Environmental Problems. – 2021. – Vol. 6, No. 3

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https://ena.lpnu.ua/handle/ntb/58985

Науковий журнал

Засновник і видавець Національний університет «Львівська політехніка». Виходить двічі на рік з 2016 року.

Environmental Problems = Екологічні проблеми : [науковий журнал] / Lviv Polytechnic National University ; [editor-in-chief M. Malovanyy]. – Lviv : Lviv Politechnic Publishing House, 2021. – Volume 6, number 3. – Р. 125–196. : ill.

Зміст


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Content (Vol. 6, No 3)


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Recent Submissions

Now showing 1 - 11 of 11
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    Risk analysis of natural gas transportation processes
    (Видавництво Львівської політехніки, 2021-03-01) Mandryk, Oleg; Poberezhny, Liubomyr; Poberezhna, Liubov; Maniuk, Oksana; Maniuk, Mykhailo; Ivano-Frankivsk National Technical University of Oil and Gas
    The problem of ensuring technological reliability and environmental friendliness of the natural gas transportation process, the main approaches to risk assessment and management at industrial facilities are considered. To increase the troublefree operation of the gas transmission system, a comprehensive risk management system is proposed. The research of an ecological condition of the ground layer of air is being done in Bogorodchany district based on the constructed maps, which represent a distribution of harmful matters concentrations, its coefficients and also the coefficients of ecological danger and the map of a total contaminating index. The general chart of ecological risk is represented. Analysis of objects for gas transportation is made. The method of area detonating calculation and distance of mixture explosive cloud distribution is considered during the damage at the main gas pipeline. Area detonating calculations and the distance of mixture explosive cloud distribution are conducted at different wind speeds.
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    Investigation of the process of fluoride ions adsorption by natural sorbents
    (Видавництво Львівської політехніки, 2021-03-01) Sabadash, Vira; Liuta, Oksana; Gumnitsky, Jaroslaw; Lviv Polytechnic National University
    A detailed analysis of literature sources on the content of fluorides in the environment, methods of conditioning and defluoridation of water was held. The mechanism of interaction of fluorides with zeolite in the process of adsorption treatment of wastewaters and domestic waters was clarified. It was first established that in the process of adsorption there is the formation of magnesium fluoride compounds due to the binding of cations extracted from the zeolite by the mechanism of ion exchange. The mechanism of chemisorption of fluoride ions by the formation of insoluble CaF2 was also proved. According to the results of experimental research, a technological scheme has been developed, which provides the preliminary treatment of fluoride ions in the form of complexes with aluminium. In order to prevent the permeation of aluminium fluoride into the treated water, a stage of adsorption water purification was proposed. Calculations of the amount of reagent necessary to ensure the required degree of purification of water from fluoride ions were done. The statistical parameters of the process and the significance of the obtained results were calculated. The coefficient of determination of experimental data was 0.87…0.99, the standard deviation was 0.017…0.026.
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    The assessment of light pollution in the city of Kyiv
    (Видавництво Львівської політехніки, 2021-03-01) Radomska, Margaryta; Kovalska, Victoria; Oyewole, Grace Titilope; National Aviation University; Charles University in Prague
    The analysis of environmental issues raised by the excessive artificial illumination in the selected areas of the central districts of Kyiv was conducted. The level of light pollution was measured using photometric equipment and compared to the levels of natural illumination. The instrumental measurements were amended with visual observation of sky glow levels and subjective perception of sunset timing. Based on the obtained results the possible health effects for the residents of affected districts were considered.
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    Popularization of the organic component composting of household waste among the population
    (Видавництво Львівської політехніки, 2021-03-01) Korbut, Mariia; Malovanyy, Myroslav; Petrushka, Kateryna; Lutek, Wojciech; Zhytomyr Polytechnic State University; Lviv Polytechnic National University; Maria Curie Sklodowska University
    The study, using a survey, found social attitudes towards the separate collection and problematic issues that may hinder its implementation. It was found that most respondents are not familiar with the possibilities of waste composting at home, and residents of multi-storey buildings generally consider composting at home in the kitchen inexpedient. The paper identified the causes of ignorance of the population on household composting conditions. The paper presents the scientific results of the popularization of composting with microbiological additives at home among the population. The study aimed to develop a practical, effective model for the management of the bioorganic component of municipal solid waste, which minimizes the impact of waste on the environment and maximizes resource potential by organizing composting organic waste at home. Based on the research data, recommendations for the population of Zhytomyr on composting household waste have been developed. They explain in detail the mechanism of composting at home and outline the benefits of such composting. The obtained results are practical, they can be used for explanatory work among the population and the development of recommendations on separate waste collecting and composting of the organic part of household waste in domestic conditions.
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    Acquiring practice in environmental and social impact assessment: case study of Lviv city dumpsite, Ukraine
    (Видавництво Львівської політехніки, 2021-03-01) Mykhaylenko, Valeriy; Havryliuk, Ruslan; Blyzniuk, Mykola; Kriipsalu, Mait; Hoffmann, Michael; Denafas, Gintaras; Sholokhova, Anastasiia; Hogland, William; Nauchu, Nataliia; Gulevets, Dmytro; Kyiv National Taras Shevchenko University; Institute of Geological Sciences of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine; Poltava National Pedagogical University named after V. G. Korolenko; Estonian University of Life Sciences; Self-employed expert; Kaunas University of Technology; Linnaeus University; Free ecologist; National Aviation University
    Municipal Solid Waste Management (MSWM) is a new and fast-growing business area that is becoming widespread in Ukraine. The fire accident at Lviv city landfill “Hrybovychi” forced the local governments to initiate work on its closure and reclamation. The Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) of the planned activity is the first mandatory step in this direction. The complex nature of EIA procedures requires a similarly integrated approach to identify hazards and develop a shared vision of existing risks. This is demonstrated by the analysis of two published EIA reports on remediation of “Hrybovychi” dump and the dangers that were not identified. Threats of additional groundwater pollution, causes of fire and consequences of negative impact on adjacent areas, the possibility of re-ignition of the landfill, the spreading of microparticles (PM2,5), and formation of toxic compounds classified as persistent organic pollutants (POPs) together with their long-distance migration – these and other dangers were not identified and were not discussed with public organizations. The article aims at showing a scientific approach to identifying environmental hazards in combination with the social component – assessments of problematic activities for public health, which are often ignored in post-Soviet countries. Current and best practices of the Baltic Sea countries in this field are presented by an international team of university scientists. Analysis of critical observations and making recommendations for preventing, minimizing, and mitigating the adverse effects of an accident can help to improve the peer review and development of similar EIA projects.
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    Emissions of sulfur dioxide and dust at coal power plants of Ukraine
    (Видавництво Львівської політехніки, 2021-03-01) Volchyn, Igor; Haponych, Liudmyla; Bizek, Vladislav; Thermal Energy Technology Institute of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine; National University of Food Technologies; UN Environmental Expert
    We developed an algorithm for the estimation of harmful emissions depending on the amount of supplied electricity and heat at coal-fired TPP. By this algorithm, we calculated the emissions of SO2 and dust at Ukrainian TPP in 2017 and 2018. The values of SO2 concentrations in dry flue gases at Ukrainian TPP in 2017 and 2018 depending on fuel brand, sulfur content, and method of slag removal in the boiler were in the range of 1520–5900 mg/Nm3, and the general gross emissions of SO2 were about 620 thousand t. The specific emissions of SO2 were at a level of 14–15 g/kWh of supplied electric energy as compared with 1.2 g/kWh – the level for coal-fired plants of EU countries. At Ukrainian TPP, about 100 thousand t of dust were thrown away. The dust concentrations in flue gases at Ukrainian TPP were equal to 300–1800 mg/Nm3. The values of specific dust emissions per 1 kWh of supplied electricity constituted 0.8–5.1 g against 0.2 g/kWh characteristic of present-day coal-fired TPP of EU countries. The level of gross emissions of SO2 and dust at the TPP of Ukraine did not exceed the maximum possible according to the National Emission Reduction Plan of Pollutants from Large Combustion Plants.
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    The potential of organic waste as a substrate for anaerobic digestion in Ukraine: trend definitions and environmental safety of the practices
    (Видавництво Львівської політехніки, 2021-03-01) Chernysh, Yelizaveta; Vladimir, Shtepa; Roy, Igor; Chubur, Viktoriia; Skvortsova, Polina; Anastasia, Ivlieva; Danilov, Dmitry; Sumy State University; Polissya State University; International Innovation and Applied Center “Aquatic Artery”
    This article is devoted to the analysis and prospects of using different types of organic waste to achieve environmental goals. Due to the unique climate and natural resources, Ukraine has significant potential for biomass, the processing of which should solve urgent problems with the disposal of waste, as well as the production of alternative energy sources and biofertilizers. The preferred substrates for anaerobic digestion in Ukraine, considering the technological feasibility, availability, and volume are animal manure (cattle, pigs), bird droppings, plant residues, industrial sludge, common sludges. After analyzing the statistics for 2015-2019, the groups of dominant wastes were identified, and with the help of the built-in function “TREND”, the forecast of the waste potential with an organic component for 2021–2026 was constructed. Examining the obtained indicators for different types of waste, the reasons for the tendency of decrease or increase in their formation in the next five years were revealed. The direction of enhancing the sustainability of bioenergy, achieving environmental goals through the bioprocessing of organic waste associated with the ecological safety of production processes were discussed.
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    Methods of comprehensive statistical analysis of agglomeration atmospheric air pollution
    (Видавництво Львівської політехніки, 2021-03-01) Loyeva, Inesa; Bazar, Salem Rabeea; Burhaz, Oleksii; Vladymyrova, Olena; Odessa State Environmental University; Hadhramout University
    The article presents an algorithm of a complicated statistical analysis of atmospheric air pollution over certain urban territories, based on methods of multivariate statistical analysis and a statistical decisions theory. Statistical analysis of the concentrations obtained from the observation posts network provides the data on the atmospheric air pollution background characteristics. This analysis enables us to find the spatial correlations between the concentrations of the ingredient under various synoptic conditions. The proposed set of statistical methods is advisable to be applied in the development of a state monitoring program for atmospheric air protection over specific zones or territories (urban agglomeration) as part of the implementation of a new management procedure for state monitoring of atmospheric air protection in Ukraine.
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    Contents
    (Видавництво Львівської політехніки, 2021-03-01)
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    Anniversary of professor, doctor of technical sciences J. Gumnitsky
    (Видавництво Львівської політехніки, 2021-03-01)
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    Wetland meadows of Carex acutiformis as a source of bioelectricity
    (Видавництво Львівської політехніки, 2021-03-01) Rusyn, Iryna; Dyachok, Vasyl; Lviv Polytechnic National University
    The article presents the assessment of bioelectroproductivity of wetland sedge ecosystems of Carex acutiformis in situ. It was found that it is possible to obtain a bioelectric potential at the level of 864.2–1114.8 mV, depending on external conditions using a pair of electrodes graphite/zincgalvanized steel and graphite/aluminum. The increase in soil moisture had a positive effect on bioelectric potential parameters. Widespread in Polissya biotopes of sedge have prospects as sources of green plant-microbial energy.