Air flow dynamics in the cabin of a low-entry city bus

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dc.citation.epage94
dc.citation.issue4
dc.citation.journalTitleУкраїнський журнал із машинобудування і матеріалознавства
dc.citation.spage86
dc.contributor.affiliationKhmelnytsky National University
dc.contributor.affiliationLviv Polytechnic National University
dc.contributor.authorGolenko, Konstantyn
dc.contributor.authorVozniak, Orest
dc.contributor.authorVikovych, Ihor
dc.contributor.authorKotsiumbas, Oleh
dc.contributor.authorYakovenko, Yevheniia
dc.contributor.authorDrach, Ilona
dc.coverage.placenameЛьвів
dc.coverage.placenameLviv
dc.date.accessioned2025-11-14T09:28:09Z
dc.date.created2024-02-27
dc.date.issued2024-02-27
dc.description.abstractThe paper investigates the dynamics of air flows in the cabin of a low-entry city bus to improve passenger comfort and energy efficiency. The modeling was performed by CFD analysis in Ansys Fluent using the Mercedes-Benz Citaro Hybrid cabin model. Under winter conditions (flow inlet temperature – 27 °C, bus body walls – 0 °C), the maximum flow velocity reached 3.69 m/s in the doorway area, while insufficient ventilation was found in the front and rear parts of the cabin (velocity <0.8 m/s). It is recommended to introduce multi-flow ventilation with optimization of air supply angles by diffusers, as well as additional flows in the floor area to heat passengers' feet in winter (temperature < 290 K). The results obtained allow us to formulate effective solutions to improve the cabin microclimate and reduce discomfort zones.
dc.format.extent86-94
dc.format.pages9
dc.identifier.citationAir flow dynamics in the cabin of a low-entry city bus / Golenko Konstantyn, Vozniak Orest, Vikovych Ihor, Kotsiumbas Oleh, Yakovenko Yevheniia, Drach Ilona // Ukrainian Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science. — Lviv : Lviv Politechnic Publishing House, 2024. — Vol 10. — No 4. — P. 86–94.
dc.identifier.citationenAir flow dynamics in the cabin of a low-entry city bus / Golenko Konstantyn, Vozniak Orest, Vikovych Ihor, Kotsiumbas Oleh, Yakovenko Yevheniia, Drach Ilona // Ukrainian Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science. — Lviv : Lviv Politechnic Publishing House, 2024. — Vol 10. — No 4. — P. 86–94.
dc.identifier.doidoi.org/10.23939/ujmems2024.04.086
dc.identifier.urihttps://ena.lpnu.ua/handle/ntb/119287
dc.language.isoen
dc.publisherВидавництво Львівської політехніки
dc.publisherLviv Politechnic Publishing House
dc.relation.ispartofУкраїнський журнал із машинобудування і матеріалознавства, 4 (10), 2024
dc.relation.ispartofUkrainian Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, 4 (10), 2024
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dc.relation.references9. Qiqi Luo, Xia Yang, Jian Hang, Xiaodan Fan, Zhiwen Luo, Zhongli Gu, Cuiyun Ou, Influence of natural ventilation design on the dispersion of pathogen-laden droplets in a coach bus, Science of The Total Environment, Volume 885, 2023, 163827, ISSN 0048-9697, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.163827.
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dc.relation.references11. M. Van Dyke, B. King, E. Esswein, J. Adgate, M. Dally & M. Kosnett. Investigating dilution ventilation control strategies in a modern U.S. school bus in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. Journal of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene Volume 19, 2022 - Issue 5: Covid Control Case Studies. Pages 271-280. https://doi.org/10.1080/15459624.2022.2050739
dc.relation.references12. Shafie, Noor & Mohamed Kamar, Haslinda & Kamsah, Nazri. (2015). Effects of ventilation setups on air flow velocity and temperature fields in bus passenger compartment. (2015). Jurnal Teknologi (Sciences & Engineering), 77(30). https://doi.org/10.11113/jt.v77.6867
dc.relation.references13. Anu Shrestha, Narayan Babu Dhital, In-vehicle air quality in public buses during real-world trips in Kathmandu Valley, Nepal, Environmental Challenges, Volume 17, 2024, 101054, ISSN 2667-0100, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envc.2024.101054.
dc.relation.references14. Santiago F. Corzo, Damian E. Ramajo, Sergio R. Idelsohn, Study of ventilation and virus propagation in an urban bus induced by the HVAC and by opening of windows, Computer Methods in Applied Mechanics and Engineering, Volume 401, Part A, 2022, 115387, ISSN 0045-7825, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cma.2022.115387.
dc.relation.references15. Yoshiki MAKIHIRA, Yukihiko OKUMURA, Ventilation design of tour buses for suppressing airborne transmission and highly efficient virus elimination in post COVID-19 period, Mechanical Engineering Journal, 2024, Volume 11, Issue 1, Pages 23-00523, Released on J-STAGE February 15, 2024, Advance online publication February 05, 2024, Online ISSN 2187-9745, https://doi.org/10.1299/mej.23-00523, https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/mej/11/1/11_23-00523/_article/-char/en.
dc.relation.references16. Kernytskyy, I.; Yakovenko,Y.; Horbay, O.; Ryviuk, M.;Humenyuk, R.; Sholudko, Y.;Voichyshyn, Y.; Mazur, Ł.; Osi'nski, P.;Rusakov, K.; et al. Development of Comfort and Safety Performance of Passenger Seats in Large City Buses. Energies 2021,14, 7471, ISSN: 1996-1073, https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/14/22/7471
dc.relation.references17. Yakovenko. E., Voichyshyn Y., Horbay O. Analysis of thermal comfort models of users of public urban and intercity transport // Ukrainian Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science. - 2022. - Vol. 8, №2. - P. 67-74, ISSN: 2415-7236, https://doi.org/10.23939/ujmems
dc.relation.referencesen1. Yao, H.; Xing, M.; Song, H.; Zhang, Y.; Luo, S.; Bai, Z. The Impact of Different Ventilation Conditions on Electric Bus Fires. Fire 2024, 7, 182. https://doi.org/10.3390/fire7060182
dc.relation.referencesen2. Scungio, M.; Parlani, G.; Buonanno, G.; Stabile, L. CFD Evaluation of Respiratory Particle Dispersion and Associated Infection Risk in a Coach Bus with Different Ventilation Configurations. Atmosphere 2024, 15, 1316. https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos15111316
dc.relation.referencesen3. Qiqi Luo, Cuiyun Ou, Jian Hang, Zhiwen Luo, Hongyu Yang, Xia Yang, Xuelin Zhang, Yuguo Li, Xiaodan Fan, Role of pathogen-laden expiratory droplet dispersion and natural ventilation explaining a COVID-19 outbreak in a coach bus, Building and Environment, Volume 220, 2022, 109160, ISSN 0360-1323, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2022.109160.
dc.relation.referencesen4. Cuiyun Ou, Shixiong Hu, Kaiwei Luo, Hongyu Yang, Jian Hang, Pan Cheng, Zheng Hai, Shanliang Xiao, Hua Qian, Shenglan Xiao, Xinping Jing, Zhengshen Xie, Hong Ling, Li Liu, Lidong Gao, Qihong Deng, Benjamin J. Cowling, Yuguo Li, Insufficient ventilation led to a probable long-range airborne transmission of SARS-CoV-2 on two buses, Building and Environment, Volume 207, Part A, 2022, 108414, ISSN 0360-1323, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2021.108414.
dc.relation.referencesen5. Scungio, M.; Parlani, G.; Falcucci, G. Influence of the ventilation strategy on the respiratory droplets dispersion inside a coach bus: CFD approach. J. Phys. Conf. Ser. 2022, 2385, 012094. https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2385/1/012094
dc.relation.referencesen6. M. Bertone, A. Mikszewski, L. Stabile, G. Riccio, G. Cortellessa, F.R. d'Ambrosio, V. Papa, L. Morawska, G. Buonanno, Assessment of SARS-CoV-2 airborne infection transmission risk in public buses, Geoscience Frontiers, Volume 13, Issue 6, 2022, 101398, ISSN 1674-9871, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gsf.2022.101398.
dc.relation.referencesen7. Pirouz, B.; Mazzeo, D.; Palermo, S.A.; Naghib, S.N.; Turco, M.; Piro, P. CFD Investigation of Vehicle's Ventilation Systems and Analysis of ACH in Typical Airplanes, Cars, and Buses. Sustainability 2021, 13, 6799. https://doi.org/10.3390/su13126799
dc.relation.referencesen8. Dan Mei, Wenzhu Duan, Yao Li, Jiaqian Li, Wangsheng Chen, Evaluating risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection of the elderly in the public bus under personalized air supply, Sustainable Cities and Society, Volume 84, 2022, 104011, ISSN 2210-6707, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scs.2022.104011.
dc.relation.referencesen9. Qiqi Luo, Xia Yang, Jian Hang, Xiaodan Fan, Zhiwen Luo, Zhongli Gu, Cuiyun Ou, Influence of natural ventilation design on the dispersion of pathogen-laden droplets in a coach bus, Science of The Total Environment, Volume 885, 2023, 163827, ISSN 0048-9697, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.163827.
dc.relation.referencesen10. Mauro Scungio et al Influence of the ventilation strategy on the respiratory droplets dispersion inside a coach bus: CFD approach. 2022 J. Phys., Conf. Ser. 2385 012094DOI 10.1088/1742-6596/2385/1/012094 https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2385/1/012094
dc.relation.referencesen11. M. Van Dyke, B. King, E. Esswein, J. Adgate, M. Dally & M. Kosnett. Investigating dilution ventilation control strategies in a modern U.S. school bus in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. Journal of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene Volume 19, 2022 - Issue 5: Covid Control Case Studies. Pages 271-280. https://doi.org/10.1080/15459624.2022.2050739
dc.relation.referencesen12. Shafie, Noor & Mohamed Kamar, Haslinda & Kamsah, Nazri. (2015). Effects of ventilation setups on air flow velocity and temperature fields in bus passenger compartment. (2015). Jurnal Teknologi (Sciences & Engineering), 77(30). https://doi.org/10.11113/jt.v77.6867
dc.relation.referencesen13. Anu Shrestha, Narayan Babu Dhital, In-vehicle air quality in public buses during real-world trips in Kathmandu Valley, Nepal, Environmental Challenges, Volume 17, 2024, 101054, ISSN 2667-0100, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envc.2024.101054.
dc.relation.referencesen14. Santiago F. Corzo, Damian E. Ramajo, Sergio R. Idelsohn, Study of ventilation and virus propagation in an urban bus induced by the HVAC and by opening of windows, Computer Methods in Applied Mechanics and Engineering, Volume 401, Part A, 2022, 115387, ISSN 0045-7825, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cma.2022.115387.
dc.relation.referencesen15. Yoshiki MAKIHIRA, Yukihiko OKUMURA, Ventilation design of tour buses for suppressing airborne transmission and highly efficient virus elimination in post COVID-19 period, Mechanical Engineering Journal, 2024, Volume 11, Issue 1, Pages 23-00523, Released on J-STAGE February 15, 2024, Advance online publication February 05, 2024, Online ISSN 2187-9745, https://doi.org/10.1299/mej.23-00523, https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/mej/11/1/11_23-00523/_article/-char/en.
dc.relation.referencesen16. Kernytskyy, I.; Yakovenko,Y.; Horbay, O.; Ryviuk, M.;Humenyuk, R.; Sholudko, Y.;Voichyshyn, Y.; Mazur, Ł.; Osi'nski, P.;Rusakov, K.; et al. Development of Comfort and Safety Performance of Passenger Seats in Large City Buses. Energies 2021,14, 7471, ISSN: 1996-1073, https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/14/22/7471
dc.relation.referencesen17. Yakovenko. E., Voichyshyn Y., Horbay O. Analysis of thermal comfort models of users of public urban and intercity transport, Ukrainian Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, 2022, Vol. 8, No 2, P. 67-74, ISSN: 2415-7236, https://doi.org/10.23939/ujmems
dc.relation.urihttps://doi.org/10.3390/fire7060182
dc.relation.urihttps://doi.org/10.3390/atmos15111316
dc.relation.urihttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2022.109160
dc.relation.urihttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2021.108414
dc.relation.urihttps://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2385/1/012094
dc.relation.urihttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.gsf.2022.101398
dc.relation.urihttps://doi.org/10.3390/su13126799
dc.relation.urihttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.scs.2022.104011
dc.relation.urihttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.163827
dc.relation.urihttps://doi.org/10.1080/15459624.2022.2050739
dc.relation.urihttps://doi.org/10.11113/jt.v77.6867
dc.relation.urihttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.envc.2024.101054
dc.relation.urihttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.cma.2022.115387
dc.relation.urihttps://doi.org/10.1299/mej.23-00523
dc.relation.urihttps://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/mej/11/1/11_23-00523/_article/-char/en
dc.relation.urihttps://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/14/22/7471
dc.relation.urihttps://doi.org/10.23939/ujmems
dc.rights.holder© Національний університет “Львівська політехніка”, 2024
dc.rights.holder© Golenko K., Vozniak O., Vikovych I., Kotsiumbas O., Yakovenko Ye., Drach I., 2024
dc.subjectlow-entry bus
dc.subjectventilation
dc.subjectairflow dynamics
dc.subjectCFD analysis
dc.subjectAnsys Fluent
dc.subjectmicroclimate
dc.subjectmulti-flow ventilation
dc.subjectenergy efficiency
dc.subjectpassenger comfort
dc.subjecttemperature gradient
dc.titleAir flow dynamics in the cabin of a low-entry city bus
dc.typeArticle

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Ukrainian Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science. – 2024. – Vol. 10, No. 4