Advances In Cyber-Physical Systems. – 2021. – Vol. 6, No. 2
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Засновник і видавець Національний університет «Львівська політехніка». Виходить двічі на рік з 2016 року.
Advances in Cyber-Physical Systems / Lviv Polytechnic National University ; editor-in-chief A. Melnyk. – Lviv : Lviv Politechnic Publishing House, 2021. – Volume 6, number 2. – 86 p. : il.
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Item Research of content-based image retrieval algorithms(Lviv Politechnic Publishing House, 2021) Yakubchyk, Eduard; Yurchak, Iryna; Lviv Polytechnic National UniversityFinding similar images on a visual sample is a difficult AI task, to solve which many works are devoted. The problem is to determine the essential properties of images of low and higher semantic level. Based on them, a vector of features is built, which will be used in the future to compare pairs of images. Each pair always includes an image from the collection and a sample image that the user is looking for. The result of the comparison is a quantity called the visual relativity of the images. Image properties are called features and are evaluated by calculation algorithms. Image features can be divided into low-level and high-level. Low-level features include basic colors, textures, shapes, significant elements of the whole image. These features are used as part of more complex recognition tasks. The main progress is in the definition of high-level features, which is associated with understanding the content of images. In this paper, research of modern algorithms is done for finding similar images in large multimedia databases. The main problems of determining high-level image features, algorithms of overcoming them and application of effective algorithms are described. The algorithms used to quickly determine the semantic content and improve the search accuracy of similar images are presented. The aim: The purpose of work is to conduct comparative analysis of modern image retrieval algorithms and retrieve its weakness and strength.Item Software implementation of the algorithm for recognizing protective elements on the face(Lviv Politechnic Publishing House, 2021) Voloshyn, Mykola; Vavruk, Yevhenii; Lviv Polytechnic National UniversityThe quarantine restrictions introduced during COVID-19 are necessary to minimize the spread of coronavirus disease. These measures include a fixed number of people in the room, social distance, wearing protective equipment. These restrictions are achieved by the work of technological control workers and the police. However, people are not ideal creatures, quite often the human factor makes its adjustments. That is why in this work we have developed software for determining the protective elements on the face in real time using the Python scripting language, the open software libraries OpenCV v4.5.4, TensorFlow v2.6.0, Keras v2.6.0 and MobileNetV2 using the camera. The training program uses a prepared set of photos from KAGGLE – with a mask and without a mask. This set has been expanded by the authors to include different types of masks and their location. Using TensorFlow, Keras, MobileNetV2, a model is created to study the neural net work by analyzing images. The generated neural network uses a model to determine the masks. You can preview the learning result of the network – it is presented as a graphic file. A program that uses the connected camera is then launched and the user can test the operation. This model can be easily deployed on embedded systems such as Raspberry Pi, Google Coral, and become a hardware and software automated system that can be used in crowded places – airports, shopping malls, stadiums, government agencies and more.Item Detection of stego images with adaptively embedded data by component analysis methods(Lviv Politechnic Publishing House, 2021) Progonov, Dmytro; Igor Sikorsky Kyiv Polytechnic InstituteEnsuring the effective protection of personal and corporate sensitive data is topical task today. The special interest is taken at sensitive data leakage prevention during files transmission in communication systems. In most cases, these leakages are conducted by usage of advance adaptive steganographic methods. These methods are aimed at minimizing distortions of cover files, such as digital images, during data hiding that negatively impact on detection accuracy of formed stego images. For overcoming this shortcoming, it was proposed to pre-process (calibrate) analyzed images for increasing stego-to-cover ratio. The modern paradigm of image calibration is based on usage of enormous set of high-pass filters. However, selection of filter(s) that maximizes the probability of stego images detection is non-trivial task, especially in case of limited a prior knowledge about embedding methods. For solving this task, we proposed to use component analysis methods for image calibration, namely principal components analysis. Results of comparative analysis of novel maxSRMd2 cover rich model and proposed solution showed that principal component analysis allows increasing detection accuracy up to 1.5 % even in the most difficult cases (low cover image payload and absence of cover-stego images pairs in training set).Item Methods to increase the contrast of the image with preserving the visual quality(Lviv Politechnic Publishing House, 2021) Maksymiv, Mykola; Rak , Taras; Lviv Polytechnic National University; IT STEP UniversityContrast enhancement is a technique for increasing the contrast of an image to obtain better image quality. As many existing contrast enhancement algorithms typically add too much contrast to an image, maintaining visual quality should be considered as a part of enhancing image contrast. This paper focuses on a contrast enhancement method that is based on histogram transformations to improve contrast and uses image quality assessment to automatically select the optimal target histogram. Improvements in contrast and preservation of visual quality are taken into account in the target histogram, so this method avoids the problem of excessive increase in contrast. In the proposed method, the optimal target histogram is the weighted sum of the original histogram, homogeneous histogram and Gaussian histogram. Structural and statistical metrics of “naturalness of the image” are used to determine the weights of the corresponding histograms. Contrast images are obtained by matching the optimal target histogram. Experimentsshow that the proposed method gives better results compared to other existing algorithms for increasing contrast based on the transformation of histograms.Item Investigation of serverless architecture(Lviv Politechnic Publishing House, 2021) Lakhai, Vladyslav; Bachynskyy, Ruslan; Lviv Polytechnic National UniversityServerless computing is a new and still evolving type of cloud computing, which brings a new approach to the development of information systems. The main idea of serverless is to give an approach of doing computing without dealing with a server to a user. Such approach allows to reduce the cost of the system building and system support. It allows small companies to concentrate on their own system designing instead of thinking about infrastructure building and supporting. Also, a big problem of providing the system security on high level is on cloud’s provider engineering support service. Serverless approach allows to start business quickly without huge initial investment. There is an attempt to completely analyze features, benefits and drawbacks of serverless approach, its use cases and main patterns of Serverless architecture. What is more, different providers have been analyzed.Item Analysis of algorithms for searching objects in images using convolutional neural network(Lviv Politechnic Publishing House, 2021) Koval , Ihor; Lviv Polytechnic National UniversityThe problem of finding objects in images using modern computer vision algorithms has been considered. The description of the main types of algorithms and methods for finding objects based on the use of convolutional neural networks has been given. A comparative analysis and modeling of neural network algorithms to solve the problem of finding objects in images has been conducted. The results of testing neural network models with different architectures on data sets VOC2012 and COCO have been presented. The results of the study of the accuracy of recognition depending on different hyperparameters of learning have been analyzed. The change in the value of the time of determining the location of the object depending on the different architectures of the neural network has been investigated.Item Recommendation system for purchasing goods based on the decision tree algorithm(Lviv Politechnic Publishing House, 2021) Kohut, Yurii; Yurchak, Iryna; Lviv Polytechnic National UniversityOver the past few years, interest in applications related to recommendation systems has increased significantly. Many modern services create recommendation systems that, based on user profile information and his behavior. This services determine which objects or products may be interesting to users. ecommendation systems are a modern tool for understanding customer needs. The main methods of constructing recommendation systems are the content-based filtering method and the collaborative filtering method. This article presents the implementation of these methods based on decision trees. The content-based filtering method is based on the description of the object and the customer's preference profile. An object description is a finite set of its descriptors, such as keywords, binary descriptors, etc., and a preference profile is a weighted vector of object descriptors in which scales reflect the importance of each descriptor to the client and its contribution to the final decision. This model selects items that are similar to the customer's favorite items before. The second model, which implements the method of collaborative filtering, is based on information about the history of behavior of all customers on the resource: data on their purchases, ssessments of product quality, reviews, marked product. The model finds clients that are similar in behavior and the recommendation is based on their assessments of this element. Voting was used to combine the results issued by individual models – the best result is chosen from the results of two models of the ensemble. This approach minimizes the impact of randomness and averages the errors of each model. The aim: The purpose of work is to create real competitive ecommendation system for short period of time and minimum costs.Item Assessing the human condition in medical cyber physical system based on microservice architecture(Lviv Politechnic Publishing House, 2021) Havano, Bohdan; Morozov , Mykola; Lviv Polytechnic National University; Technical University of MunichThe goal of the work is to propose architectural and information model for assessing the human condition on the basis of microservice architecture in medical cyberphysical system, which, in contrast to the known models for assessing the human condition, can simultaneously provide scaling, fault tolerance and increase the speed of human condition assessment. The theoretical substantiation and the new decision of an actual scientific problem of development and research means of an estimation of a human condition in medical cyber-physical system have been considered. These means involve the parallel processing of data on vital signs of the human condition, organizing the means of information processing into separate independent logical elements – microservices, in comparison with other existing medical cyber-physical systems. An architectural model based on microservice architecture has been proposed.Item Methods of vehicle recognition and detecting traffic rules violations on motion picture based on opencv framework(Lviv Politechnic Publishing House, 2021) Fastiuk, Yevhen; Bachynskyy, Ruslan; Huzynets, Nataliia; Lviv Polytechnic National UniversityIn this era, people using vehicles is getting increased day by day. As pedestrians leading a dog for a walk, or hurrying to their workplace in the morning, we’ve all experienced unsafe, fast-moving vehicles operated by inattentive drivers that nearly mow us down. Many of us live in apartment complexes or housing neighborhoods where ignorant drivers disregard safety and zoom by, going way too fast. To plan, monitor and also control these vehicles is becoming a big challenge. In the article, we have come up with a solution to the above problem using the video surveillance considering the video data from the traffic cameras. Using computer vision and deep learning technology we will be able to recognize violations of rules. This article will describe modern CV and DL methods to recognize vehicle on the road and traffic violations of rules by them. Implementation of methods can be done using OpenCV Python as a tool. Our proposed solution can recognize vehicles, track their speed and help in counting the objects precisely.Item Features of the implementation of smart technologies in the mine(Lviv Politechnic Publishing House, 2021) Butov, Maksym; Pavych, Tetyana; Paramud , Yaroslav; Lviv Polytechnic National University; MedBridge IncThe basic methods and principles of mine safety systems have been considered in the paper. The algorithm of one possible smart device (smart helmet) is depicted. This algorithm describes the basic principles of this device. The device allows to find danger in the environment where the miner works, as well as monitors the condition of the miner. It can also quickly analyze this information and report the danger when it is detected. The system has been developed and programmed including basic modules for implementing this algorithm. The results of the comparative analysis of the new system showed an increase in the level of safety by 45 % compared to other systems.Item Computer system for converting gestures to text and audio messages(Lviv Politechnic Publishing House, 2021) Borovets, Dmytro; Pavych, Tetyana; Paramud , Yaroslav; Lviv Polytechnic National University; MedBridge IncToday, there are quite a large number of deafmute and hard-of-hearing people which communicate using gestures. Therefore, it is simply necessary to provide them with modern means of communication with the surrounding world. This paper creates a holistic computer system architecture for converting gestures into text and audio messages. The principles of construction and basic design solutions of a computer system based on a modern element base with increased productivity and minimization of hardware costs and energy consumption have been developed. The most popular existing solutions for gesture recognition are considered and analyzed. The operation of the main components has been described, the principle of functioning of the entire system has been analyzed, and their advantages and disadvantages have been compared. The latest structural components for building a computer system (both physical and software) have been selected and investigated. Physical features include: the state-of-the-art Arduino Nano computing platform, the HC-05 Bluetooth module, the ADXL335 accelerometer, and the latest ZD10-100 Information sensor (flexibility sensor). Software features include: firmware for the Arduino Nano hardware platform, Python-based software for splitting the flow of letters into words, displaying them, and voicing them. The methods of Google Media Translation API and Google Text-to-speech (gTTS) have been analyzed. The expediency of conducting research has improved performance through the use of a new information sensor, which is a flexibility sensor ZD10-100 500 g. The general structural scheme of all systems has been designed.Item Sensors in cyber-physical systems based on android operating system(Lviv Politechnic Publishing House, 2021) Bielik, Valerii; Morozov, Yurii; Morozov, Mykola; Lviv Polytechnic National University; Technical University of MunichThe cyber-physical systems take the major part of any system that help users to interact with environment processes. Cyber-physical systems are intelligent systems, which include networks of physical and computing components that interact on internal level. The basis for the development of various models of cyber-physical systems are the using of measuring instruments and their software. Measuring instruments are necessary to control technological parameters processes and the environment. The purpose was to investigate the features of interaction with sensors, to identify the most useful of them in use, to classify types and describe their capabilities for future use in developing of cyber-physical systems. The relevance of the choice of this topic is that mobile and cyber-physical systems occupy a significant place in modern life. The systems that help the user to simplify daily tasks are of maximum benefit. These tasks can be attributed to the tasks of the environment as they exist and are performed in it. Especially cyber-physical systems that interact with the environment have the ability to solve such problems. Sensors act as a tool of interaction, the so-called bridge between the environment and the program. Sensors collect and provide information for further processing and use in solving problems.