Вплив великої лондонської пожежі 1666 року на особливості формування барокового стилю церков в Англії

Abstract

У той час, коли Бароко було домінантним стилем в Італії, в англійській архітектурі XVIIст. усе ще продовжували використовувати класичні форми. Після цього до Англії прийшли Паладіанський та Яківський стилі. Саме стиль Бароко став набув широкого застосування у громадській архітектурі англії лише вкінці XVII – початку XVIII століття. Після Великої пожежі в Лондоні, 5 вересня 1666 року більшість будівель міста були зруйновані, та потребували негайного реконструювання та нового будівництва. Саме ця подія дала найбільший поштовх використанню Барокового стилю у архітектурі Лондона та Англії загалом, а найбільш активно його застосовували при будівництві громадських будічвель, в основному сакраольних об’єктівAt the same time, when Baroque became the dominant style in Italy, in English architecture, in the 17th century architects continued using the Classical forms. After that, in the architecture of England appeared a style called Palladian architecture and Jacobean architecture. The style of Baroque became prevalent just at the end of this century. After the Great Fire of London on the 5th of September, 1666 most of the city's buildings were destroyed. All these constructions had to be restored or built from scratch. The 17th and 18th centuries were a painful period, not only for the history of Britain but also affected religion. London was full of immigrants from the Continent who brought a part of their culture and religion to English culture. So, during that period, there was a problem with the persistence of the leading position of the Anglican Church of England. Through the hard work of the British architects who have fully dedicated themselves to the work, positions were strengthened. 310 years passed since the intensified struggle against the Anglican Church of England and Catholicism with other popular at that time sects. It started with creating the Act establishing the Commission for Building Fifty New Churches in the Cities of London and Westminster and or the Suburbs thereof. The Act was passed because the non-conformist chapels around London were overcrowded with worshipers. In the end, the goal wasn't achieved, just twelve churches were built under the tutelage of the Commissioners. A number of these churches became known as the Queen Anne Churches. However, these churches became the main building of the Baroque Style in London.