Evaluating the efficiency of a parcel locker network: a case study of variable demand and storage duration in Pardubice city
dc.citation.epage | 13 | |
dc.citation.issue | 1 | |
dc.citation.spage | 1 | |
dc.citation.volume | 6 | |
dc.contributor.affiliation | University of Pardubice | |
dc.contributor.author | Jovčić, Stefan | |
dc.contributor.author | Bauer, Libor | |
dc.coverage.placename | Львів | |
dc.coverage.placename | Lviv | |
dc.date.accessioned | 2025-07-23T06:57:30Z | |
dc.date.created | 2025-02-28 | |
dc.date.issued | 2025-02-28 | |
dc.description.abstract | Доставка останньої милі є останнім елементом у ланцюзі постачання. Вона відіграє ключову роль у процесах міської логістики, зокрема, пов’язаних із ефективним та екологічним перевезенням товарів у межах міст. Зростання електронної комерції, потреба мінімізації екологічного впливу перевезень та збільшення попиту на ефективну доставку вимагають пошуку варіантів, альтернативних до традиційної доставки додому. Численні дослідження підтверджують, що використання мережі поштоматів допомагає оптимізувати перевезення та знизити логістичні витрати. Цей метод простий у впровадженні, хоча й потребує додаткових інвестицій у поштомати та підтримки від споживачів служб доставок. У цьому дослідженні вивчено роботу мережі поштоматів в умовах, за яких користувачі мають три дні для того, щоб забрати свої посилки після їх доставки, з урахуванням змінного попиту на доставку до поштоматів залежно від дня тижня. Наповненість поштоматів розраховували для різних сценаріїв поведінки користувачів, зокрема для випадків, коли різна частка одержувачів забирали свої посилки на перший або другий день після доставки. Розрахунки виконано на основі даних з Пардубіце, Чеська Республіка (місто з населенням 92362 осіб). Результати показали, що якщо значна частка споживачів відкладає отримання посилки, то пропускна здатність мережі поштоматів може зменшуватися, що призводитиме до затримок у доставці. Ці результати можна використати для вдосконалення управління мережею поштоматів та підвищення ефективності логістики останньої милі. Щоб вирішити проблему недостатньої пропускної здатності, потенційні рішення передбачають обмеження часу зберігання посилок замість негайного розширення мережі поштоматів. Проте необхідні подальші дослідження та відгуки користувачів для підтвердження такого підходу. | |
dc.description.abstract | Last-mile delivery is the last element of the supply chain. It plays a key role in urban logistics processes related to the efficient and environmentally friendly transportation of goods within an urban area. The growth of e-commerce, the need to minimize the environmental impact of transportation, and the increasing demand for efficient delivery services require alternatives to traditional home delivery. Numerous studies suggest that the use of parcel locker networks helps optimize transportation and reduce logistics costs. This method is simple to implement, although it requires additional investment in parcel lockers and support from delivery service customers. This study examines the operation of a parcel locker network under conditions where users have up to three days to collect their parcels after delivery, considering variable demand for parcel locker deliveries depending on the day of the week. Locker occupancy was calculated for different user behavior scenarios, particularly cases where different shares of recipients pick up their parcels on the first or second day after delivery. The calculations were based on data from Pardubice, Czech Republic (a city with a population of 92362 inhabitants). The findings indicate that if a significant share of consumers delays the parcel collection, the existing network may not be sufficient, leading to delivery bottlenecks. The findings can be used to improve parcel locker network management and enhance last-mile logistics efficiency. To address capacity shortages, potential solutions include limiting parcel storage time instead of immediately expanding locker networks. However, further research and user feedback are needed to validate this approach. | |
dc.format.extent | 1-13 | |
dc.format.pages | 13 | |
dc.identifier.citation | Jovčić S. Evaluating the efficiency of a parcel locker network: a case study of variable demand and storage duration in Pardubice city / Stefan Jovčić, Libor Bauer // Transport Technologies. — Lviv : Lviv Politechnic Publishing House, 2025. — Vol 6. — No 1. — P. 1–13. | |
dc.identifier.citationen | Jovčić S. Evaluating the efficiency of a parcel locker network: a case study of variable demand and storage duration in Pardubice city / Stefan Jovčić, Libor Bauer // Transport Technologies. — Lviv : Lviv Politechnic Publishing House, 2025. — Vol 6. — No 1. — P. 1–13. | |
dc.identifier.doi | doi.org/10.23939/tt2025.01.001 | |
dc.identifier.uri | https://ena.lpnu.ua/handle/ntb/111499 | |
dc.language.iso | en | |
dc.publisher | Видавництво Львівської політехніки | |
dc.publisher | Lviv Politechnic Publishing House | |
dc.relation.ispartof | Transport Technologies, 1 (6), 2025 | |
dc.relation.references | 1. Statista.com. Global parcel shipping volume between 2013 and 2027. Retrieved from: https://www.statista.com/statistics/1139910/parcel-shipping-volume-worldwide/ (in English). | |
dc.relation.references | 2. Boysen, N., Fedtke, S., & Schwerdfeger, S. (2021). Last-mile delivery concepts: a survey from an operational research perspective. Or Spectrum, 43(1), 1–58. DOI: 10.1007/s00291-020-00607-8 (in English). | |
dc.relation.references | 3. Statista.com. Share of last-mile delivery costs out of total shipping costs in 2018 and 2023. Retrieved from: https://www.statista.com/statistics/1434298/last-mile-share-of-total-shipping-costs/ (in English). | |
dc.relation.references | 4. Orenstein, I., Raviv, T., & Sadan, E. (2019). Flexible parcel delivery to automated parcel lockers: models, solution methods and analysis. EURO Journal on Transportation and Logistics, 8(5), 683–711. DOI: 10.1007/s13676-019-00144-7 (in English). | |
dc.relation.references | 5. Molin, E., Kosicki, M., & Van Duin, R. (2022). Consumer preferences for parcel delivery methods: the potential of parcel locker use in the Netherlands. European Journal of Transport and Infrastructure Research, 22(2), 183–200. DOI: 10.18757/ejtir.2022.22.2.6427 (in English). | |
dc.relation.references | 6. World Economic Forum. Transforming Urban Logistics: Sustainable and Efficient Last-Mile Delivery in Cities. (2024) Retrieved from: https://reports.weforum.org/docs/WEF_Transforming_Urban_Logistics_2024.pdf (in English). | |
dc.relation.references | 7. Kahr, M. (2022). Determining locations and layouts for parcel lockers to support supply chain viability at the last mile. Omega, 113, 102721. DOI: 10.1016/j.omega.2022.102721 (in English). | |
dc.relation.references | 8. Statista.com. Courier, express and parcel (CEP) market volume in Czechia from 2014 to 2024. Retrieved from: https://www.statista.com/statistics/1219793/courier-express-parcel-market-volume-czechia/ (in English). | |
dc.relation.references | 9. Rai, H. B., Verlinde, S., & Macharis, C. (2021). Unlocking the failed delivery problem? Opportunities and challenges for smart locks from a consumer perspective. Research in Transportation Economics, 87, 100753. DOI: 10.1016/j.retrec.2019.100753 (in English). | |
dc.relation.references | 10. Statista.com. Where do you prefer to have your packages delivered to? Retrieved from: https://www.statista.com/statistics/1375127/czechia-package-delivery-locations/ (in English). | |
dc.relation.references | 11. Understanding the European online shopper (and how to make them buy)/ (2022). Retrieved from: https://www.dhl.com/content/dam/dhl/local/global/dhl-ecommerce/documents/pdf/g0-parcelconnect-dhlonline-shopper-report-2022-ebook.pdf (in English). | |
dc.relation.references | 12. Delivery and Returns Report 2024. Retrieved from: https://www.dhl.com/content/dam/dhl/local/global/dhlecommerce/documents/pdf/g0-ecs-insights-delivery-and-returns-report.pdf (in English). | |
dc.relation.references | 13. Pan, S., Zhang, L., Thompson, R. G., & Ghaderi, H. (2021). A parcel network flow approach for joint delivery networks using parcel lockers. International Journal of Production Research, 59(7), 2090–2115. DOI: 10.1080/00207543.2020.1856440 (in English). | |
dc.relation.references | 14. Luo, R., Ji, S., & Ji, Y. (2022). An active-learning Pareto evolutionary algorithm for parcel locker network design considering accessibility of customers. Computers & Operations Research, 141, 105677. DOI: 10.1016/j.cor.2021.105677 (in English). | |
dc.relation.references | 15. Lin, Y. H., Wang, Y., He, D., & Lee, L. H. (2020). Last-mile delivery: Optimal locker location under multinomial logit choice model. Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review, 142, 102059. DOI: 10.1016/j.tre.2020.102059 (in English). | |
dc.relation.references | 16. Che, Z. H., Chiang, T. A., & Luo, Y. J. (2022). Multiobjective optimization for planning the service areas of smart parcel locker facilities in logistics last mile delivery. Mathematics, 10(3), 422. DOI: 10.3390/math10030422 (in English). | |
dc.relation.references | 17. Schwerdfeger, S., & Boysen, N. (2022). Who moves the locker? A benchmark study of alternative mobile parcel locker concepts. Transportation Research Part C: Emerging Technologies, 142, 103780. DOI: 10.1016/j.trc.2022.103780 (in English). | |
dc.relation.references | 18. Schnieder, M., Hinde, C., & West, A. (2021). Combining parcel lockers with staffed collection and delivery points: An optimization case study using real parcel delivery data (London, UK). Journal of Open Innovation: Technology, Market, and Complexity, 7(3), 183. DOI: 10.3390/joitmc7030183 (in English). | |
dc.relation.references | 19. van Duin, J. R., Wiegmans, B. W., van Arem, B., & van Amstel, Y. (2020). From home delivery to parcel lockers: A case study in Amsterdam. Transportation Research Procedia. 46. 37–44. DOI: 10.1016/j.trpro.2020.03.161 (in English). | |
dc.relation.references | 20. Hofer, K., Flucher, S., Fellendorf, M., Schadler, M., & Hafner, N. (2020). Estimation of changes in customer‟s mobility behaviour by the use of parcel lockers. Transportation Research Procedia, 47, 425–432. DOI: 10.1016/j.trpro.2020.03.118 (in English). | |
dc.relation.references | 21. Mitrea, I. A., Zenezini, G., De Marco, A., Ottaviani, F. M., Delmastro, T., & Botta, C. (2020, July). Estimating e-consumers' attitude towards parcel locker usage. In 2020 IEEE 44th Annual Computers, Software, and Applications Conference (COMPSAC) (pp. 1731–1736). DOI: 10.1109/COMPSAC48688.2020.000-5 (in English). | |
dc.relation.references | 22. Kim, W., & Wang, X. C. (2022). The adoption of alternative delivery locations in New York City: Who and how far?. Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, 158, 127–140. DOI: 10.1016/j.tra.2022.02.006 (in English). | |
dc.relation.references | 23. An, H. S., Park, A., Song, J. M., & Chung, C. (2022). Consumers‟ adoption of parcel locker service: protection and technology perspectives. Cogent Business & Management, 9(1), 2144096. DOI: 10.1080/23311975.2022.2144096 (in English). | |
dc.relation.references | 24. Ranjbari, A., Diehl, C., Dalla Chiara, G., & Goodchild, A. (2023). Do parcel lockers reduce delivery times? Evidence from the field. Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review, 172, 103070. DOI: 10.1016/j.tre.2023.103070 (in English). | |
dc.relation.references | 25. Cieśla, M. (2023). Perceived importance and quality attributes of automated parcel locker services in urban areas. Smart Cities, 6(5), 2661–2679. DOI: 10.3390/smartcities6050120 (in English). | |
dc.relation.references | 26. Ozyavas, P., Buijs, P., Ursavas, E., & Teunter, R. (2025). Designing a sustainable delivery network with parcel locker systems as collection and transfer points. Omega, 131, 103199. DOI: 10.1016/j.omega.2024.103199 (in English). | |
dc.relation.references | 27. Pivtorak, H., Svadlenka, L. (2025). Using public transport system for sustainable urban freight delivery. University of Pardubice (in English). | |
dc.relation.referencesen | 1. Statista.com. Global parcel shipping volume between 2013 and 2027. Retrieved from: https://www.statista.com/statistics/1139910/parcel-shipping-volume-worldwide/ (in English). | |
dc.relation.referencesen | 2. Boysen, N., Fedtke, S., & Schwerdfeger, S. (2021). Last-mile delivery concepts: a survey from an operational research perspective. Or Spectrum, 43(1), 1–58. DOI: 10.1007/s00291-020-00607-8 (in English). | |
dc.relation.referencesen | 3. Statista.com. Share of last-mile delivery costs out of total shipping costs in 2018 and 2023. Retrieved from: https://www.statista.com/statistics/1434298/last-mile-share-of-total-shipping-costs/ (in English). | |
dc.relation.referencesen | 4. Orenstein, I., Raviv, T., & Sadan, E. (2019). Flexible parcel delivery to automated parcel lockers: models, solution methods and analysis. EURO Journal on Transportation and Logistics, 8(5), 683–711. DOI: 10.1007/s13676-019-00144-7 (in English). | |
dc.relation.referencesen | 5. Molin, E., Kosicki, M., & Van Duin, R. (2022). Consumer preferences for parcel delivery methods: the potential of parcel locker use in the Netherlands. European Journal of Transport and Infrastructure Research, 22(2), 183–200. DOI: 10.18757/ejtir.2022.22.2.6427 (in English). | |
dc.relation.referencesen | 6. World Economic Forum. Transforming Urban Logistics: Sustainable and Efficient Last-Mile Delivery in Cities. (2024) Retrieved from: https://reports.weforum.org/docs/WEF_Transforming_Urban_Logistics_2024.pdf (in English). | |
dc.relation.referencesen | 7. Kahr, M. (2022). Determining locations and layouts for parcel lockers to support supply chain viability at the last mile. Omega, 113, 102721. DOI: 10.1016/j.omega.2022.102721 (in English). | |
dc.relation.referencesen | 8. Statista.com. Courier, express and parcel (CEP) market volume in Czechia from 2014 to 2024. Retrieved from: https://www.statista.com/statistics/1219793/courier-express-parcel-market-volume-czechia/ (in English). | |
dc.relation.referencesen | 9. Rai, H. B., Verlinde, S., & Macharis, C. (2021). Unlocking the failed delivery problem? Opportunities and challenges for smart locks from a consumer perspective. Research in Transportation Economics, 87, 100753. DOI: 10.1016/j.retrec.2019.100753 (in English). | |
dc.relation.referencesen | 10. Statista.com. Where do you prefer to have your packages delivered to? Retrieved from: https://www.statista.com/statistics/1375127/czechia-package-delivery-locations/ (in English). | |
dc.relation.referencesen | 11. Understanding the European online shopper (and how to make them buy)/ (2022). Retrieved from: https://www.dhl.com/content/dam/dhl/local/global/dhl-ecommerce/documents/pdf/g0-parcelconnect-dhlonline-shopper-report-2022-ebook.pdf (in English). | |
dc.relation.referencesen | 12. Delivery and Returns Report 2024. Retrieved from: https://www.dhl.com/content/dam/dhl/local/global/dhlecommerce/documents/pdf/g0-ecs-insights-delivery-and-returns-report.pdf (in English). | |
dc.relation.referencesen | 13. Pan, S., Zhang, L., Thompson, R. G., & Ghaderi, H. (2021). A parcel network flow approach for joint delivery networks using parcel lockers. International Journal of Production Research, 59(7), 2090–2115. DOI: 10.1080/00207543.2020.1856440 (in English). | |
dc.relation.referencesen | 14. Luo, R., Ji, S., & Ji, Y. (2022). An active-learning Pareto evolutionary algorithm for parcel locker network design considering accessibility of customers. Computers & Operations Research, 141, 105677. DOI: 10.1016/j.cor.2021.105677 (in English). | |
dc.relation.referencesen | 15. Lin, Y. H., Wang, Y., He, D., & Lee, L. H. (2020). Last-mile delivery: Optimal locker location under multinomial logit choice model. Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review, 142, 102059. DOI: 10.1016/j.tre.2020.102059 (in English). | |
dc.relation.referencesen | 16. Che, Z. H., Chiang, T. A., & Luo, Y. J. (2022). Multiobjective optimization for planning the service areas of smart parcel locker facilities in logistics last mile delivery. Mathematics, 10(3), 422. DOI: 10.3390/math10030422 (in English). | |
dc.relation.referencesen | 17. Schwerdfeger, S., & Boysen, N. (2022). Who moves the locker? A benchmark study of alternative mobile parcel locker concepts. Transportation Research Part C: Emerging Technologies, 142, 103780. DOI: 10.1016/j.trc.2022.103780 (in English). | |
dc.relation.referencesen | 18. Schnieder, M., Hinde, C., & West, A. (2021). Combining parcel lockers with staffed collection and delivery points: An optimization case study using real parcel delivery data (London, UK). Journal of Open Innovation: Technology, Market, and Complexity, 7(3), 183. DOI: 10.3390/joitmc7030183 (in English). | |
dc.relation.referencesen | 19. van Duin, J. R., Wiegmans, B. W., van Arem, B., & van Amstel, Y. (2020). From home delivery to parcel lockers: A case study in Amsterdam. Transportation Research Procedia. 46. 37–44. DOI: 10.1016/j.trpro.2020.03.161 (in English). | |
dc.relation.referencesen | 20. Hofer, K., Flucher, S., Fellendorf, M., Schadler, M., & Hafner, N. (2020). Estimation of changes in customer‟s mobility behaviour by the use of parcel lockers. Transportation Research Procedia, 47, 425–432. DOI: 10.1016/j.trpro.2020.03.118 (in English). | |
dc.relation.referencesen | 21. Mitrea, I. A., Zenezini, G., De Marco, A., Ottaviani, F. M., Delmastro, T., & Botta, C. (2020, July). Estimating e-consumers' attitude towards parcel locker usage. In 2020 IEEE 44th Annual Computers, Software, and Applications Conference (COMPSAC) (pp. 1731–1736). DOI: 10.1109/COMPSAC48688.2020.000-5 (in English). | |
dc.relation.referencesen | 22. Kim, W., & Wang, X. C. (2022). The adoption of alternative delivery locations in New York City: Who and how far?. Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, 158, 127–140. DOI: 10.1016/j.tra.2022.02.006 (in English). | |
dc.relation.referencesen | 23. An, H. S., Park, A., Song, J. M., & Chung, C. (2022). Consumers‟ adoption of parcel locker service: protection and technology perspectives. Cogent Business & Management, 9(1), 2144096. DOI: 10.1080/23311975.2022.2144096 (in English). | |
dc.relation.referencesen | 24. Ranjbari, A., Diehl, C., Dalla Chiara, G., & Goodchild, A. (2023). Do parcel lockers reduce delivery times? Evidence from the field. Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review, 172, 103070. DOI: 10.1016/j.tre.2023.103070 (in English). | |
dc.relation.referencesen | 25. Cieśla, M. (2023). Perceived importance and quality attributes of automated parcel locker services in urban areas. Smart Cities, 6(5), 2661–2679. DOI: 10.3390/smartcities6050120 (in English). | |
dc.relation.referencesen | 26. Ozyavas, P., Buijs, P., Ursavas, E., & Teunter, R. (2025). Designing a sustainable delivery network with parcel locker systems as collection and transfer points. Omega, 131, 103199. DOI: 10.1016/j.omega.2024.103199 (in English). | |
dc.relation.referencesen | 27. Pivtorak, H., Svadlenka, L. (2025). Using public transport system for sustainable urban freight delivery. University of Pardubice (in English). | |
dc.relation.uri | https://www.statista.com/statistics/1139910/parcel-shipping-volume-worldwide/ | |
dc.relation.uri | https://www.statista.com/statistics/1434298/last-mile-share-of-total-shipping-costs/ | |
dc.relation.uri | https://reports.weforum.org/docs/WEF_Transforming_Urban_Logistics_2024.pdf | |
dc.relation.uri | https://www.statista.com/statistics/1219793/courier-express-parcel-market-volume-czechia/ | |
dc.relation.uri | https://www.statista.com/statistics/1375127/czechia-package-delivery-locations/ | |
dc.relation.uri | https://www.dhl.com/content/dam/dhl/local/global/dhl-ecommerce/documents/pdf/g0-parcelconnect-dhlonline-shopper-report-2022-ebook.pdf | |
dc.relation.uri | https://www.dhl.com/content/dam/dhl/local/global/dhlecommerce/documents/pdf/g0-ecs-insights-delivery-and-returns-report.pdf | |
dc.rights.holder | © Національний університет “Львівська політехніка”, 2025 | |
dc.rights.holder | © Jovčić S., Bauer L., 2025 | |
dc.subject | доставка останньої милі | |
dc.subject | поштомат | |
dc.subject | потік посилок | |
dc.subject | моделювання | |
dc.subject | last-mile delivery | |
dc.subject | parcel locker | |
dc.subject | parcel flow | |
dc.subject | modeling | |
dc.title | Evaluating the efficiency of a parcel locker network: a case study of variable demand and storage duration in Pardubice city | |
dc.title.alternative | Оцінка ефективності мережі поштоматів: тематичне дослідження у місті Пардубіце при змінному попиті на доставку посилок та тривалості зберігання | |
dc.type | Article |
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