Environmental Problems. – 2016. – Vol. 1, No. 2
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Науковий журнал
Засновник і видавець Національний університет «Львівська політехніка». Виходить двічі на рік з 2016 року.
Environmental problems = Екологічні проблеми : [науковий журнал] / Lviv Polytechnic National University ; [editor-in-chief M. Malovanyy]. – Lviv : Publishing House of Lviv Polytechnic National University, 2016. – Volume 1, number 2. – 168 p. : il.
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Item Analysis and forecast of the environmental radioactivity dynamics based on the methods of chaos theory: general conceptions(Publishing House of Lviv Polytechnic National University, 2016) Glushkov, Alexander; Safranov, Timur; Khetselius, Olga; Ignatenko, Anna; Buyadzhi, Vasily; Svinarenko, AndreyFor the first time, we present a completely new technique of analysis, processing and forecasting of any time series of the environmental radioactivity dynamics, which schematically is as follows: a) general qualitative analysis of a dynamical problem, typical environmental radioactivity dynamics (including a qualitative analysis from the viewpoint of ordinary differential equations, the “Arnold-analysis”); b) checking for the presence of chaotic (stochastic) features and regimes (the Gottwald-Melbourne’s test; the correlation dimension method); c) reducing the phase space (the choice of time delay, the definition of the embedding space by the correlation dimension methods and false nearest neighbours algorithms); d) determination of the dynamic invariants of a chaotic system (computation of the global Lyapunov dimension la; determination of the Kaplan-Yorke dimension dL and average limits of predictability Prmax on the basis of the advanced algorithms; e) a nonlinear prediction (forecasting) of any dynamical system evolution. The last block really includes new (in the theory of environmental radioactivity dynamics and environmental protection) methods and algorithms of nonlinear prediction such as methods of predicted trajectories, stochastic propagators and neural networks modeling, renormanalysis with blocks of polynomial approximations, wavelet-expansions etc.Item Advanced modeling and forecasting of pollutant concentrations temporal dynamics in the atmosphere of an industrial city (gdansk region)(Publishing House of Lviv Polytechnic National University, 2016) Glushkov, Alexander; Safranov, Timur; Khetselius, Olga; Prepelitsa, Georgy; Bunyakova, Yuliya; Bykowszczenko, NataliyaIn the paper we present the results of an advanced investigation of dynamics of variations of the atmospheric pollutants (sulphur dioxide) concentrations in the air basins of Polish industrial cities (Gdansk region) by using the improved non-linear prediction and chaos theory methods. Chaotic behavior of the sulphurous anhydride concentration time series at two sites in the city of Gdansk has been computed. As usually, to reconstruct the corresponding chaotic attractor, it is necessary to determine time delay and embedding dimension. The former is determined by the methods of autocorrelation function and average mutual information, and the latter is calculated by means of the correlation dimension method and algorithm of false nearest neighbours. Further, the Lyapunov exponents’ spectrum, the Kaplan-Yorke dimension and the Kolmogorov entropy and other invariants are calculated. An existence of a low-D chaos in the cited system is confirmed and using polynominal algorithm with neural networks block allows making an improved short-term forecast of the atmospheric pollutant fluctuations dynamics.Item Change of bacterial amount during sonication(Publishing House of Lviv Polytechnic National University, 2016) Koval, Iryna; Shevchuk, LiliyaThe dynamics of the change of microbial amounts in water medium in sonication time was determined. Gases bubbling of different nature into the reaction medium for water disinfection from bacteria under cavitation conditions is proposed in the article. The rate constants of destruction of Bacillus cereus bacteria type in the gas atmosphere are expected. It was determined that the processes microorganisms’ destruction at bubbling of all investigated gases are described by the kinetic equations of the first order.Item Сontents "Environmental problems" Volume 1, number 2(Publishing House of Lviv Polytechnic National University, 2016)Item Complex water treatment of agroindustrial complexes(Publishing House of Lviv Polytechnic National University, 2016) Sabadash, Vira; Gumnitsky, Jaroslav; Tyzrbir, GalynaThe aim of this work was studying the process of phosphate adsorption on natural and synthesized adsorbents such as aluminosilicates. Sorption properties of natural zeolite concerning phosphates in static and dynamic conditions were investigated. It was found that phosphates were absorbed better in an acidic environment. Zeolites based on fly ashes of Dobrotvir heat power plant were synthesized and modified. The equilibrium values of adsorption capacity were established and the proper isotherms at a temperature 20 °C were built.Item Water resources of Ukraine: usage, qualitive and quantitative assessment (with detail description of Odessa region)(Publishing House of Lviv Polytechnic National University, 2016) Safranov, Tamerlan; Berlinskyi, Nikolai; Volkov, AndreiThe level of pollutant in river and reservoirs water in Ukraine is rather high. The assessment of the modern state of water resources in the different regions had been done. In generally it was determined that water infrastructure in Ukraine needs reconstruction. New State Program of Water Management Conception and new Law about water management up to 2020 had been approved. Nine basins committees were organized. Committees are composed of representatives of science, practical specialists and the public. The main directions of this Program were supported by World Summit on Sustainable Development.Item Environmental safety of water bodies and coastal areas using the method of water environment bioindication by means of macrophytes(Publishing House of Lviv Polytechnic National University, 2016) Bondarchuk, Olga; Petruk, Vasyl; Kvaterniyk, SergiyThe purpose of this work is to improve the ecological state of water bodies and coastal area of the “Enerhoharant” LLC company by implementing a series of environmental measures based on research of their ecosystems and environmental-economic assessment that will enable largely to solve the problem of optimal use of natural resources for the recreational purposes.Item Mathematical modelling of the population dynamics of hunting mammals based on recurrent equation system(Publishing House of Lviv Polytechnic National University, 2016) Trach, Іryna; Petruk, Vasyl; Kvaternyuk, Sergy; Titov, ТarasRegression analysis of the population dynamics of hunting mammals based on Khmilnytskyi forestry was made. Correlation analysis of the observations results between the populations of spotted deer and wisent, spotted deer and wild boar, lepus and fox was made. Modelling of the population dynamics of hunting mammals was done using Mathcad based on the system of recurrent logistics equations and the adequacy of the model by the Pearson's criteria was proved.Item Reduction of environmental hazard of Hudrogen Sulfide emission from sewerage pipelines and visual pollution, formed by degassing units(Publishing House of Lviv Polytechnic National University, 2016) Iurchenko, Valentina; Lebedeva, ElenaAt some sites of the sewage collector in Kharkov concentration of hydrogen sulfide in the underroof space exceeds in thousands of times daily average MPC. As a result the gaseous emissions from the sewage network in the city atmosphere the content of hydrogen sulfide in the atmosphere of residential development area may exceed the MPCd.a. The degasifier, installed above the sewage shaft efficiently rectifies gas releases. Design solutions are developed, which allow to harmonize degasifiers on sewerage nets with urban environment of different application.Item Prospects of using methods effective use of alternative energy(Publishing House of Lviv Polytechnic National University, 2016) Bukhkalo, Svetlana; Olkhovska, OksanaThe article presents the possibility of the development of science-based concept of integrated processes complex enterprises energy mix (alternative energy and polymer wastes). A review of the literature and the necessary articles written on the subject: as technologies and economies develop and become more complex, energy needs increase greatly; types and methods of alternative energy, as well as the possibility of calculating the basic set of main economic indicators are classified; identified possible areas of work in obtaining the necessary information and results. The results of studies of complex innovative projects conducted as interuniversity cooperation.Item Qualitative and quantitative characteristics of biogas of cyanea organic mass(Publishing House of Lviv Polytechnic National University, 2016) Digtiar, SergyThe article discusses the results of studies of the methane production from cyan biomass based on the data obtained in the course of a laboratory experiments. The yield of biogas was calculated from the substrate per unit volume, and its energy properties were determined. Experimental data indicates the feasibility and economic viability of this biotechnology.Item Reducing energy consumption and CO2 emissions of Coke Plant(Publishing House of Lviv Polytechnic National University, 2016) Ulyev, Leonid; Boldyryev, Stanislav; Vasilyev, Mihail; Zebeshev, Temirkhan; Khusanov, AlisherThe efficient energy use of Coke Oven Plant is considered in this paper. The main objective is the reduction of energy consumption and reducing CO2 emissions per production unit by use of waste heat for various needs of production site demands. The considered process consumes the external hot utilities 25.4 MW and cold utilities 24.9 MW. The use of waste heat for district heating and hot water supply allow reducing the external cold utilities by 23.5 MW. This heat can be used for heating of 1,869,825.6 m3 in apartment buildings, municipal facilities, shopping malls and etc. The use of waste heat from flue gases for electricity production allows obtaining additionally about 7.5 MW of power that can be utilized for production needs and exported outside. The provided case studies show the pathway for an efficient retrofit of coke production and most profitable ways for investment.Item Studying and forecasting of the phosphates pollution dynamics in watersheds and antropogenic water management landscape dynamics: application to the small carpathians rivers’ watersheds(Publishing House of Lviv Polytechnic National University, 2016) Glushkov, Alexander; Khokhlov, Valery; Serbov, Mykola; Buyadzhi, Vasily; Bunyakova, Yuliya; Solyanikova, ElenaThe paper concerns the results of the quantitative study of dynamics for phosphates concentrations in the Small Carpathians rivers watersheds in Earthen Slovakia by using methods of nonlinear analysis and forecasting, chaos theory and dynamical systems. The conclusions can be viewed from the perspective of carrying out new algorithms for analysis and forecasting of the dynamics and evolution of anthropogenic water management landscape. Chaotic behaviour of the phosphates concentration time series in the watersheds of the Small Carpathians is studied. It is shown that low-D chaos exists in the time series under investigation.Item Administration of the system of municipal solid waste management Lublin experience in the period from 2007 until 2010(Publishing House of Lviv Polytechnic National University, 2016) Lutek, WojciechThis article presents main concepts of building modern system of communal resources management in Lublin. The author indicates major tools used for realisation of the project, describing the results of introducing above mentioned system in the first four years of its functioning (2007–2010).