Механізми апробації архітектурних утопій в екологічних антиутопіях науково-фантастичних фільмів XX – початку XXI століть

Abstract

У статті розглянуто взаємозв’язок архітектурних кінематографічних образів і соціально-культурних підтекстів у межах взаємодії між авангардними архітектурними експериментами на тему екології та соціальним феноменом, який можна описати терміном “сталий розвиток”. The article discusses the relationship of architectural cinematic images and sociocultural subtexts in the interaction between the avant-garde architectural experiments on ecology and social phenomenon that can be described by the term “sustainable development”. Changing of the social consciousness forced architects to reflect on the themes of respect for nature and its resources, the harmonious coexistence of man with his daily needs within a sustainable, global ecosystem. It should be noted that environmental dystopia is one of the most beloved stories in science fiction films of the second half of XX – beginning of XXI century. One could argue that cinematic ecodystopia first discovered and formulated for a wide audience the issue of sustainable development and the organization of living environment of human habitation. This article will study the most remarkable science fiction films of this period also, we will try to identify the main techniques and mechanisms for the implementation and interaction of the utopian architecture with the basic cultural layers and the subsequent migration of cinematographic techniques “cine architecture” into a real architectural practice. In the article several mechanisms are described. Such as testing avant-garde architectural projects in the plot of the movie. An abandoned town in “Logan's Escape” (1976) M. Anderson – as an allegory of the eco-city. Using architectural images in “Avatar” (2009) J. Cameron and “WALL-E” (2008) E. Stanton to enhance the perception of the movie’s storyline. Cases study show clearly that some architectural utopias proven in the film, were later used in a real architecture, so the cinema was an “experimental site” for verification avant-garde architectural theories. Such kind of testing architectural ideas inside the film allows to test attitudes of society, to understand better all pros and cons, to simulate them on the screen, and only then to decide whether or not to implement them in the real architectural practice.