Вимірювальна техніка та метрологія. – 2022. – Випуск 83, №1

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Measuring Equipment and Metrology : scientific journal. – Lviv : Lviv Politechnic Publishing House, 2022. – Volume 83, № 1. – 52 р.

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Study of the metrological characteristics of conductivity sensors
(Lviv Politechnic Publishing House, 2022) Bubela Tetiana; Moiseieva Viktoriia
Conductivity measurement is a universal method of process control. Measurement is fast and straightforward, and most modern sensors only require little maintenance. The measured conductivity value is applied to obtain different assumptions about what happens in the substance, so such measurements are relevant when controlling technological processes and products in various industries (e.g., food, pharmaceutical). The main metrological characteristics of sensors for measuring conductivity LDL100, LDL200 are analyzed in the article. Studies have been carried out for various objects: non-carbonated mineral water, fruit juice, and tap water.
Group expert evaluation of quality criteria of the educational program for the field of metrology and information-measuring technique
(Lviv Politechnic Publishing House, 2022) Gordiyenko Tetyana; Velychko Oleh
Abstract. The article’s urgency of researching the importance of the applied national criteria for the quality of the educational program (CQEP) for higher education institutions (HEI) was established. The approach to group expert assessment of the weight of CQEP for the educational program (EP) in the field of metrology and information-measuring technique was studied. Members of one of the sectoral expert councils on technical specialties are involved in carrying out such assessments. To achieve this goal, the composition and requirements of the CQEP sub-criteria are analyzed, the algorithm of group expert assessment of the CQEP weight was proposed and substantiated, and the priority of the CQEP sub-criteria based on the conducted assessment was established. Conducting a quality assessment of EPs by experts and the National Agency for Quality Assurance in Higher Education according to clearly estalished criteria and sub-criteria helps to improve the quality of EPs of HEI. Although the HEI should pay attention to all the established criteria (sub-criteria), more attention should be paid to those identified by experts as the most important and those that significantly affect the quality of EP. It is established thatsuch criteria include, first of all, training through research, human resources, teaching, and learning in the educational program. At the same time, the experts of technical specialties have the most doubts about the sub-criteria of the CQEP for internal quality assurance of the EP (K8), and this criterion itself is not considered important by them. At the same time, a large number of CQEP sub-criteria regarding the structure and content of the EP are also questionable, although they consider this criterion to be important. Therefore, these sub-criteria of the CQEP need special attention during the next revision of the set of CQEP to better balance the system of sub-criteria of the CQEP.
Metrological risks in management system of product quality at the manufacturing stage
(Lviv Politechnic Publishing House, 2020) Korchynska Olha-Solomiia; Hut Taras
A method of estimating the size of metrological risk using a comprehensive indicator is being proposed in our article. It gives the possibility to assess the weight of the impact of each structural level on the comprehensive indicator, identifies the factors that cause this risk and vulnerabilities in the system of metrological support of production.
Acoustic thermometry of temperature distribution in fuel rods at the design stage
(Lviv Politechnic Publishing House, 2022) Lutsyk Yaroslav; Likhnovsky Ihor; Riznyk Anastasiia; Szlachta Anna
At the stage of design and testing of fuel rods for reactors that must operate in complex temperature and mechanical conditions, it is important to establish the maximum allowable temperature regimes, in particular the temperature istribution along the fuel rods. An ultrasonic control seems to be one of the possible non-destructive methods for assessing product quality. We consider the ultrasonic devices to monitor operational temperature modes of fuel rods and can propose the pulsed multi-zone thermometers as the optimal type.
Metrological risks and state of the monitored objects
(Lviv Politechnic Publishing House, 2022) Yatsyshyn Svyatoslav; Baitsar Roman; Lazarenko Serhiy; Lazarenko Nadiia; Mastylo Rostyslav
The metrological risks of goods production are studied in the work. They are estimated conjugating with the existing technology as well as its metrological support. It is confirmed that in addition to the factors due to the processing of measurement results, the peculiarities of metrological support should be taken into account. One of the characteristic parameters of the metrological instruments is the variance of the measured value. Multiple measurements of the electrical resistance of the mentioned instruments – high-precision resistors designed for indirect measurement of current by measuring the voltage on them, using a DC bridge, were performed. The variance of obtained results is estimated, depending on the number of repeated measurements, the time interval between them, etc.
Studies of thermometric material Lu1-xZrxNiSb
(Lviv Politechnic Publishing House, 2022) Pashkevych Volodymyr; Krayovskyy Volodymyr; Rokomanyuk Mariya; Haranuk Petro; Romaka Volodymyr; Stadnyk Yuriy; Romaka Lyubov; Horyn Andriy; Fruchart Daniel
The results of experimental research of perspective thermometric material Lu1-xZrxNiSb which can be used for the production of sensitive elements of thermoelectric and electroresistive thermometers are presented. Thermometric materials Lu1–xZrxNiSb, x = 0.01 – 0.10, were made by fusing a charge of components in an electric arc furnace with a tungsten electrode (cathode) in an atmosphere of purified argon under a pressure of 0.1 kPa on a copper water cooled hearth (anode). Heat treatment of alloys consisted of homogenizing annealing at a temperature of 1073 K. Annealing of samples was carried out for 720 h in vacuumed up to 1.0 Pa ampoules of quartz glass in muffle electric furnaces with temperature control with an accuracy of ±10 K. Diffraction arrays were obtained on a diffractometer DRON-4.0 (FeKα radiation), and the structural characteristics of Lu1–xZrxNiSb were calculated using the Fullprof program. The chemical and phase compositions of the samples were monitored using a scanning electron microscope (Tescan Vega 3 LMU). The study of the temperature dependences of the resistivity ρ(T, x) and the thermopower coefficient α(T, x) Lu1–xZrxNiSb was performed in the temperature range of 80÷400 K on samples in the form of rectangular parallelepipeds measuring ~1.0×1.0×5.0 mm3. Measurements of the values of the specific magnetic susceptibility χ(x) of Lu1–xZrxNiSb samples were performed by the relative Faraday method at a temperature of 273 K using a thermogravimetric installation with an electronic microbalance EM-5-ZMP in magnetic fields up to 10 kGs. Microprobe analysis of the concentration of atoms on the surface of Lu1–xZrxNiSb samples, x = 0.01–0.10, established their correspondence to the initial compositions of the charge, and X-ray phase analysis showed no traces of extraneous phases on the sample diffractograms, except for the main phase. The nonmonotonic nature of the change in the values of the unit cell period of the thermometric material an(x) Lu1–xZrxNiSb, x = 0.01 – 0.10, which differs from the results of modeling structural characteristics using software packages AkaiKKR and Elk. The nonmonotonic change in the values of the period of the unit cell a(x) Lu1–xZrxNiSb and the presence of the extremum dependence suggests that the impurity Zr atoms introduced into the matrix of the LuNiSb basic semiconductor can simultaneously occupy partially different crystallographic positions in different ratios. The temperature resistivities ρ and the thermopower coefficient α of the LuNiSb base semiconductor contain high- and low-temperature activation regions, which is characteristic of doped and compensated semiconductors. The introduction into the LuNiSb structure of the lowest concentration of impurity Zr atoms in the experiment (x = 0.01) radically changes both the behavior of the temperature dependences of the resistivity ρ and the thermopower coefficient α and the type of the main electric current carriers. The values of the resistivity ρ(T, x) Lu1–xZrxNiSb only increase with increasing temperature, which is characteristic of the metallic type of electrical conductivity and is due to the mechanisms of scattering of current carriers. This nature of the change in electrical resistance ρ(T, x) is evidence that the Fermi level εF has left the bandgap εg and is in the conduction band εC. This is indicated by the negative values of thermopower coefficient α(T, x) at all сoncentrations and temperatures. Studies of the magnetic susceptibility χ(x) showed that the samples as a basic semiconductor LuNiSb, as well as the thermometric material Lu1–xZrxNiSb, at all concentrations of impurities Zr, are Pauli paramagnetic. There is a synchronicity of the behavior of χ(x) with the dependences of the resistivity ρ(x, T) and the thermopower coefficient α(x, T), which is due to the change in the density of states at the Fermi level g(εF). The results of experimental studies of the Lu1–xZrxNiSb thermometric material completely coincide with the results of modeling its kinetic characteristics under the presence of vacancies in the crystallographic positions 4a and 4c of the Lu and Ni atoms, respectively. Such studies allow making adjustments in the structural studies of thermometric material with an accuracy that significantly exceeds the accuracy of X-ray research methods. The obtained results will allow us to clarify the spatial arrangement of atoms in the nodes of the unit cell, as well as to identify the mechanisms of electrical conductivity to determine the conditions for the synthesis of thermosensitive materials with maximum efficiency of thermal energy conversion into electricity.
Electrokinetic characteristics of structurally disordered binary alloy Ni1-xPx
(Lviv Politechnic Publishing House, 2022) Stadnyk Bohdan; Skoropad Pylyp; Yatsyshyn Svyoslav
The paper presents the results of studies of the temperature dependences of the resistivity ρ(T) and the Seebeck coefficient S(T) of binary structurally disordered alloys of the Ni1–xPx system. It was found that at 0.10 < x < 0.25 the absolute value of S(T) increases with phosphorus concentration and changes the sign, becoming positive at x > 0.18. The resistivity ρ increases with x, the temperature coefficient of electrical resistance α decreases and becomes negative, and S also increases and becomes positive near x = 0.18. These results agree with the Mooij correlation and the r-S correlation for the studied samples, namely for samples with high resistivity S > 0 and for samples with low resistivity – S < 0, which is observed in some non magnetic structurally disordered alloys. Thus, the Ni1-xPx system covers the range and behavior of electrokinetic characteristics that are characteristic of a few structurally disordered alloys. For x < 0.175 dependencies r(T) and S(T) of the studied samples are similar to those observed in ferromagnetic structurally disordered iron-based alloys.

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