Environmental Problems. – 2023. – Vol. 8, No. 2

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Науковий журнал

Засновник і видавець Національний університет «Львівська політехніка». Виходить двічі на рік з 2016 року.

Environmental Problems = Екологічні проблеми : [науковий журнал] / Lviv Polytechnic National University ; [editor-in-chief M. Malovanyy]. – Lviv : Lviv Politechnic Publishing House, 2023. – Volume 8, number 2. – P. 71–136 : ill.

Зміст


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Content (Vol. 8, No 2)


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    Contents
    (Видавництво Львівської політехніки, 2023-02-28)
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    Study of the anaerobic process of industrial water purification in combination with sorption methods
    (Видавництво Львівської політехніки, 2023-02-28) Popovych, Olena; Havryshko, Marianna; Yaremko, Halyna; Makovskiy, Yevhenii; Lviv Polytechnic National University
    The issues of rational use of natural resources, ecological safety and environmental protection are extremely urgent and require immediate human influence on the optimization of technological processes, reducing the impact on the ecosystem. The implementation of food industry technology is accompanied by the formation of a significant amount of wastewater, into which about a third of processed raw materials go, and the concentration of polluting components in them is 10...100 times higher than in household water. The choice of wastewater treatment methods depends on their composition, prospects for further use, the economic feasibility of applying the methods, and the payback rate of the equipment. Therefore, the modern direction of the development of scientific research and wastewater treatment technology consists in the development of fundamentally new methods of deep wastewater treatment and the study of the possibility of using sorbents of natural and artificial origin.
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    Technical and technological aspects of biological reclamation using anthropogenic organic waste in composition with sewage sludge
    (Видавництво Львівської політехніки, 2023-02-28) Tymchuk, Ivan; Lviv Polytechnic National University
    A systematic modern analysis of the state of waste management in the country encourages the search for more rational, efficient and cost-effective ways of processing and recycling solid waste. The inclusion of sewage sludge as a raw material in technologies for processing substrates makes it possible to solve the problems of accumulation and negative environmental impact of this hazardous waste, in addition to the problems of recycling. Promising strategies for the use of sewage sludge in combination with other components for reclamation purposes are considered: the production of substrates by direct mixing without any physical and chemical transformation of the substrate before application for reclamation purposes; composting to obtain reclamation compost; preliminary anaerobic biodegradation with the formation of biogas and subsequent use of digestate for reclamation purposes. The conditions for the application of the strategies, their advantages and disadvantages are analyzed.
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    Dynamics of carbon dioxide adsorption by carbon nanotubes
    (Видавництво Львівської політехніки, 2023-02-28) Sabadash, Vira; Gumnitsky, Jaroslaw; Lopushansky, Oleksiy; Matsuska, Oksana; Nowik-Zając, Anna; Lviv Polytechnic National University; Lviv National University of Veterinary Medicine and Biotechnologies named after S. Z. Gzhytskyi; Jan Dlugosz University in Czestochowa
    This article is devoted to the study of the carbon dioxide adsorption process. The relevance of using carbon nanotubes for adsorbing carbon dioxide from industrial emissions is that carbon nanotubes have a high surface area and can effectively interact with carbon dioxide molecules. In addition, they have high mechanical strength and chemical resistance, which makes them attractive for industrial use. Carbon nanotubes have the potential to reduce carbon dioxide emissions and reduce the negative impact on the environment. Using carbon nanotubes in the industry can help reduce greenhouse gas emissions and the environmental impact of burning fossil fuels. Purpose. The work aimed to study the prospects of using carbon nanomaterials to purify industrial emissions from carbon dioxide in a fluidized state. The scientific novelty of the topic "Dynamics of carbon dioxide adsorption by carbon nanotubes" is the study of the influence of temperature and gas velocity on the initial curves of CO2 adsorption dynamics in the fluidized state.
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    The investigation of the porous structure of carbon sorbents based on β-cyclodextrin for use in environmental protection technologies
    (Видавництво Львівської політехніки, 2023-02-28) Bordun, Ihor; Malovanyy, Myroslav; Szymczykiewicz, Ewelina; Czestochowa University of Technology; Lviv Polytechnic National University
    In this paper, the porous structure of three types of β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) carbons was synthesized and investigated. The first carbon was obtained from pure β-CD, the second carbon was synthesized from β-CD using the KOH activator, and the third carbon was synthesized from pure β-CD with additional ultrasonic treatment in the non-cavitation mode at the last stage. It was found that the carbon from pure β-CD has a micromesoporous structure with a small specific surface area (~35 m2/g). Activation with KOH causes a significant increase in the specific surface area (~654 m2/g) due to an increase in the content of micropores with an average size of 1,25 nm. The ultrasonic treatment causes mechanical grinding and oxidation of the carbon surface. It has been shown that such treatment increases the mesopore content and significantly changes the mesopore size distribution. It has been established that the oxidation of the β-CD carbon surface after ultrasonic treatment causes an increase in its hydrophilicity of up to 83,1%. The increase in hydrophilicity will allow more efficient use of synthesized carbon and composites based on it in solving the problems of environmental safety in water environments.
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    The influence of terrain, climatic conditions and factors on the atmospheric air monitoring system, based on the implementation of eu legislation on the example of Lviv region
    (Видавництво Львівської політехніки, 2023-02-28) Kravets, Ihor; Malovanyy, Myroslav; Tymchuk, Ivan; Shkvirko, Oksana; Department of Ecology and Natural Resources of the Lviv Regional State Administration; Lviv Polytechnic National University
    The article is devoted to the influence of terrain, landscapes, and meteorological conditions on the establishment of air quality monitoring points in the relevant territory of the Lviv region. The main factors affecting the distribution of the concentration of pollutants in atmospheric air during the design of air monitoring stations have been determined. It was established that the level of the surface concentration of pollutants increases with an increase in the power of the emission source, the density, and size of impurity particles, and decreases with an increase in the height and radius of the orifice of the emission source, the temperature of the emission, and the rate of release of impurities from the source.
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    An initial data-limited modeling of the environmental consequences: case-study of the vasylkiv fuel reservoir fire
    (Видавництво Львівської політехніки, 2023-02-28) Radomska, Margaryta; Stevens, Rodney; Semkiv, Marta; Yatsenko, Yuliia; Lysovenko, Serhii; National Aviation University; University of Gothenburg; Institute of Cell Biology, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine; Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv; Institute of Superhard Materials, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine
    The paper presents the application of the Multi-Criteria Evaluation of environmental damage under the conditions of limited available data. War actions often cause damage to industrial facilities, which in turn impacts the environment. At the same time, access to such sites and information about the development of specific events may be limited or fragmented. To support the decision-making process in such situations, the Multi-Criteria Evaluation offers structured and transparent utilization of the known quantitative and qualitative information. The Vasylkiv fuel depot fire in Kryachki village during the early days of the war was analyzed in terms of potential damage to soil, which is often omitted in the assessments of the environmental impacts of fire. The case-study analysis included a definition of the “fire-environment” system components and the factors affecting the final level of damage, the weighting of these factors and formulation of the trends describing the intensity of soil pollution as a product of particular factor values. The set dependencies were then used to model scenarios with variable meteorological conditions and varied infrastructural conditions of the reservoir park. The modelling results imply the need to account for meteorological parameters in the evaluation of environmental damage and the development of post-accident mitigation plans. The Multi-Criteria Evaluation is also recommended for preparing for potential accidents since it can compensate for the lack of data through theoretical knowledge and practical experience if a multidisciplinary team is involved.
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    Influence of heavy metals oxides on the pollution of the soil environment as a consequence of military actions
    (Видавництво Львівської політехніки, 2023-02-28) Petrushka, Kateryna; Petrushka, Ihor; Lviv Polytechnic National University
    Heavy metals enter the soil in the form of oxides and salts (both soluble and practically insoluble in water). There is an assumption that heavy metal oxides are fixed mainly in the solid phase of the soil, especially in a neutral or alkaline pH environment. It should be noted that their toxic effect depends entirely on such factors as the type of soil and the pH of the pore solution. The behavior of heavy metals in soils is significantly different from the behavior of most cations of macroelements. The purpose of this work is to assess the anthropogenic impact of heavy metal oxides, as well as accompanying oxides that are formed as a result of an explosion on the ground. To assess the degree of soil contamination, distribution and immobilization of heavy metals in the soils of industrial agglomerations.
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    Static regulations of urea (carbamide) adsorption by wet and dried peat
    (Видавництво Львівської політехніки, 2023-02-28) Matsuska, Oksana; Sukhorska, Olga; Gumnitsky, Jaroslaw; Sabadash, Vira; Lviv Polytechnic National University
    The possibility and effectiveness of using a natural sorbent – peat from the Vereshchytsia-Yanivske deposit for treating agricultural wastewater with a high urea content – has been studied. The humidity and moisture content of the upland and lowland types of peat from this peatland were determined. Comparing these indicators made it possible to establish that the lowland peat has a significantly higher humidity and moisture content. The adsorption capacities of wet and dried types of peat for urea were studied and compared. The changes in urea concentration in aqueous solutions of the studied peat samples are presented by the corresponding curves. It was established that the lowland peat (dried samples) has higher sorption properties to urea when absorbed from the water environment than the upland type. In the adsorption of non-dried peat, curves were obtained, which show a gradual decrease in the concentration of urea in the solution, indicating the gradual filling of the active centres of peat with urea molecules. For pre-dried peat, rapid absorption of this pollutant is observed at the initial moments (approximately up to 10 minutes). The calculated maximum absorption capacities of dried peat species for urea show that the maximum absorption capacity of dry lowland peat is significantly higher than that of dry upland peat.