Логістика електронної комерції: стійкість ланцюгів постачання

Abstract

Проаналізовано світову динаміку розвитку електронної комерції, ідентифіковано основні драйвери розвитку. Досліджено та узагальнено стан та особливості розвитку електронної комерції в Україні. Встановлено, що логістика є основним фактором успіху електронної комерції. Досліджено джерела збоїв ланцюгів постачання електронної ко- мерції. Виявлено актуальні проблеми, з якими стикаються логістичні оператори. Запро- поновано логістичні стратегії для підвищення стійкості ланцюгів постачання в умовах невизначеності, посиленої геополітичними ризиками та нестабільністю середовища.

The global dynamics of e-commerce development are analyzed. The main drivers of е-сommerce development, in particular: ease of access to the Internet, development of social networks, increased competition, increased consumer expectations are identified. The current state and features of the development of е-сommerce in Ukraine have been studied and summarized. Consumer priorities when buying online were identified: saving money, proof of availability of the necessary product, saving time, ease of choice, security, etc. It has been determined which social networks are channels for online transactions in Ukraine. It has been established that logistics is a key factor in the success of е- сommerce. OTIF is an indicator of the quality of е-сommerce logistics. A few delivery delays may not be disastrous, but they can cause disruptions and send ripple effects in supply chains. Businesses increasingly outsource their logistics operations to 3PL providers to benefit from their expertise, infrastructure, and economies of scale. Sources of failures in е-сommerce supply chains have been investigated. Actual problems faced by logistics operators have been identified, among them: rising costs of transportation, shortage of vehicles, limited infrastructure, cyber security, labor shortage, last mile logistics, reverse logistics. Strategies for increasing the resilience of supply chains are proposed: increasing visibility, multisourcing, lean best practices, bulding security, 4PL partnership, сoopetition, сooperation, reshoring/nearshoring/friendshoring. The e-commerce logistics market is expected to experience significant growth in the coming years. Technological advancements like artificial intelligence, blockchain, and big data analytics will play a key role in improving efficiency and resilience in logistics operations. Businesses should partner with reliable logistics providers, invest in innovative technologies, and optimize their logistics processes. Consumers should be aware of potential delays and delivery issues and choose companies that offer quality logistics services.