Environmental Problems. – 2023. – Vol. 8, No. 1

Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://ena.lpnu.ua/handle/ntb/61445

Науковий журнал

Засновник і видавець Національний університет «Львівська політехніка». Виходить двічі на рік з 2016 року.

Environmental Problems = Екологічні проблеми : [науковий журнал] / Lviv Polytechnic National University ; [editor-in-chief M. Malovanyy]. – Lviv : Lviv Politechnic Publishing House, 2023. – Volume 8, number 1. – 73 р. : ill.

Екологічні проблеми

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Content (Vol. 8, No 1)


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    Influence of air transport on the environment
    (Видавництво Львівської політехніки, 2023-02-28) Popovych, Olena; Zakharko, Yaroslava; Teren, Uliana; Lviv Polytechnic National University
    In the modern world, aviation plays an extremely important role because it allows us to cover thousands of kilometres quickly. Every year, more and more new airlines are created, trying to win the favour of passengers. Aviation serves almost all points of the globe. The main task of the industry is to ensure the rapid and sustainable development of aviation technology and infrastructure and to adapt existing capacities to new opportunities for their operation. Air transport is an integral part of the modern system of economic relations. In the conditions of the progressive international division of labour and the growth of international economic and cultural ties, its importance for the world economy is becoming increasingly significant. Air transport belongs to the branches of the world economy that develops much faster than others. Today, one of the main sources of atmospheric pollution is transport. Although aviation is significantly (approximately 15 times) inferior to road transport in terms of the pollutants emitted into the air, it affects the ecology of the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere every day. The peculiarity is that aviation affects air quality at the local, regional and global levels, unlike other forms of transport. The share of air transport in the world economy is constantly growing, which is facilitated by both technological development and the latest developments in the aviation industry, as well as globalization and ever-closer business and cultural ties between different countries of the world (Civil Code of Ukraine, 2003).
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    Contents
    (Видавництво Львівської політехніки, 2023-02-28)
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    Biting the bullet: the case of households’ resilience to water supply and sanitation deficit in Nigeria
    (Видавництво Львівської політехніки, 2023-02-28) Daramola, Oluwole; Olowoporoku, Oluwaseun; Mobolaji, David; Obafemi Awolowo University
    This study conceptually assesssed household resilience to water supply and sanitation deficit in Nigeria. It expressed water supply and sanitation situation in Nigeria in terms of historical background and organisation structure of water supply and sanitation and highlighted cases of water supply and sanitation across states and geopolitical zones to reflect the precarious water supply and sanitation condition in Nigeria. Coping strategies that households have adopted in addressing water supply and sanitation deficit were categorised into four: enhancing or supplementing available quantity of water and quality of sanitation facilities; accommodating unreliable water supply supplies and lack of sanitation facilities; improving water and sanitation quality; and collective action and voice. These coping strategies are determined by household socioeconomic status and location (urban or rural) and the extent of unreliability of supply service and their adoption places serious health, financial and social implications on the households. The study concluded that inadequate water supply and sanitation impose significant coping burdens on households, making the household resilience a case of biting the bullet and proffered recommendations that aimed at mitigating water supply and sanitation deficit in Nigeria and other countries with similar background.
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    Implementation of the european green strategy. Synergy of educational, scientific, managerial and industrial components for climate management and climate change prevention / Climan Erasmus+ KA2
    (Видавництво Львівської політехніки, 2023-02-28) Liuta, Oksana; Malovanyy, Myroslav; Vnukova, Nataliia; Tymchuk, Ivan; Zhelnovach, Ganna; Kordzadze, Tea; Lviv Polytechnic National University; Kharkiv National Automobile and Highway University; Akaki Tsereteli State University
    The urgent problems related to environmental and climate factors, the solution of which requires the involvement of highly qualified and narrow-profile specialists capable of solving and developing effective measures to minimize the negative effects of global warming, were analyzed. The analysis demonstrates that today in Ukraine, there is an urgent need to train climate management specialists due to the global nature of this problem. The main aspects and advantages of the participation of Ukrainian universities in the joint project Erasmus+ KA2 “Synergy of educational, scientific, managerial and industrial components for climate management and climate change prevention” (Climan), which promotes the implementation of multi-level education and professional training on climate services, climate change adaptation and mitigation at the local, national and regional levels are presented. The important particularities and innovative results of the project implementation in higher education institutions in Ukraine, which involve creating climate management centres based on educational institutions, developing interdisciplinary training modules Climate Management, and training qualified climate managers, were described.
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    Environmentally safe reclamation of solid waste landfills
    (Видавництво Львівської політехніки, 2023-02-28) Grechanik, Ruslan; Malovanyy, Myroslav; Korbut, Mariia; Petrushka, Kateryna; Luchyt, Liubov; Boyko, Ruslan; Synelnikov, Serhiy; Bordun, Ihor; Ministry of Environmental Protection and Natural Resources of Ukraine; Lviv Polytechnic National University; Zhytomyr Polytechnic State University; Armed Forces of Ukraine; Czestochowa University of Technology
    The main stages of the reclamation of solid waste landfills have been considered. The processes that limit ensuring the ecological safety of reclamation have been identified. In particular, three stages that may be hazardous for the environment have been highlighted: leachate treatment, preparation of soil or substrate for biological reclamation, and preparation of seeds and planting material. Leachate treatment by the aeration method in an aerated lagoon is recommended. The prospect of using such a process has been investigated in laboratory conditions. To ensure the prolonged release of nutrients in the reclamation layer, it is suggested to use encapsulated fertilizers. The effectiveness of the encapsulated fertilizer covered with a PET shell has been studied. For afforestation using high-quality planting material, the use of in vitro microcloning technology is proposed. The perspective of the method is shown in the example of microcloning of the white mulberry Morus alba L.
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    Development of environmentally safe technologies for the extraction of plant raw materials
    (Видавництво Львівської політехніки, 2023-02-28) Dyachok, Vasyl; Venher, Liubov; Ivankiv, Oksana; Diachok, Iruna; Lviv Polytechnic National University; Danylo Halytsky Lviv National Medical University
    The peculiarity of solid bodies of organic origin, in contrast to solid bodies of mineral origin, is that their internal structure is characterized by the presence of two spaces – cellular and intercellular. Such bodies tend to swell upon contact with the extractant. The phenomenon of swelling, during extraction, is always accompanied by the dissolution of target substances contained in the cellular and intercellular space. All these processes create conditions for the diffusion of the dissolved target substance through the cell membrane into the intercellular space, and then through the intercellular space beyond the boundaries of the solid phase particle. This helps to increase the volumes of the cellular and intercellular environment. The absolute value of the volumes of cellular and intercellular spaces is one of the most important values when developing and calculating extraction processes and forecasting environmentally safe technologies for obtaining biologically active compounds. The work presents a method of experimentally calculating the volumes of intercellular and cellular spaces of medicinal plant raw materials of various morphological organs. The established absolute values of the volumes of the cellular and intercellular spaces make it possible to calculate the order of diffusion coefficients of biologically active compounds in the medium of the intercellular space, as well as in the cell membrane. In the future, the determined values of the volumes provide grounds for predicting the regime, kinetics and dynamics of extraction of target substances during the implementation of an environmentally safe technology for obtaining biologically active compounds in production, as well as to support the monitoring of production processes of extraction in digital mode.
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    Impact of physico-chemical characteristics on aquatic biodiversity of five prospected wetlands from Kipushi mining site in Haut-Katanga province in the Democratic Republic of the Congo
    (Видавництво Львівської політехніки, 2023-02-28) Mbale, Henri Kunzi; Mwamba, Marc wa Tshakapeta; Bongo, Gédéon Ngiala; University of Kinshasa; Environmental Assessment, Building capacity and Consulting, Kinshasa; Centre Mbale Kunzi of Ecology and Biodiversity Monitoring in the Congo Basin
    The development of mining industrialization is one of the factors that have favored the pollution of aquatic ecosystems. The main purpose of this study was to assess the influence of physico-chemical parameters of surface waters on the abundance of hydrophytes in 5 wetlands in Kipushi city, Haut-Katanga Province in DRC. Samples were collected from four rivers, of which: Kanyameshi, Kafubu, Kipushi, Kamarenge and Lake Kamarenge. The study used the presses for the preparation of herbariums as well as multifunction probe for physico-chemical analyses in situ and a spectrophotometer (415 nm) for some parameters. For environmental observations, the analysis of sediments allows to assess the pollution level by metallic trace elements, which breaks the ecological balance of this aquatic ecosystem. The abundance indices of plant species in each waterbody were subjected to a Factorial Component Analysis in order to identify the distribution of the elements of the dominant plant associations. Data analysis was performed using PAST software. The findings showed 29 species distributed in 26 genera, 13 families and 11 orders. The Confirmatory Factor Analysis showed the distribution of plant groupings following a gradient of mineralization of the zones as well as that of abundance-dominance. Physico-chemical parameters influence the distribution of hydrophytes in wetlands. They constitute indicators of toxicity having an adverse consequence on the aquatic ecosystem for these metallic elements are not biodegradable. The more there is accumulation of dissolved metals in water, the more they create an environmental hazard.
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    Legislative and administrative approaches to household solid waste management
    (Видавництво Львівської політехніки, 2023-02-28) Struchok, Volodymyr; Ternopil Ivan Puluj National Technical University
    The evolution and content of the Ukrainian Laws “On Waste”, “On Strategic Ecological Valuation”, “On Waste Management” as key documents of the national legislative base regarding the treatment and management of waste, including household, on the subject of their ability to provide administration solutions to growing problems in the specified field of activity are investigated. In particular, it is established that the evolution of the title of the executive power central body (CBEP) in the current Law of Ukraine “On Waste”, which is at present the main one in Ukraine regarding household waste (HW) management, has proceeded from rather specific to quite blurred parallel to the significant increase of problems in the sphere of HW treatment, specific sources of funding of the above-mentioned treatment have not been prescribed at the state level. In the procedure of strategic ecological valuation (SEV) of the state planning documents (SPD), a large number of authorities at all stages of customer valuation (executive power body, local government) and non-availability of participation of the rest of SEV individuals (executive power central bodies (CBEP), regional state administration (RSA), public) at the final stages, particularly, at such important one as monitoring the consequences SPD execution for the environment and public health is determined. The dependence of the flow depth of HW processing from financing and implementation of regional and local waste management plans is proved. Schemes of management and HW treatment are given, and their functioning, in particular, the essence of HW management, is investigated. It is established that at this stage of the country's life for the next seven years, there are no necessary sources for funding the investment programs in HW management. Therefore, it is reasonable to attract budget funds, contributions from investors and grants from the countries of the European Union and the world.The ways to solve the problems in waste management are proposed.
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    The use of oil and fat waste in technological systems for sustainable development
    (Видавництво Львівської політехніки, 2023-02-28) Bodachivska, Larysa; Papeikin, Oleksii; Safronov, Oleg; Venger, Irina; Spas`ka, Olena; V. P. Kukhar Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry and Petrochemistry of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine; University of Silesia in Katowice
    The paper shows the possibility of efficiently using oilseed production and processing waste. The methods of chemical transformation of by-products of oil and fat production into technological systems for sustainable development have been developed. They have been used to create surfactants and lubricant systems for hydrocarbon production and wwllorkover of wells; polyfunctional additives used as components of lubricants and cutting fluids to improve their antioxidant, extreme pressure, antiwear, lubricating, and cooling properties of metalworking processes. Technological systems have been developed that, along with increased functional properties, have improved biodegradability and caused minimal environmental harm.