Архітектура історичних будівель університету «Львівська політехніка» на ділянці вулиць М. Колесси–М. Коперника

Abstract

Об’єктом дослідження є історичний комплекс забудови на вул. М. Коперника–М. Колесси у Львові. Мета дослідження – розкрити етапи розвитку забудови, виявити цінні об’єкти та сформувати рекомендації щодо збереження і спадкоємних архітектурно-містобудівних перетворень комплексу. Методика дослідження ґрунтується на аналізі картографічних матеріалів та історичних джерел у поєднанні з натурними дослідженнями. Результати дослідження вказують, що комплекс розвивався у три етапи. Найстаріші будівлі зведені наприкінці XVIII ст. Завершено забудову ділянки на початку ХХ ст. Детальне обстеження найстарішої будівлі, наріжного будинку вул. Коперника – Колесси, виявило склепіння у підвалах та стіни першого поверху з XVIII ст. Об’єкт було перебудовано у середині ХІХ ст., коли у ньому розмістили доброчинну християнську установу. Інші старі будівлі комплекси (зокрема, палац Мошинських зі середини XVIII ст.) розібрано наприкінці XIX ст. Історія ділянки пов’язана з іменем Августа Мошинського (відомого як політичний діяч XVIII ст. та архітектор). Забудова комплексу збереглася у доброму стані.

The object of study is the historic building complex on the street. M. Copernicus – M. Kolessa in Lviv. The study aims to reveal the stages of urban development, identification of valuable objects, and the formation of recommendations for the preservation and hereditary architectural transformations of the complex. The research methodology is based on the analysis of cartographic materials and historical sources in combination with field investigation. The results of the study indicate that the complex developed in three stages. The oldest buildings were erected in the late 18th century. Completed construction of the site - in the early 20th century. Detailed inspection of the oldest building – the corner building, Copernicus – Kolessa streets, discovered vaults in basements and walls of the first floor from the 18th century. The building was rebuilt in the middle of the 19th century when it housed a Christian charity. Other old buildings of the complex (in particular, the Moszynski palace from the middle of the 18th century) were dismantled at the end of the 19th century. The history of the site is associated with the name of August Moszynski (who is known as an 18th-century politician and architect). The building of the complex has been preserved in good condition. The results of cartographic analysis and field studies allowed the reconstruction of the stages of development of the site and buildings: Stage 1. The territory of complex, which was located near the monastery of St. Lazarus (arises here at the beginning of the seventeenth century), began to be developed in the middle of the 18th century. There are several noble courts here. It is noted that in 1770, the corner of the quarter belongs to the crown of Augustus Frederick Moszynski. Noble has a palace with a regular garden here. The palace building was located in the middle of the site on a high platform. The palace existed until the beginning of the twentieth century. Its architecture can be judged only by the configuration of the map layout and a small fragment of the house, which fell into the frame of the photographer in the late 19th century. It was an object of Baroque architecture. Stage 2. The development of the site is associated with a change in its function, which occurred around the 1820s. By order of the Austrian authorities, the complex of houses, including the palace, was given to the city power for the establishment here of an institution for the poor burghers of the Christian denomination. The institution exists here before the Second World War. Stage 3. The third stage of development of the site takes place between 1910 and 1916 when the palace building was demolished and three more buildings were erected on the side of Copernicus street. This created the front of a five-story building of five houses, a respectable facade for Copernicus Street. The corner building of the complex was the focus of a special study. We have discovered the authentic substance of the building from the 18th century. A spot was found on the facade, where in the past there was a sculptural figure of St. Honorata. According to our hypothesis, the famous sculptor Piter Oitele (1815–1881) was the author of this sculpture. Survey results indicate that the property is a valuable building and can be entered in the register of landmarks. Certain elements of the object (basements, vaults, joinery, sculpture on the facade) must be rebuilt and restored.