselves to ideal. Electric motors (here in after referred to as motors) of electric vehicles have an ideal characteristic that starts from scratch and has a large zone with a sustainable maximum power. The addition of the drive with the ICE motor in hybrid electric cars solves these problems. The different characteristics of ICE, motors and converters increase the number of possible configurations that affect the characteristics of the supply of power to the wheels. According to the traction characteristics of the car, the indicators of the traction and speed properties of the car are determined: the ability to overcome climbs, maximum acceleration, maximum speed on a horizontal road, acceleration time to a given speed, etc. The last two indicators depend primarily on the maximum power of ice or motor and are important for supercars, while for conventional cars or electric vehicles with close values of maximum speed and acceleration time to a given speed, they mean nothing. The authors propose to evaluate the efficiency of the drive during acceleration with maximum acceleration of the power utilization factor kN 0–100 – the particles from the division of the average value of the realized power on the wheels in the interval of speeds (0; 100) km/h by the maximum power value on the wheels. The characteristics of ICE and motors are given, traction characteristics in power coordinates are calculated – the speed of movement of cars with typical drive configurations, their power utilization coefficients are determined and appropriate conclusions are made. In the future, it is planned to investigate the use of power in more complex drive systems of hybrid cars with the recovery of braking energy.