Environmental Problems

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Development of mathematic model of gas-turbine unit combustion chamber functioning
(Publishing House of Lviv Polytechnic National University, 2014) Mandryk, Oleh; Mykhailiuk, Yuliya
The article presents the basic issues of ecological safety improvement of present-day steady-state gas turbine units. A mathematic model of diagnostics of combustion chamber considering the basic parameters of gas-turbine unit (GTU) operation under different technological modes was developed. These modes include the intake air temperature of the axial-flow compressor, the intake temperature of the actuating medium of the directing set of the high pressure turbine as well as the temperature of the environment.
Mutation of the Drosophila melanogaster L. under the influence of the electromagnetic radiation
(Publishing House of Lviv Polytechnic National University, 2016) Nykyforov, Volodymyr; Sakun, Oksana
Brief results of the previous studies of the effect of electromagnetic radiation on the fruit flies are quoted. The influence of electromagnetic radiation of industrial frequency on the living organisms has been investigated. Correlative dependence between phenotype Drosophila melanogaster L., duration and intensity of harmful factors has been established. Phenotypic manifestations have been fixed and Drosophila melanogaster L. mutation under the constant influence of the magnetic field induction from 2,25 to 20 μТ in three generations of test objects have been characterized. The dependence of the increased frequency of mutations occurrence and the increase of their diversity caused by the increase of magnetic field induction has been revealed.
Influence of Dobrotvir thermal power plant on environmental specifications
(Publishing House of Lviv Polytechnic National University, 2016) Pohrebennyk, Volodymyr
The influence of the emissions of Dobrotvir TPP on the state of environmental pollution was evaluated: the state of air and soils and the state of waste management. The necessity to perform combined researches and ecological measures to reduce the negative impact of waste dumps on the environment was justified. It was established that the state of soils of ash and slag dumps was in crisis, the content of total forms of heavy metals in the soil is 2–10 times higher than TLV or a background concentration, large excesses of heavy metals of the I class of danger, namely Copper, Zinc and Lead were detected.
Advanced modeling and forecasting of pollutant concentrations temporal dynamics in the atmosphere of an industrial city (gdansk region)
(Publishing House of Lviv Polytechnic National University, 2016) Glushkov, Alexander; Safranov, Timur; Khetselius, Olga; Prepelitsa, Georgy; Bunyakova, Yuliya; Bykowszczenko, Nataliya
In the paper we present the results of an advanced investigation of dynamics of variations of the atmospheric pollutants (sulphur dioxide) concentrations in the air basins of Polish industrial cities (Gdansk region) by using the improved non-linear prediction and chaos theory methods. Chaotic behavior of the sulphurous anhydride concentration time series at two sites in the city of Gdansk has been computed. As usually, to reconstruct the corresponding chaotic attractor, it is necessary to determine time delay and embedding dimension. The former is determined by the methods of autocorrelation function and average mutual information, and the latter is calculated by means of the correlation dimension method and algorithm of false nearest neighbours. Further, the Lyapunov exponents’ spectrum, the Kaplan-Yorke dimension and the Kolmogorov entropy and other invariants are calculated. An existence of a low-D chaos in the cited system is confirmed and using polynominal algorithm with neural networks block allows making an improved short-term forecast of the atmospheric pollutant fluctuations dynamics.
Prospects of using PET waste for environmentally friendly mineral fertilizers
(Publishing House of Lviv Polytechnic National University, 2016) Nagurskyy, Oleg; Malovanyy, Myroslav; Synelnikov, Sergij; Vahchuk, Viktorija
The article presents the technological possibility of using PET wastes for encapsulation of granulated mineral fertilizers. The schematic flowsheet is proposed to obtain film-forming composition. An encapsulated ammonium nitrate with predictable kinetics of fertilizer components release was obtained.
Change of bacterial amount during sonication
(Publishing House of Lviv Polytechnic National University, 2016) Koval, Iryna; Shevchuk, Liliya
The dynamics of the change of microbial amounts in water medium in sonication time was determined. Gases bubbling of different nature into the reaction medium for water disinfection from bacteria under cavitation conditions is proposed in the article. The rate constants of destruction of Bacillus cereus bacteria type in the gas atmosphere are expected. It was determined that the processes microorganisms’ destruction at bubbling of all investigated gases are described by the kinetic equations of the first order.
Ecological safety of visual environment and videoecological perception (VEP) of Vinnitsia
(Publishing House of Lviv Polytechnic National University, 2016) Bondarchuk, Olga; Petruk, Vasyl
The object of the research is landscapes of the urban ecosystem of the town of Vinnytsia. The purpose of the work is to investigate and evaluate the level of videoecological perception and geopotential sustainability of Vinnytsia and set the main risks to natural and artificial visual environment of the city. The paper deals with the method of calculation for the evaluation of videcoecological favourableness of the urban environment and methods of visual pollution control in the urban environment. During the research videoecological perception of the town of Vinnytsia was analyzed, the main environmental risks of the technosphere were identified and an evaluation of the sustainability of the urban environment of the city was made; the ways to optimize visual sensitivity of natural and artificial environment in the city were reviewed. A map-scheme based on experimental data and patterns of the range of videoecologiacal perception was made and its distribution among the territory of Vinnytsia was shown.
Hazardous household waste management in Vinnytsia region
(Publishing House of Lviv Polytechnic National University, 2016) Ishchenko, Vitalii; Petruk, Roman; Kozak, Yana
The article analyzes hazardous household waste, including detergents, paints, adhesives, expired medicines, luminescent lamps, pesticides, fertilizers, batteries and accumulators, electrical and electronic waste, mercury-containing materials. Research shows that they contain a large quantity of dangerous and toxic substances (compounds of heavy metals, chlorinated polymers, aromatic hydrocarbons, surfactants, etc.), which pose a significant risk to the environment and human. The analysis of hazardous household waste management in the Vinnytsia region has showed absence of the appropriate management system. Hazardous household waste is collected separately only fragmentary and is released into environment together with other household waste, creating an environmental hazard in the region. The article also contains recommendations for the hazardous household waste management.
Integrated adsorption and ultrasonic technology for water treatment processes
(Publishing House of Lviv Polytechnic National University, 2016) Vronska, Nataliya; Malovanyy, Myroslav; Koval, Iryna; Starchevskyy, Volodymyr
The aim of this work is to study the process of water purification from mechanical and chemical pollution and pathogenic microflora by adsorption and ultrasonic methods. Proposed technology reduces bacterial contamination and purifies water from organic pollutants, improving its quality.
Сontents "Environmental problems" Volume 1, number 2
(Publishing House of Lviv Polytechnic National University, 2016)
Water resources of Ukraine: usage, qualitive and quantitative assessment (with detail description of Odessa region)
(Publishing House of Lviv Polytechnic National University, 2016) Safranov, Tamerlan; Berlinskyi, Nikolai; Volkov, Andrei
The level of pollutant in river and reservoirs water in Ukraine is rather high. The assessment of the modern state of water resources in the different regions had been done. In generally it was determined that water infrastructure in Ukraine needs reconstruction. New State Program of Water Management Conception and new Law about water management up to 2020 had been approved. Nine basins committees were organized. Committees are composed of representatives of science, practical specialists and the public. The main directions of this Program were supported by World Summit on Sustainable Development.
Spatial and temporal variability of pollutants in the bottom sediments in the northwest part of the Black sea
(Publishing House of Lviv Polytechnic National University, 2016) Berlinskyi, Nikolai; Safranov, Tamerlan
The level of pollution of the bottom sediments in the Northwest shelf of the Black Sea is examined. Modern data are compared with those of the late 20th century and their variability over 30 years. Substantial increase (by two orders) of copper, lead and nickel concentration has been marked.
Analysis and forecast of the environmental radioactivity dynamics based on the methods of chaos theory: general conceptions
(Publishing House of Lviv Polytechnic National University, 2016) Glushkov, Alexander; Safranov, Timur; Khetselius, Olga; Ignatenko, Anna; Buyadzhi, Vasily; Svinarenko, Andrey
For the first time, we present a completely new technique of analysis, processing and forecasting of any time series of the environmental radioactivity dynamics, which schematically is as follows: a) general qualitative analysis of a dynamical problem, typical environmental radioactivity dynamics (including a qualitative analysis from the viewpoint of ordinary differential equations, the “Arnold-analysis”); b) checking for the presence of chaotic (stochastic) features and regimes (the Gottwald-Melbourne’s test; the correlation dimension method); c) reducing the phase space (the choice of time delay, the definition of the embedding space by the correlation dimension methods and false nearest neighbours algorithms); d) determination of the dynamic invariants of a chaotic system (computation of the global Lyapunov dimension la; determination of the Kaplan-Yorke dimension dL and average limits of predictability Prmax on the basis of the advanced algorithms; e) a nonlinear prediction (forecasting) of any dynamical system evolution. The last block really includes new (in the theory of environmental radioactivity dynamics and environmental protection) methods and algorithms of nonlinear prediction such as methods of predicted trajectories, stochastic propagators and neural networks modeling, renormanalysis with blocks of polynomial approximations, wavelet-expansions etc.
Decontamination of radioactive liquid systems by modified clay minerals
(Publishing House of Lviv Polytechnic National University, 2016) Petrushka, Ihor; Moroz, Olexandr
The process mechanism for sorption of strontium and cesium from liquid radioactive waste using modified bentonites from Yaziv sulfur deposit was investigated. The technique for predicting the intensity of the sorption process based on the comparison of experimental and calculated values of mass transfer coefficients was proposed. It was detected that the process of sorption extraction of strontium and cesium from liquid medium using modified clay minerals may be best described by a three-parameter model of the adsorption isotherms.
Adaptation of IUCN Сlassification schemes for environmental safety passports of species
(Publishing House of Lviv Polytechnic National University, 2016) Kryvomaz, Tetiana
This study aimed to improve the ways of risk assessment for environmental safety. The implementation of “Environmental safety passports of species” is of practical importance for effective risk assessment of individual species impact to the environment, humans and other living organisms. The classification schemes of International Union for Conservation of Nature for evaluating habitats, threats & stresses, use and trade, livelihoods of species were analyzed and adapted to the requirements of environmental safety. Some sections such as general information about species, their distribution, ecological classification, metabolism features, risks evaluation and beneficial use were itemized to be included into the structure of ESPS.
The first step to sketch the spatio-temporal evolution of biochemical and physical parameters involving in the Harmful Algal Blooms (HAB) in Mattatall Lake (Nova Scotia, Canada)
(Publishing House of Lviv Polytechnic National University, 2016) Nguyen-Quang, Tri; Lieou, Kien-Chinh; Hushchyna, Kateryna; Nguyen, Tri-Dung; Sharifi Mood, Negar; Nadeem, Muhammad; McLellan, Kayla; Murdymootoo, Kalaivani; Merks, Emily; Hirtle, Rachel
Many watercourses in Nova Scotia (Canada) have recently had algal blooms in a surprisingly increasing way in frequency and diversity without any good understanding or explanation about causes and effects. The blooms triggered in Mattatall Lake (Wentworth, Nova Scotia) have many particular aspects: toxic species domination, nutrients increasing on a monthly basis, and blooms that co-exist with icy conditions. In this paper, we suggest an approach to create a map system with an appropriate interpolation and validation of necessary data in order to deal with this issue in Mattatall Lake and to contribute to the analysis framework and management plan on the entire area. Our long-term objective is aiming to suggest a modeling process for the entire watershed.
Pollution of soil environment with mineral fertilizers and ways of their migration deep into the soil
(Publishing House of Lviv Polytechnic National University, 2016) Gumnytskiy, Jaroslav; Lyuta, Oksana
One of the major problems of pollution of soil environment, namely by components of mineral fertilizers due to their massive and continuous use in agriculture was analysed in the article. Possible ways of penetration of not absorbed mineral fertilizers deep into the soil as the main reason for getting fertilizers in the lower layers of the soil environment were investigated. A comparison of the impact of soil and climatic conditions on the rate of penetration of fertilizers deep into the soil was done.
Сontents "Environmental problems" Volume 1, number 1
(Publishing House of Lviv Polytechnic National University, 2016)
Methodological principles of electromagnetic screens application for public protection from electromagnetic fields and radiation
(Publishing House of Lviv Polytechnic National University, 2016) Glyva, Valentyn; Panova, Olena; Voloshkina, Olena
The growing levels of electromagnetic fields require the improvement of protective shielding methods. Frequency and amplitude parameters of fields have been analyzed according to national and international standards of electromagnetic safety and guidelines on shielding application have been given. The methodological principles of choosing and applying electromagnetic screens depending on radiation parameters and the required protection efficiency have been developed.
Environmental safety of water bodies and coastal areas using the method of water environment bioindication by means of macrophytes
(Publishing House of Lviv Polytechnic National University, 2016) Bondarchuk, Olga; Petruk, Vasyl; Kvaterniyk, Sergiy
The purpose of this work is to improve the ecological state of water bodies and coastal area of the “Enerhoharant” LLC company by implementing a series of environmental measures based on research of their ecosystems and environmental-economic assessment that will enable largely to solve the problem of optimal use of natural resources for the recreational purposes.