Елементи теорії та прилади твердотілої електроніки. – 2004. – №510
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У Віснику опубліковано результати науково-дослідних робіт професорсько-викладацького складу, аспірантів та докторантів електрофізичного факультету Державного університету “Львівська політехніка”, науковців та викладачів із провідних вищих закладів освіти та академічних інститутів. У Віснику публікуються роботи провідних вчених Республіки Польща. Тематика робіт пов’язана з питаннями теорії фізики напівпровідників та напівпровідникових приладів, теоретичними і практичними проблемами мікроелектроніки та сенсорної техніки. Для викладачів, наукових співробітників, аспірантів, інженерів, студентів.
Вісник Національного університету "Львівська політехніка" : [збірник наукових праць] : публікації за матеріалами 8-го міжнародного симпозіуму "Технології мікроелектроніки та мікросистеми", 14-16 жовтня 2004 року / Міністерство освіти і науки України, Національний університет "Львівська політехніка. – Львів : Видавництво Національного університету “Львівська політехніка”, 2004. – № 510 : Елементи теорії та прилади твердої електроніки / відповідальний редактор Я. С. Буджак. – 132 с. : іл.
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Item Adaptive controlling of power boiler(Видавництво Національного університету "Львівська політехніка", 2004) Wojcik, W.; Kalita, M.; Smolarz, A.This paper presents research on adaptive control (AC) of combastion process in in¬dustry. Results were obtained from research conducted in laboratory combustion chamber with usage of Fiber Optical Measurement System (FOMS) with electronic block. Simulation proved that implementing AC and FOMS to burning process improves flue gasses parameters -direct measure of power boiler ecologic and economical quality of work.Item Analysis of piezoresistors arrangements on the surface of circular membrane in pressure sensors(Видавництво Національного університету "Львівська політехніка", 2004) Majewski, J.A theoretical analysis concerning metrological properties of thick film piezoresistors placed on circular edge-clamped membrane is described. The change of resistance of a thick film piezoresistor, caused by the deflection of the membrane, related to the distance from the membrane centre and the width of the piezoresistor, is evaluated. Analytical expressions for different piezoresistors arrangements are presented and discussed.Item Concept of street light control system using the plc technology(Видавництво Національного університету "Львівська політехніка", 2004) Skoczylas, M.; Szydelko, W.The lights in the streets, roads and squares is a big budget load, so the solutions for decreasing of the costs are strongly required. The paper includes two proposition of dealing with the problem. The first is finding more efficient sources of light and the second is optimizing the usage of existing ones. The second way has been described in this work.Item Creation of temperature field using resistive thick - film heater systems(Видавництво Національного університету "Львівська політехніка", 2004) Bfeyi, G.; Hotra, Z.; Kalita, W.; Klepacki, D.; Rozak, F.; Wgglarski, M.In a great number of electronic devices the operation temperature higher than room temperature is required. Sensors of the different physical and chemical quantities are very good example of such circuits. Additionally, the temperature field distribution is one from the main factor which determines proper exploitation parameters. Thick - film technology is often used for creation of heater systems in above-mentioned devices. The idea of heater systems construction (made in thick-film technology) has been included in the paper. The results of simulations (using ANSYS program) and 1R measurements have been also presented.Item Cubic boron nitride crystalline powders for dielectric and high thermal conductive thick film layers(Видавництво Національного університету "Львівська політехніка", 2004) Jakubowska, M.; Hotra, O. Z.; Shishonok, E. M.; Shipilo, V. B.; Ignatenko, O. V.; Anichenko, N. G.The authors present the results of investigating the c-BN micropowders sized in region 2-10 ^m which were synthesized in high pressure/high temperature technique by themselves. The results of investigating the properties of the powders was carried with the use of SEM microscopy, Raman spectroscopy, X-ray analysis and grain size microscopic analysis, chemical analysis. The powders were applied to prepare thick film dielectric pastes of high thermal conductivity. The pastes were screen printed onto different substrates. The properties of the layers such as microstructure, porosity, dielectric constant, resistance, thermal conductivity, etc. will be discussed.Item Development of PNH4+ sensitive isfet(Видавництво Національного університету "Львівська політехніка", 2004) Temple-Boyer, P.; Hotra, Z.; Holyaka, R.; Humenyuk, I.Front-side connected, N-channel, normally-off, Si02/Si3N4 Ion Sensitive Field Effect Transistor (ISFET) microsensors have been fabricated and adapted to the ammonium ion detection thanks to polysiloxane ionosensitive layer. This photosensitive polymer has been deposited on dielectric gate and patterned either by dip coating, either by spin coating and photolithography techniques. The sensitivity characteristics of both structures have been studied. The sensors have been shows a good quasi-nernstian sensitivities to NH/ cation in the different solution of ammonium nitrate (NH4N03) IIO'^.IO'1] M.Item Electrical contact models based on multipoint contact(Видавництво Національного університету "Львівська політехніка", 2004) Zlonkiewicz, Z.The paper presents simulation results of contacts applied in low-current circuits. Various parameters of low-current contact space based on the model consisting of multipoint contingence were analysed. For selected model, the values of current density, power and voltage distributions at operating contact at assumed value of applied voltage were obtained. FLUX 2D software package was used to analyse the contact. This simulation aims at defining how much the number of contact points influences the distribution of current, power and voltage in contact model. The contact made of beryllium bronze with outer layer of gold was taken for the analysis. This enabled to define (electric) phenomena, which occur in operating contact, which cannot be obtained by the application on physical models.Item Emission current stabilizer to electron-impact gas ion sources(Видавництво Національного університету "Львівська політехніка", 2004) Sikora, J.; Toborek, K.; Szczepaniak, L.We describe an electron emission current stabilizer with an error amplifier dc voltage gain depending on the electron emission current. A negative feedback loop of the error amplifier contains a solid-state digital potentiometer, which is controlled by a microprocessor according to the empirically determined (based on the Ziegler - Nichols method) exponential dc voltage gain function. The obtained mean relative standard deviation of the electron emission current, for a tungsten filament operated at the pressure of/?=0.1Pa, is 36 ppm.Item Minimizing time for test in integrated circuit(Видавництво Національного університету "Львівська політехніка", 2004) Andonova, A. S.; Dimitrov, D. G.; Atanasova, N. G.The cost for testing integrated circuits represents a growing percentage of the total cost for their production. The former strictly depends on the length of the test session, and its reduction has been the target of many efforts in the past. This paper proposes a new method for reducing the test length by adopting a new architecture and exploiting an evolutionary optimisation algorithm. A prototype of the proposed approach was tested on 1SCAS standard benchmarks and theexperimental results show its effectiveness.Item Optoelectronic method of estimation of chosen combustion parameters of an individual pulverised coal burner(Видавництво Національного університету "Львівська політехніка", 2004) Wojcik, W.; Golec, T.; Manak, 1.; Smolarz, 1.; Kotyra, A.; Komada, P.; Kalita, M.There are several tens of burners operating in a power boiler and their control based on averaged and delayed measurements is often not effective enough. The article describes attempts to obtain information about levels of emission of NOx and CO from the signals of the fiber-optic flame monitoring system developed in the Department of Electronics of the Lublin University of Technology. Artificial neural networks are used for estimation of emission. The article contains description of an object and the measurement system as well as results of research of nitrogen oxides and carbon monoxide modelling.Item Practical considerations for lc differntial oscillators design(Видавництво Національного університету "Львівська політехніка", 2004) Nachev, R. G.; Ivanov, K. P.; Hristov, M. H.; Ovcharov, S. Y.; Andonova, A. S.Practical design of LC differential oscillators faces several challenges - achievement of sufficient output power, reliable start-up of the oscillator, low power consumption and etc. This paper attempts to give analytical expressions for these quantities with the aim to facilitate the design of LC differential oscillators. The paper presents derivation of the Van der Pol differential equation for LC differential oscillators. The condition for reliable start-up is formulated using the Van der Pol equation. Analytical expression for the output amplitude based on a simple oscillator model is also derived. Comparison between the analytical and simulated results is done and it shows a very good agreement.Item Preparation and polarizing properties of the side metal pipe optical fibers(Видавництво Національного університету "Львівська політехніка", 2004) Wojcik, J.; Czyzewska, L.; Walewski, A.; Mergo, P.Technology and basic characterization of new kind of side hole optical fiber with silver layers in the holes named side metal pipe optical fiber is presented. The static deposition method of several hundred nm thickness silver layers from liquid phase was used. Polarization properties of the side metal pipe optical fibers were found.Item Preparation and polarizing properties of the side metal pipe optical fibers(Видавництво Національного університету "Львівська політехніка", 2004) Wojcik, J.; Czyzewska, L.; Walewski, A.; Mergo, P.Technology and basic characterization of new kind of side hole optical fiber with silver layers in the holes named side metal pipe optical fiber is presented. The static deposition method of several hundred nm thickness silver layers from liquid phase was used. Polarization properties of the side metal pipe optical fibers were found.Item “Prezewody” program for capacitance and inductance determination of can-bus transmission lines(Видавництво Національного університету "Львівська політехніка", 2004) Kalita, W.; Kamuda, K.; Sabat, W.; Wisz, B.The describing of the computer program which allows to determine residual parameters of the cable system with cylindrical section has been included in the paper. The wire capacitance and inductance, whice are used in data transmission systems (i.e. CAN-bus). have a big influence on parameters of the transmission line. The knowing of these parameters allows to select the optimal conditions of the such systems from the point view of transmission quality and electromagnetic compatibility.Item Relation between domain structure distortion and electric permeability and spontaneous polarisation in l-lysine doped tgs single crystals(Видавництво Національного університету "Львівська політехніка", 2004) Trybus, M.; Proszak, W.Researches upon relation between domain structure and electric properties of ferroelectric TGS doped single crystals are presented in this paper. Finding such relation should make possible elaboration of simplified method of samples preselection, that should be very convenient from the point of view of its application in fabrication of active elements of pyroelectric detectors. Possibility of finding such relation includes directly from theoretical model constructed by authors.Item Sensivity and average temperature of latgs pyroelectric detector(Видавництво Національного університету "Львівська політехніка", 2004) Proszak, W.New obtained single crystal LATGS and its selected dielectric properties are presented in this paper. Samples of the single crystal were utilised as active elements of pyroelectric detector. This paper contains also theoretical considerations for this type of detector, making possible determination of voltage-current sensitivity.Item Silicon mechanical sensors for cryogenic temperatures: experimental simulation and characterization(Видавництво Національного університету "Львівська політехніка", 2004) Druzhinin, A.; Maryamova, 1.; Kutrakov, О.; Pavlovskyy, I.; Palewski, Т.Temperature dependencies of Seebeck coefficient for free and strained heavily doped Si- Ge whiskers were studied in temperature range 4,2-300K. A compressive strain was shown to substantially change temperature behaviour of Seebeck coefficient. The main peculiarity of such change is stability of Seebeck coefficient in a wide temperature range 10-100 K, that is prospec¬tive for the whisker application in sensors of cryogen temperatures. Sensors for measurement of cryogenic temperatures operating in high magnetic field on the base of the whiskers were designed. Simplified circuit diagrams of processing the signals from the sensors were presented.Item The behaviour of insb under the irradiation with reactor neutrons(Видавництво Національного університету "Львівська політехніка", 2004) Bolshakova, I.; Brudnyi, V.; Kolin, N.; Koptsev, P.; Kost, Ya.; Kovaleva, N.; Makido, O.; Moskovets, T.; Shoorigin, F.In the paper, is investigated the influence of the irradiation with full reactor neutron spectrum up to the fluence of F=31016 cm'2 upon the electrophysical properties of complex doped InSb microcrystals and thin film InSb samples with charge carrier concentration of n=(9‘1016^3‘1018) cm'3. The influence of the initial doping level on the radiation resistance is determined. The optimal charge carrier concentration for the manufacturing of the radiation resistant magnetic field microsensors is determined and is equal to n=(6^7)‘1017 cm'3 for the complex doped InSb microcrystals, and n=3-1017 cm'3 for thin film samples.Item The current characteristics of the field emission microelements(Видавництво Національного університету "Львівська політехніка", 2004) Kozhuchar, O. T.Об’єктом математичного та фізичного моделювання були вакуумні автоелект¬ронні мікроелементи з загостреними мікроемітерами радіусів (5... 100) 10'6 м та міжелектродними відстанями (0,5...20) 10 “6 м. Діапазон напруг та струмів вибирався з умови одержання мінімальної освітленості у 50 лк на відстані 0,03 м від катодолюмінес- центного екрана. Для елементів з графітовими емітерами були одержані струми (8....600) 10 “6 А у невисокому вакуумі. Object of mathematical and phisical modeling was vacuum field emission micro elements with sharp micro emitters to radius (5... 100) 10'6 m and between electrode distances (0,5...20) 10 6 m. A range voltages and currents got out of conditions of reception of minimum light exposure 50 lux on distance 0,03 м from the screen. For elements with graphite emitters was obtained currents on (8....600) 10 A in non-high vacuum.Item The new developments in assembly technology for the sensors based on silicon structures(Видавництво Національного університету "Львівська політехніка", 2004) Szczepanski, Z.Sensor manufacturing process uses various technologies and various materials, but the sensors based on silicon structure became a dominant group of these devices. In the paper are given the last developments in assembly technique for silicon sensors. The results of our research concerning assembly technology for silicon humidity sensors and silicon gas sensors will be presented. Applied assembly processes are based on flip chip technology which plays the most important role in sensor packaging technology.