Українська національна ідея: реалії та перспективи розвитку
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Item Варіативність дефініювання терміна «імперія» у науковому дискурсі(Видавництво Львівської політехніки, 2015) Кукарцев, ОлегДосліджено смислові значення поняття «імперія» в сучасному науковому дискурсі, зокрема в теорії та методології політичної науки. Головна увага приділена аналізу змістовних ознак поняття «імперія», які існують у суспільних науках, а також існуючим труднощам вироблення єдиного визначення імперії. The paper investigates the meanings of the term «empire» in the contemporary scientific discourse, particularly in the theory and methodology of political science. Special attention is paid to the analysis of the concept «empire» in social sciences as well as to some current difficulties in providing its exact definition. The author emphasises that the analysis of different concepts is one of the most topical issues in the scientific discourse in general and in the theory and methodology of political science in particular. Each knowledge system requires the precise meaning of terms, judgements and inferences. One of such concepts is the word «empire». It has been used in social and political sciences for two thousand years already but only in recent decades it became the subject of scientific investigations. In general, this research shows that the interest in the term «empire» is a relatively recent phenomenon in political science associated primarily with the attempts to describe and compare some empires or explain the features and dynamics of international relations of the past and the present. A great variety of definitions of the term «empire» is considered to be the main reason explaining the difficulties in providing a single definition of this concept. On the other hand, the problem is also caused by the insufficiency of the analytical tools of modern social science. There are fundamental divergences in the approaches, primarily due to the differences between the «generalising» and «individualising» methods. Historians, being supporters of the first method, speak about the impossibility of creating the unified theory in defining the term «empire». The regularities revealed in the investigation of pre-modern empires are not always acceptable in the study of modern empires. According to the author’s opinion, the joint efforts of historians, sociologists and political scientists can help to give the definition of the concept «empire».Item Популізм в країнах Західної Європи: кінець XX – початок XXI ст.(Видавництво Львівської політехніки, 2015) Кіянка, ІринаАкцентується увага на проблематиці популізму в країнах Західної Європи (період 1990-х рр. – початок ХХІ ст.). Доведено, що популісти у боротьбі за владу використовують усі демократичні інститути, вважаючи, що лише воля громадян додає легітимності політичній системі. Іншою специфічною ознакою сучасного західноєвропейського популізму є поява сил, які обстоюють принципи вільного ринку, обмеження державного регулювання економіки та податкового тиску, при цьому переважно у поєднанні із закликами до протекціоністської політики. The article examines the problem of populism in Western European countries from the 1990s to the present day. The author proves that in their struggle for power the populists use the policy and ideas of the democratic institutions regarding the citizens’ will as the only basis of the legitimacy. One more feature of modern Western populism is the emergence of forces defending the free market principles, the economic deregulation and the tax burden. The growth of populism in Western Europe in the 1990s has a number of features. The first feature is that these forces generally tend to the nationalist ideology and rhetoric. The second one is crucial to the EU efforts to mitigate the effects of globalisation on their countries. The third feature of Western populism is sharp criticism of mass immigration recognised as a threat to the traditional European values and culture. Researchers suggest that populism and right-wing radicalism belong to the same ideology and the difference between them is rather quantitative than qualitative. However, there exist some political characteristics which make it possible to distinguish between the classical populists and the right-wing radicals. Nowadays the majority of the populist parties in Western and Eastern Europe have a more positive attitude towards the regime of President Putin and the foreign policy of the Russian Federation. The latter is considered to be an example of a strong national policy that is not limited by the influence of any supranational structures.Item Реалізація стратегічних політичних інтересів сталінського тоталітарного режиму як рушійної сили утвердження радянської політичної системи у Західній Україні та Північній Буковині на початковому етапі Другої світової війни: компаративний аспект(Видавництво Львівської політехніки, 2015) Докаш, ОксанаНа основні опрацювання різнопланової джерельної бази та з використанням широкого спектра спеціально політологічних методів дослідження розкрито стратегічні політичні інтереси сталінського тоталітарного режиму у Західній Україні та Північній Буковині на початковому етапі Другої світової війни. Вказано, що визначальним чинником докорінної зміни політичного устрою західноукраїнського регіону виступав зовнішній фактор – поділ сфер впливу між СРСР і Німеччиною. Based on the study of a significant and diverse references and using a wide range of scientific and research methods, strategic and political interests of Stalinist totalitarian regime in Western Ukraine and Northern Bukovina at the beginning of World War II have been studied. The author assumes that the main driving force that determines the nature and direction of political activity is political interest as the resultant force between distinct political actor, his personal guidance, values, needs, and motivations. However, the motivation of power is only necessary, but not sufficient condition for the functioning of the power mechanism. According to the article the determining factor of radical change of the political system in Western Ukraine was the external factor – the division of spheres of influence between the USSR and Germany. The beginning of the World War II on the 1st of September in 1939 directly touched western lands, which became the scene for competition between the two totalitarian regimes – Nazi Germany and Stalin’s Soviet Union. In the summer of 1940 a problem of Northern Bukovina also played an important role in the international diplomatic, military and political dimensions of Central and Eastern Europe. The author proves that the formation of the temporary governments and management in western Ukraine in September – October 1939, led to a forced formation of the institutional structure of the Soviet political system starting from November 1939, but at the same time, in summer and autumn 1940 in Northern Bukovina Stalin’s regime incorporated key elements of the new political system without creating intermediate institutions.Item Роль сучасних суспільно-політичних рухів у розвитку української державності(Видавництво Львівської політехніки, 2014) Зубар, ВолодимирРозглянуто діяльність суспільно-політичних рухів у сучасній Україні, їх типи та функції, вплив на розвиток громадянського суспільства та демократії. Особливу увагу звернено на аналіз діяльності Народного руху України, руху «Пора», Євромайдан. The article covers the activities of social and political movements in contemporary Ukraine, their types and functions, impact on the development of civil society and democracy. The subject matter of this research is of immediate interest because social and political movements play an important role in the development of the political system, are a form of expression of people’s civil and political involvement. In democratic countries, public political movements act as an important institutional channel for engaging people in politics, forming the ruling elite, developing the state policy. The article generalizes theoretical foundations of the activities of social and political movements, specifies their structural and functional features, expands on the concept of a «social and political movement». It applies general scientific methods such as historical, comparative, structural functional methods. They allow a comprehensive analysis of the evolution of contemporary social and political movements in Ukraine, the reasons of their emergence and results of their activities. A significant empirical base has been applied, including materials from the press that allow analysis of current activities of social and political movements. The following were subject to detailed examination: special features of the functioning of transformation movements (aimed at radical changes in societies); reform movements (aimed at changing only some aspects of the existing social order); rescue movements (aimed at liberating people from such path in life that is considered as sinful), and alternative movements (intended to achieve partial change). Special focus is put on the analysis of the preceding conditions of emergence and activity of the People’s Movement of Ukraine, «Pora» Movement, Euromaidan, their functions are defined and the results of their activity and prospects of further development are shown. Successful social and political movements are transformed with time into political parties or other institutions of civil society.