The city of the future in the European Commission’s documents: A comprehensive analysis

dc.citation.epage64
dc.citation.issue1
dc.citation.journalTitleАрхітектурні дослідження
dc.citation.spage58
dc.contributor.affiliationНаціональний університет “Львівська політехніка”
dc.contributor.affiliationLviv Polytechnic National University
dc.contributor.authorФранків, Роман
dc.contributor.authorFrankiv, Roman
dc.coverage.placenameЛьвів
dc.coverage.placenameLviv
dc.date.accessioned2025-02-24T08:33:33Z
dc.date.created2023-02-28
dc.date.issued2023-02-28
dc.description.abstractУ статті розглянуто проблему цілісного бачення міста майбутнього розпорошеного у різних документах та програмах Європейського Союзу. Актуальність цієї теми пов’язана із необхідністю створення холістичного цілого, яка може виступати привабливим репрезентантом всіх нині актуальних урбаністичних цінностей у масовій культурі та пропагувати якості екологічності, інклюзивності, згуртованості, сталості, самодостатності та ін. Метою статті було окреслити холістичну візію міста майбутнього підтриманого документами ЄС необхідної для кристалізації її історичної ідентичності. Результати дослідження отримані за допомогою використання методу синтезу. В даній роботі запропоновано синтезувати такі основні концептуальні групи дискурсу довкола міста майбутнього спрямованого до ідеалів: оптимальної щільності, поновлюваної самодостатності, техно-біосферного симбіозу, партисипаційної спільнодії, соціальної згуртованості, різновікової валоризації. Кожна з цих груп спочатку розглянуто окремо, як галузь наукової уваги, дано її основні характеристики і оцінка з точки зору корисності для вдосконалення міського середовища. Далі зроблено спробу поєднати ці групи за допомогою комплексного аналізу, методика якого спрямована на виявлення спільних змістових вузлів у поняттях та засобах кожної з груп. Згодом здійснено їх поєднання у спільну концептуальну систему, суттєвою ознакою якої є розширення тлумачення ознак кожної з груп як частини прикмет інших груп. Це дало можливість уникати розділеності сучасного дискурсу довкола образу міста майбутнього на різні галузі та більш ефективно працювати з реалізацією та популяризацією цінностей образу міста, який підтриманий офіційними документами Європейської Комісії, що є актуальним для України, котра прагне до членства у ЄС. Крім того, отримані висновки можуть бути використані у освіті студентів спеціальності «архітектура та містобудування», а також «дизайн».
dc.description.abstractThe study analyses a holistic vision of the city of the future, which is scattered in various documents and programmes of the European Union. The research relevance is predefined by the need to create a holistic vision that can act as an attractive representative of all current urban values in the mass culture and promote the qualities of environmental friendliness, inclusiveness, cohesion, sustainability, self-sufficiency, etc. The research aims to outline a holistic vision of the city of the future supported by EU documents necessary for the crystallisation of its historical identity. The research results were obtained by using the synthesis method. This study proposes to synthesise the following main conceptual groups of the discourse around the city of the future aimed at the ideals of optimal density, renewable self-sufficiency, techno-biosphere symbiosis, participatory cooperation, social cohesion, and multi-age valorisation. Each of these groups is first considered separately as a field of scientific attention, its main characteristics are given and evaluated in terms of usefulness for improving the urban environment. Next, an attempt is made to combine these groups employing a comprehensive analysis, the methodology of which is aimed at identifying common content nodes in the concepts and tools of each group. Subsequently, they are combined into a common conceptual system, an essential feature of which is the expansion of the interpretation of the features of each group as part of the features of other groups. This allowed to avoid the division of the current discourse around the image of the city of the future into different sectors and to work more effectively with the implementation and promotion of the values of the city image, which is supported by official documents of the European Commission, which is relevant for Ukraine, which seeks EU membership. In addition, the findings can be used in the education of students majoring in architecture and urban planning, as well as design.
dc.format.extent58-64
dc.format.pages7
dc.identifier.citationFrankiv R. The city of the future in the European Commission’s documents: A comprehensive analysis / Roman Frankiv // Architectural Studies. — Lviv : Lviv Politechnic Publishing House, 2023. — Vol 9. — No 1. — P. 58–64.
dc.identifier.citationenFrankiv R. The city of the future in the European Commission’s documents: A comprehensive analysis / Roman Frankiv // Architectural Studies. — Lviv : Lviv Politechnic Publishing House, 2023. — Vol 9. — No 1. — P. 58–64.
dc.identifier.doi10.56318/as/1.2023.58
dc.identifier.issn2786-7374
dc.identifier.urihttps://ena.lpnu.ua/handle/ntb/63210
dc.language.isoen
dc.publisherВидавництво Львівської політехніки
dc.publisherLviv Politechnic Publishing House
dc.relation.ispartofАрхітектурні дослідження, 1 (7), 2023
dc.relation.ispartofArchitectural Studies, 1 (7), 2023
dc.relation.references[1] Abdelsabour, I. (2019). Investigating bio-morphism approach to enhance structure's creativity and efficiency. Journal of Engineering and Applied Science, 66(5), 491-513. Retrieved from https://www.researchgate.net/publication/339043001.
dc.relation.references[2] Alexander, C. (1977). A pattern language. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ‌
dc.relation.references[3] Allam, Z., & Jones, D.S. (2021). Future (post-COVID) digital, smart and sustainable cities in the wake of 6G: Digital twins, immersive realities and new urban economies. Land Use Policy, 101, 105201. doi: 10.1016/j.landusepol.2020.105201.
dc.relation.references[4] Benton-Short, L., Keeley, M., & Rowland, J. (2017). Green infrastructure, green space, and sustainable urbanism: Geography’s important role. Urban Geography, 40(3), 330-351. doi: 10.1080/02723638.2017.1360105.
dc.relation.references[5] Berrou, Y., Soulier, E., Calvez, P., Birregah, B., Vidal, P., Dupont, E., Carballa, B., Blot, G., & Guery, M. (2020). Smart city development strategy profile: Use case modeling based on simplicial complexes. ISPRS Annals of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences, 6(4), 25-32. doi: 10.5194/isprs-annals-VI-4-W2-2020-25-2020.
dc.relation.references[6] Calthorpe, P. (1993). The next American metropolis: Ecology, community, and the American dream. New York: Princeton Architectural Press. ‌
dc.relation.references[7] Carson, R. (1962). Silent spring. London: Penguin Books. ‌
dc.relation.references[8] Charitonidou, M. (2021). Revisiting Giancarlo De Carlo’s participatory design approach: From the representation of designers to the representation of users. Heritage, 4(2), 985-1004. doi: 10.3390/heritage4020054.
dc.relation.references[9] Chen, Y., Zhu, M., Lu, J., Zhou, Q., & Ma, W. (2020). Evaluation of ecological city and analysis of obstacle factors under the background of high-quality development: Taking cities in the Yellow River Basin as examples. Ecological Indicators, 118, 106771. doi: 10.1016/j.ecolind.2020.106771.
dc.relation.references[10] Clarinval, A., Simonofski, A., Vanderose, B., & Dumas, B. (2020). Public displays and citizen participation: A systematic literature review and research agenda. Transforming Government: People, Process and Policy, 15(1), 1-35. doi: 10.1108/TG-12-2019-0127.
dc.relation.references[11] de Roo, G., & Miller, D. (2019). Compact cities and sustainable urban development. London: Routledge.
dc.relation.references[12] Duranton, G., & Puga, D. (2020). The economics of urban density. Journal of Economic Perspectives, 34(3), 3-26. doi: 10.1257/jep.34.3.3.
dc.relation.references[13] Fitzgerald, K.G., & Caro, F.G. (2014). An overview of age-friendly cities and communities around the world. Journal of Aging & Social Policy, 26(1-2), 1-18. doi: 10.1080/08959420.2014.860786.
dc.relation.references[14] Gaglione, F., Gargiulo, C., Zucaro, F., & Cottrill, C. (2022). Urban accessibility in a 15-minute city: A measure in the city of Naples, Italy. Transportation Research Procedia, 60, 378-385. doi: doi.org/10.1016/j.trpro.2021.12.049
dc.relation.references[15] Gehl, J. (2010). Cities for people. Washington: Island Press. ‌
dc.relation.references[16] Gold, J.R. (2019). Athens Charter (CIAM), 1933. In A.M. Orum (Ed.) The Wiley Blackwell encyclopedia of urban and regional studies (pp. 1-3). Chichester: Wiley-Blackwell. Retrieved from https://www.researchgate.net/profile/John-Gold-3/publication/332425567_Athens_Charter_CIAM_1933/links/5d4f5715a6fdcc370a8c2d53/Athens-Charter-CIAM-1933.pdf.
dc.relation.references[17] Hamel, P. (1993). City, modernity and postmodernity: The crisis of urban planning. Canadian Journal of Urban Research, 2(1), 16-29. Retrieved from https://www.jstor.org/stable/44320273.
dc.relation.references[18] Hannequart, A. (1992). Economic and social cohesion in Europe. London: Routledge.‌
dc.relation.references[19] Ioannidis, R., Dimitriadis, P., Sargentis, G., Frangedaki, E., Iliopoulou, T., & Koutsoyiannis, D. (2019). Stochastic similarities between natural processes and art: Application in the analysis and optimization of landscape aesthetics of renewable energy and civil works. In Geophysical Research Abstracts (Vol. 21). Retrieved from https://meetingorganizer.copernicus.org/EGU2019/EGU2019-11403.pdf.
dc.relation.references[20] Kaur, H., & Garg, P. (2019). Urban sustainability assessment tools: A review. Journal of Cleaner Production, 210, 146-158. doi: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.11.009.
dc.relation.references[21] Krier, L. (2009). The architecture of community. Washington: Island Press. ‌
dc.relation.references[22] Landesmann, M.A., & Székely, I.P. (1995). Industrial restructuring and trade reorientation in Eastern Europe. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ‌
dc.relation.references[23] Lehmann, S. (2016). Sustainable urbanism: Towards a framework for quality and optimal density? Future Cities and Environment, 2, 8. doi: 10.1186/s40984-016-0021-3.
dc.relation.references[24] Marsden, P.V. (2005). The sociology of James S. Coleman. Annual Review of Sociology, 31(1), 1-24. doi: 10.1146/annurev.soc.31.041304.122209.
dc.relation.references[25] Masterson, V. (2022). Vertical farming - is this the future of agriculture? Retrieved from https://climatechampions.unfccc.int/vertical-farming-is-this-the-future-of-agriculture/.
dc.relation.references[26] Mcharg, I.L. (1995). Design with nature. New York: John Wiley.
dc.relation.references[27] Panlasigui, S., Spotswood, E., Beller, E., & Grossinger, R. (2021). Biophilia beyond the building: Applying the tools of urban biodiversity planning to create biophilic cities. Sustainability, 13(5), 2450. doi: 10.3390/su13052450.
dc.relation.references[28] Platt, R.H., Rowntree, R.A., & Muick, P.C. (1994). The ecological city. Amherst: University of Massachusetts Press.
dc.relation.references[29] Putnam, R. (2001). Social capital: Measurement and consequences. Canadian Journal of Policy Research, 2(1), 41-51. Retrieved from https://search.oecd.org/education/innovation-education/1825848.pdf.
dc.relation.references[30] Rauhut, D., & Humer, A. (2020). EU cohesion policy and spatial economic growth: Trajectories in economic thought. European Planning Studies, 28(11), 2116-2133. doi: 10.1080/09654313.2019.1709416.
dc.relation.references[31] Rossi, A. (2002). The architecture of the city. Cambridge: Mit Press.
dc.relation.references[32] Sandberg, L., & Rönnblom, M. (2016). Imagining the ideal city, planning the gender-equal city in Umeå, Sweden. Gender, Place & Culture, 23(12), 1750-1762. doi: 10.1080/0966369X.2016.1249346.
dc.relation.references[33] Sennett, R. (2007). The culture of the new capitalism. London: Yale University Press. ‌
dc.relation.references[34] Sim, D., & Gehl, J. (2019). Soft city: Building density for everyday life. Washington: Island Press.
dc.relation.references[35] The European Commission. (2011). Cities of tomorrow: Challenges, visions, ways forward. Luxembourg: Publications Office of the European Union. ‌
dc.relation.references[36] The New Leipzig Charter. The transformative power of cities for the common good. (2020). Retrieved from https://futurium.ec.europa.eu/sites/default/files/2021-03/new_leipzig_charter_en.pdf.
dc.relation.references[37] United Nations. (2011). Social cohesion initiatives. Retrieved from https://sdgs.un.org/partnerships/social-cohesion-initiatives.
dc.relation.references[38] Urban Agenda for the EU. Pact of Amsterdam. (2016). Retrieved from https://ec.europa.eu/regional_policy/sources/policy/themes/urban-development/agenda/pact-of-amsterdam.pdf.
dc.relation.references[39] van Hoof, J., & Marston, H.R. (2021). Age-friendly cities and communities: State of the art and future perspectives. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(4), 1644. doi: 10.3390/ijerph18041644.
dc.relation.references[40] van Leeuwen, J.P., Hermans, K., Jylhä, A., Quanjer, A.J., & Nijman, H. (2018). Effectiveness of virtual reality in participatory urban planning: A case study. Proceedings of the 4th Media Architecture Biennale Conference, 128-136. doi: 10.1145/3284389.3284491.
dc.relation.references[41] World Health Organization. (2007). Global age-friendly cities: A guide. Geneva: World Health Organization. ‌
dc.relation.references[42] Zhang, X., Han, L., Wei, H., Tan, X., Zhou, W., Li, W., & Qian, Y. (2022). Linking urbanization and air quality together: A review and a perspective on the future sustainable urban development. Journal of Cleaner Production, 346, 130988. doi: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2022.130988.
dc.relation.referencesen[1] Abdelsabour, I. (2019). Investigating bio-morphism approach to enhance structure's creativity and efficiency. Journal of Engineering and Applied Science, 66(5), 491-513. Retrieved from https://www.researchgate.net/publication/339043001.
dc.relation.referencesen[2] Alexander, C. (1977). A pattern language. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ‌
dc.relation.referencesen[3] Allam, Z., & Jones, D.S. (2021). Future (post-COVID) digital, smart and sustainable cities in the wake of 6G: Digital twins, immersive realities and new urban economies. Land Use Policy, 101, 105201. doi: 10.1016/j.landusepol.2020.105201.
dc.relation.referencesen[4] Benton-Short, L., Keeley, M., & Rowland, J. (2017). Green infrastructure, green space, and sustainable urbanism: Geography’s important role. Urban Geography, 40(3), 330-351. doi: 10.1080/02723638.2017.1360105.
dc.relation.referencesen[5] Berrou, Y., Soulier, E., Calvez, P., Birregah, B., Vidal, P., Dupont, E., Carballa, B., Blot, G., & Guery, M. (2020). Smart city development strategy profile: Use case modeling based on simplicial complexes. ISPRS Annals of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences, 6(4), 25-32. doi: 10.5194/isprs-annals-VI-4-W2-2020-25-2020.
dc.relation.referencesen[6] Calthorpe, P. (1993). The next American metropolis: Ecology, community, and the American dream. New York: Princeton Architectural Press. ‌
dc.relation.referencesen[7] Carson, R. (1962). Silent spring. London: Penguin Books. ‌
dc.relation.referencesen[8] Charitonidou, M. (2021). Revisiting Giancarlo De Carlo’s participatory design approach: From the representation of designers to the representation of users. Heritage, 4(2), 985-1004. doi: 10.3390/heritage4020054.
dc.relation.referencesen[9] Chen, Y., Zhu, M., Lu, J., Zhou, Q., & Ma, W. (2020). Evaluation of ecological city and analysis of obstacle factors under the background of high-quality development: Taking cities in the Yellow River Basin as examples. Ecological Indicators, 118, 106771. doi: 10.1016/j.ecolind.2020.106771.
dc.relation.referencesen[10] Clarinval, A., Simonofski, A., Vanderose, B., & Dumas, B. (2020). Public displays and citizen participation: A systematic literature review and research agenda. Transforming Government: People, Process and Policy, 15(1), 1-35. doi: 10.1108/TG-12-2019-0127.
dc.relation.referencesen[11] de Roo, G., & Miller, D. (2019). Compact cities and sustainable urban development. London: Routledge.
dc.relation.referencesen[12] Duranton, G., & Puga, D. (2020). The economics of urban density. Journal of Economic Perspectives, 34(3), 3-26. doi: 10.1257/jep.34.3.3.
dc.relation.referencesen[13] Fitzgerald, K.G., & Caro, F.G. (2014). An overview of age-friendly cities and communities around the world. Journal of Aging & Social Policy, 26(1-2), 1-18. doi: 10.1080/08959420.2014.860786.
dc.relation.referencesen[14] Gaglione, F., Gargiulo, C., Zucaro, F., & Cottrill, C. (2022). Urban accessibility in a 15-minute city: A measure in the city of Naples, Italy. Transportation Research Procedia, 60, 378-385. doi: doi.org/10.1016/j.trpro.2021.12.049
dc.relation.referencesen[15] Gehl, J. (2010). Cities for people. Washington: Island Press. ‌
dc.relation.referencesen[16] Gold, J.R. (2019). Athens Charter (CIAM), 1933. In A.M. Orum (Ed.) The Wiley Blackwell encyclopedia of urban and regional studies (pp. 1-3). Chichester: Wiley-Blackwell. Retrieved from https://www.researchgate.net/profile/John-Gold-3/publication/332425567_Athens_Charter_CIAM_1933/links/5d4f5715a6fdcc370a8c2d53/Athens-Charter-CIAM-1933.pdf.
dc.relation.referencesen[17] Hamel, P. (1993). City, modernity and postmodernity: The crisis of urban planning. Canadian Journal of Urban Research, 2(1), 16-29. Retrieved from https://www.jstor.org/stable/44320273.
dc.relation.referencesen[18] Hannequart, A. (1992). Economic and social cohesion in Europe. London: Routledge.‌
dc.relation.referencesen[19] Ioannidis, R., Dimitriadis, P., Sargentis, G., Frangedaki, E., Iliopoulou, T., & Koutsoyiannis, D. (2019). Stochastic similarities between natural processes and art: Application in the analysis and optimization of landscape aesthetics of renewable energy and civil works. In Geophysical Research Abstracts (Vol. 21). Retrieved from https://meetingorganizer.copernicus.org/EGU2019/EGU2019-11403.pdf.
dc.relation.referencesen[20] Kaur, H., & Garg, P. (2019). Urban sustainability assessment tools: A review. Journal of Cleaner Production, 210, 146-158. doi: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.11.009.
dc.relation.referencesen[21] Krier, L. (2009). The architecture of community. Washington: Island Press. ‌
dc.relation.referencesen[22] Landesmann, M.A., & Székely, I.P. (1995). Industrial restructuring and trade reorientation in Eastern Europe. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ‌
dc.relation.referencesen[23] Lehmann, S. (2016). Sustainable urbanism: Towards a framework for quality and optimal density? Future Cities and Environment, 2, 8. doi: 10.1186/s40984-016-0021-3.
dc.relation.referencesen[24] Marsden, P.V. (2005). The sociology of James S. Coleman. Annual Review of Sociology, 31(1), 1-24. doi: 10.1146/annurev.soc.31.041304.122209.
dc.relation.referencesen[25] Masterson, V. (2022). Vertical farming - is this the future of agriculture? Retrieved from https://climatechampions.unfccc.int/vertical-farming-is-this-the-future-of-agriculture/.
dc.relation.referencesen[26] Mcharg, I.L. (1995). Design with nature. New York: John Wiley.
dc.relation.referencesen[27] Panlasigui, S., Spotswood, E., Beller, E., & Grossinger, R. (2021). Biophilia beyond the building: Applying the tools of urban biodiversity planning to create biophilic cities. Sustainability, 13(5), 2450. doi: 10.3390/su13052450.
dc.relation.referencesen[28] Platt, R.H., Rowntree, R.A., & Muick, P.C. (1994). The ecological city. Amherst: University of Massachusetts Press.
dc.relation.referencesen[29] Putnam, R. (2001). Social capital: Measurement and consequences. Canadian Journal of Policy Research, 2(1), 41-51. Retrieved from https://search.oecd.org/education/innovation-education/1825848.pdf.
dc.relation.referencesen[30] Rauhut, D., & Humer, A. (2020). EU cohesion policy and spatial economic growth: Trajectories in economic thought. European Planning Studies, 28(11), 2116-2133. doi: 10.1080/09654313.2019.1709416.
dc.relation.referencesen[31] Rossi, A. (2002). The architecture of the city. Cambridge: Mit Press.
dc.relation.referencesen[32] Sandberg, L., & Rönnblom, M. (2016). Imagining the ideal city, planning the gender-equal city in Umeå, Sweden. Gender, Place & Culture, 23(12), 1750-1762. doi: 10.1080/0966369X.2016.1249346.
dc.relation.referencesen[33] Sennett, R. (2007). The culture of the new capitalism. London: Yale University Press. ‌
dc.relation.referencesen[34] Sim, D., & Gehl, J. (2019). Soft city: Building density for everyday life. Washington: Island Press.
dc.relation.referencesen[35] The European Commission. (2011). Cities of tomorrow: Challenges, visions, ways forward. Luxembourg: Publications Office of the European Union. ‌
dc.relation.referencesen[36] The New Leipzig Charter. The transformative power of cities for the common good. (2020). Retrieved from https://futurium.ec.europa.eu/sites/default/files/2021-03/new_leipzig_charter_en.pdf.
dc.relation.referencesen[37] United Nations. (2011). Social cohesion initiatives. Retrieved from https://sdgs.un.org/partnerships/social-cohesion-initiatives.
dc.relation.referencesen[38] Urban Agenda for the EU. Pact of Amsterdam. (2016). Retrieved from https://ec.europa.eu/regional_policy/sources/policy/themes/urban-development/agenda/pact-of-amsterdam.pdf.
dc.relation.referencesen[39] van Hoof, J., & Marston, H.R. (2021). Age-friendly cities and communities: State of the art and future perspectives. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(4), 1644. doi: 10.3390/ijerph18041644.
dc.relation.referencesen[40] van Leeuwen, J.P., Hermans, K., Jylhä, A., Quanjer, A.J., & Nijman, H. (2018). Effectiveness of virtual reality in participatory urban planning: A case study. Proceedings of the 4th Media Architecture Biennale Conference, 128-136. doi: 10.1145/3284389.3284491.
dc.relation.referencesen[41] World Health Organization. (2007). Global age-friendly cities: A guide. Geneva: World Health Organization. ‌
dc.relation.referencesen[42] Zhang, X., Han, L., Wei, H., Tan, X., Zhou, W., Li, W., & Qian, Y. (2022). Linking urbanization and air quality together: A review and a perspective on the future sustainable urban development. Journal of Cleaner Production, 346, 130988. doi: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2022.130988.
dc.relation.urihttps://www.researchgate.net/publication/339043001
dc.relation.urihttps://www.researchgate.net/profile/John-Gold-3/publication/332425567_Athens_Charter_CIAM_1933/links/5d4f5715a6fdcc370a8c2d53/Athens-Charter-CIAM-1933.pdf
dc.relation.urihttps://www.jstor.org/stable/44320273
dc.relation.urihttps://meetingorganizer.copernicus.org/EGU2019/EGU2019-11403.pdf
dc.relation.urihttps://climatechampions.unfccc.int/vertical-farming-is-this-the-future-of-agriculture/
dc.relation.urihttps://search.oecd.org/education/innovation-education/1825848.pdf
dc.relation.urihttps://futurium.ec.europa.eu/sites/default/files/2021-03/new_leipzig_charter_en.pdf
dc.relation.urihttps://sdgs.un.org/partnerships/social-cohesion-initiatives
dc.relation.urihttps://ec.europa.eu/regional_policy/sources/policy/themes/urban-development/agenda/pact-of-amsterdam.pdf
dc.rights.holder© LLC “Scientific Journals”, 2023
dc.rights.holder© Національний університет “Львівська політехніка”, 2023
dc.subjectвізія
dc.subjectсинтез
dc.subjectмістобудування
dc.subjectідентичність
dc.subjectvision
dc.subjectsynthesis
dc.subjecturban planning
dc.subjectidentity
dc.subject.udc726
dc.titleThe city of the future in the European Commission’s documents: A comprehensive analysis
dc.title.alternativeМісто майбутнього у документах Європейської Комісії: комплексний аналіз
dc.typeArticle

Files

Original bundle

Now showing 1 - 2 of 2
Loading...
Thumbnail Image
Name:
2023v7n1_Frankiv_R-The_city_of_the_future_in_58-64.pdf
Size:
4.74 MB
Format:
Adobe Portable Document Format
Loading...
Thumbnail Image
Name:
2023v7n1_Frankiv_R-The_city_of_the_future_in_58-64__COVER.png
Size:
1.1 MB
Format:
Portable Network Graphics

License bundle

Now showing 1 - 1 of 1
Loading...
Thumbnail Image
Name:
license.txt
Size:
1.77 KB
Format:
Plain Text
Description: