Humanitarian Vision. – 2016. – Vol. 2, No. 1
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Item “Стіна” Планка як агностичний принцип у фундаментальному науковому пізнанні(Lviv Politechnic Publіshing House, 2016) Кадикало, АндрійРозглянуто тему можливих меж наукового пізнання та філософського принципу, який маніфестує ці межі. Вказано, що наукові пошуки мають певні вихідні принципи та установки, які пов’язані із абсолютними поняттями та категоріями незалежними від суб’єкта пізнання. Окреслено появу нового принципу “стіна” Планка, який з’явився як наслідок накладання обмеження на емпіричні спостереження у фундаментальній науці та внаслідок цього може отримати статус агностичного. Modern fundamental science is in very unusual situation. From the first side it uses high technology (similar to Large Hadron Collider), but from the other side it has faced the range of obstacles. This problems probably don`t have any solution and, what is more important, it means existing of reality at the quantum level. In scientist’s world, it is accepted to think that problems of science have temporary nature. However, there are some problems which are not easy to solve on borderlines of classical science knowledge and traditional rationality. Philosophers and scientists like Galileo Galilei, Isaac Newton, Rene Descartes, Gottfried Leibniz had an idea about unlimited and continuous scientific knowledge. It is possible if we will follow true method. However, philosophy takes an alternative position which contradict an idea of unlimited scientific knowledge. This idea names agnosticism which arises in ancient philosophy. The notion of “agnosticism” has ancient Greek roots: α – not, without, and γνώσις – knowledge, understanding. It means that humans cannot know of the existence of anything beyond phenomena of their experience. David Hume told that meaningful statements about the universe are always qualified by some degree of doubt. He asserted that fallibility of human beings means that they cannot obtain absolute certainty except in trivial cases where a statement is true by definition. Thomas Henry Huxley continued Hume`s tradition of agnosticism. He wrote that his personality is the surest thing he knows which may be true. But the attempt to conceive what it is leads him into mere verbal subtleties. He has champed up all that chaff about the ego and the non-ego, noumena and phenomena, and all the rest of it, too often not to know that in attempting even to think of these questions, the human intellect flounders at once out of its depth. Nowadays a new kind of agnostically principle appears in the field of Quantum Physics and it is called “The Planck Wall”. Though its name suggests that this is a spatial phenomenon, it, actually, pertains to time. In science and philosophy this principle of “The Planck Wall” explains creating of a borderline of knowledge. Probably, this borderline is not possible to overcome.Item Місце трансцендентного у класичній та некласичній теорії пізнання(Lviv Politechnic Publіshing House, 2016) Федорів, ЛюбомирДосліджено проблему пізнання. Розкрито особливості класичного та некласичного підходів до розуміння пізнання, а також проаналізовано форми виявлення трансцендентного в контексті його розгляду. На основі проведеного аналізу робиться висновок про те, що в разі переходу від класичної до некласичної філософії трансцендентне втрачає статус вихідного чинника та форми фіксації і здійснення пізнавальних актів. Thearticle researches some issues of classical and non-classical approaches to understanding of cognition. The author examines perculiarities of classical and non-classical understanding of knowledge subject, cognition object and cognition process as a whole. In this contest displays of the transcendental were analyzed. The problem of transcendental is one of the most important in philosophical agenda. It determines main features of methodology and content of exclusively philosophical discourse. Attention to the problem of the transcendental from foreign philosophical community and its topicality brings up necessity of new investigations in the context of history of philosophy. Following this fact, the author has chosen such a sophisticated theme of the article. Analysing the process of the transcendental problem (both its classical and non-classical explorations), the author of the article discovered major appearing forms of transcendental in the history of philosophy and philosophy in general. Scientific innovation may be seen in breeding major models of the transcendental (derived from classical and non-classical philosophy): ontological model, epistemological, ontoepistemological, and subjectivist understanding of the transcendental as separate acts of human consciousness. Upon results of the research the author of the article has come to a conclusion, that, on its way from classical to nonclassical philosophy, the transcendental loses ontological and substantial status and appears in separate acts of our human consciousness (without this we cannot contact reality). From this point of view, we observe regular process caused by tendencies of non-classical and especially present-day philosophy, which declines any objective and substantial absolute. This article makes a few steps to understanding of place and status of transcendental in present-day philosophy. It brings about questions of the absolute and the ideal, necessity of metaphysics in general. These issues require deep analysis and offer wide range of perspectives for further research.