Environmental Problems

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Development of mathematic model of gas-turbine unit combustion chamber functioning
(Publishing House of Lviv Polytechnic National University, 2014) Mandryk, Oleh; Mykhailiuk, Yuliya
The article presents the basic issues of ecological safety improvement of present-day steady-state gas turbine units. A mathematic model of diagnostics of combustion chamber considering the basic parameters of gas-turbine unit (GTU) operation under different technological modes was developed. These modes include the intake air temperature of the axial-flow compressor, the intake temperature of the actuating medium of the directing set of the high pressure turbine as well as the temperature of the environment.
Change of bacterial amount during sonication
(Publishing House of Lviv Polytechnic National University, 2016) Koval, Iryna; Shevchuk, Liliya
The dynamics of the change of microbial amounts in water medium in sonication time was determined. Gases bubbling of different nature into the reaction medium for water disinfection from bacteria under cavitation conditions is proposed in the article. The rate constants of destruction of Bacillus cereus bacteria type in the gas atmosphere are expected. It was determined that the processes microorganisms’ destruction at bubbling of all investigated gases are described by the kinetic equations of the first order.
Prospects of using PET waste for environmentally friendly mineral fertilizers
(Publishing House of Lviv Polytechnic National University, 2016) Nagurskyy, Oleg; Malovanyy, Myroslav; Synelnikov, Sergij; Vahchuk, Viktorija
The article presents the technological possibility of using PET wastes for encapsulation of granulated mineral fertilizers. The schematic flowsheet is proposed to obtain film-forming composition. An encapsulated ammonium nitrate with predictable kinetics of fertilizer components release was obtained.
Advanced modeling and forecasting of pollutant concentrations temporal dynamics in the atmosphere of an industrial city (gdansk region)
(Publishing House of Lviv Polytechnic National University, 2016) Glushkov, Alexander; Safranov, Timur; Khetselius, Olga; Prepelitsa, Georgy; Bunyakova, Yuliya; Bykowszczenko, Nataliya
In the paper we present the results of an advanced investigation of dynamics of variations of the atmospheric pollutants (sulphur dioxide) concentrations in the air basins of Polish industrial cities (Gdansk region) by using the improved non-linear prediction and chaos theory methods. Chaotic behavior of the sulphurous anhydride concentration time series at two sites in the city of Gdansk has been computed. As usually, to reconstruct the corresponding chaotic attractor, it is necessary to determine time delay and embedding dimension. The former is determined by the methods of autocorrelation function and average mutual information, and the latter is calculated by means of the correlation dimension method and algorithm of false nearest neighbours. Further, the Lyapunov exponents’ spectrum, the Kaplan-Yorke dimension and the Kolmogorov entropy and other invariants are calculated. An existence of a low-D chaos in the cited system is confirmed and using polynominal algorithm with neural networks block allows making an improved short-term forecast of the atmospheric pollutant fluctuations dynamics.
Analysis and forecast of the environmental radioactivity dynamics based on the methods of chaos theory: general conceptions
(Publishing House of Lviv Polytechnic National University, 2016) Glushkov, Alexander; Safranov, Timur; Khetselius, Olga; Ignatenko, Anna; Buyadzhi, Vasily; Svinarenko, Andrey
For the first time, we present a completely new technique of analysis, processing and forecasting of any time series of the environmental radioactivity dynamics, which schematically is as follows: a) general qualitative analysis of a dynamical problem, typical environmental radioactivity dynamics (including a qualitative analysis from the viewpoint of ordinary differential equations, the “Arnold-analysis”); b) checking for the presence of chaotic (stochastic) features and regimes (the Gottwald-Melbourne’s test; the correlation dimension method); c) reducing the phase space (the choice of time delay, the definition of the embedding space by the correlation dimension methods and false nearest neighbours algorithms); d) determination of the dynamic invariants of a chaotic system (computation of the global Lyapunov dimension la; determination of the Kaplan-Yorke dimension dL and average limits of predictability Prmax on the basis of the advanced algorithms; e) a nonlinear prediction (forecasting) of any dynamical system evolution. The last block really includes new (in the theory of environmental radioactivity dynamics and environmental protection) methods and algorithms of nonlinear prediction such as methods of predicted trajectories, stochastic propagators and neural networks modeling, renormanalysis with blocks of polynomial approximations, wavelet-expansions etc.
The first step to sketch the spatio-temporal evolution of biochemical and physical parameters involving in the Harmful Algal Blooms (HAB) in Mattatall Lake (Nova Scotia, Canada)
(Publishing House of Lviv Polytechnic National University, 2016) Nguyen-Quang, Tri; Lieou, Kien-Chinh; Hushchyna, Kateryna; Nguyen, Tri-Dung; Sharifi Mood, Negar; Nadeem, Muhammad; McLellan, Kayla; Murdymootoo, Kalaivani; Merks, Emily; Hirtle, Rachel
Many watercourses in Nova Scotia (Canada) have recently had algal blooms in a surprisingly increasing way in frequency and diversity without any good understanding or explanation about causes and effects. The blooms triggered in Mattatall Lake (Wentworth, Nova Scotia) have many particular aspects: toxic species domination, nutrients increasing on a monthly basis, and blooms that co-exist with icy conditions. In this paper, we suggest an approach to create a map system with an appropriate interpolation and validation of necessary data in order to deal with this issue in Mattatall Lake and to contribute to the analysis framework and management plan on the entire area. Our long-term objective is aiming to suggest a modeling process for the entire watershed.
Сontents "Environmental problems" Volume 1, number 1
(Publishing House of Lviv Polytechnic National University, 2016)
Decontamination of radioactive liquid systems by modified clay minerals
(Publishing House of Lviv Polytechnic National University, 2016) Petrushka, Ihor; Moroz, Olexandr
The process mechanism for sorption of strontium and cesium from liquid radioactive waste using modified bentonites from Yaziv sulfur deposit was investigated. The technique for predicting the intensity of the sorption process based on the comparison of experimental and calculated values of mass transfer coefficients was proposed. It was detected that the process of sorption extraction of strontium and cesium from liquid medium using modified clay minerals may be best described by a three-parameter model of the adsorption isotherms.
Spatial and temporal variability of pollutants in the bottom sediments in the northwest part of the Black sea
(Publishing House of Lviv Polytechnic National University, 2016) Berlinskyi, Nikolai; Safranov, Tamerlan
The level of pollution of the bottom sediments in the Northwest shelf of the Black Sea is examined. Modern data are compared with those of the late 20th century and their variability over 30 years. Substantial increase (by two orders) of copper, lead and nickel concentration has been marked.
Adaptation of IUCN Сlassification schemes for environmental safety passports of species
(Publishing House of Lviv Polytechnic National University, 2016) Kryvomaz, Tetiana
This study aimed to improve the ways of risk assessment for environmental safety. The implementation of “Environmental safety passports of species” is of practical importance for effective risk assessment of individual species impact to the environment, humans and other living organisms. The classification schemes of International Union for Conservation of Nature for evaluating habitats, threats & stresses, use and trade, livelihoods of species were analyzed and adapted to the requirements of environmental safety. Some sections such as general information about species, their distribution, ecological classification, metabolism features, risks evaluation and beneficial use were itemized to be included into the structure of ESPS.
Pollution of soil environment with mineral fertilizers and ways of their migration deep into the soil
(Publishing House of Lviv Polytechnic National University, 2016) Gumnytskiy, Jaroslav; Lyuta, Oksana
One of the major problems of pollution of soil environment, namely by components of mineral fertilizers due to their massive and continuous use in agriculture was analysed in the article. Possible ways of penetration of not absorbed mineral fertilizers deep into the soil as the main reason for getting fertilizers in the lower layers of the soil environment were investigated. A comparison of the impact of soil and climatic conditions on the rate of penetration of fertilizers deep into the soil was done.
Influence of Dobrotvir thermal power plant on environmental specifications
(Publishing House of Lviv Polytechnic National University, 2016) Pohrebennyk, Volodymyr
The influence of the emissions of Dobrotvir TPP on the state of environmental pollution was evaluated: the state of air and soils and the state of waste management. The necessity to perform combined researches and ecological measures to reduce the negative impact of waste dumps on the environment was justified. It was established that the state of soils of ash and slag dumps was in crisis, the content of total forms of heavy metals in the soil is 2–10 times higher than TLV or a background concentration, large excesses of heavy metals of the I class of danger, namely Copper, Zinc and Lead were detected.
Integrated adsorption and ultrasonic technology for water treatment processes
(Publishing House of Lviv Polytechnic National University, 2016) Vronska, Nataliya; Malovanyy, Myroslav; Koval, Iryna; Starchevskyy, Volodymyr
The aim of this work is to study the process of water purification from mechanical and chemical pollution and pathogenic microflora by adsorption and ultrasonic methods. Proposed technology reduces bacterial contamination and purifies water from organic pollutants, improving its quality.
Environmental safety of water bodies and coastal areas using the method of water environment bioindication by means of macrophytes
(Publishing House of Lviv Polytechnic National University, 2016) Bondarchuk, Olga; Petruk, Vasyl; Kvaterniyk, Sergiy
The purpose of this work is to improve the ecological state of water bodies and coastal area of the “Enerhoharant” LLC company by implementing a series of environmental measures based on research of their ecosystems and environmental-economic assessment that will enable largely to solve the problem of optimal use of natural resources for the recreational purposes.
Methodological principles of electromagnetic screens application for public protection from electromagnetic fields and radiation
(Publishing House of Lviv Polytechnic National University, 2016) Glyva, Valentyn; Panova, Olena; Voloshkina, Olena
The growing levels of electromagnetic fields require the improvement of protective shielding methods. Frequency and amplitude parameters of fields have been analyzed according to national and international standards of electromagnetic safety and guidelines on shielding application have been given. The methodological principles of choosing and applying electromagnetic screens depending on radiation parameters and the required protection efficiency have been developed.
Mathematical modelling of the population dynamics of hunting mammals based on recurrent equation system
(Publishing House of Lviv Polytechnic National University, 2016) Trach, Іryna; Petruk, Vasyl; Kvaternyuk, Sergy; Titov, Тaras
Regression analysis of the population dynamics of hunting mammals based on Khmilnytskyi forestry was made. Correlation analysis of the observations results between the populations of spotted deer and wisent, spotted deer and wild boar, lepus and fox was made. Modelling of the population dynamics of hunting mammals was done using Mathcad based on the system of recurrent logistics equations and the adequacy of the model by the Pearson's criteria was proved.
Reducing energy consumption and CO2 emissions of Coke Plant
(Publishing House of Lviv Polytechnic National University, 2016) Ulyev, Leonid; Boldyryev, Stanislav; Vasilyev, Mihail; Zebeshev, Temirkhan; Khusanov, Alisher
The efficient energy use of Coke Oven Plant is considered in this paper. The main objective is the reduction of energy consumption and reducing CO2 emissions per production unit by use of waste heat for various needs of production site demands. The considered process consumes the external hot utilities 25.4 MW and cold utilities 24.9 MW. The use of waste heat for district heating and hot water supply allow reducing the external cold utilities by 23.5 MW. This heat can be used for heating of 1,869,825.6 m3 in apartment buildings, municipal facilities, shopping malls and etc. The use of waste heat from flue gases for electricity production allows obtaining additionally about 7.5 MW of power that can be utilized for production needs and exported outside. The provided case studies show the pathway for an efficient retrofit of coke production and most profitable ways for investment.
Reduction of the environmental threat from uncontrolled development of cyanobacteria in the waters of the Dnieper reservoirs
(Publishing House of Lviv Polytechnic National University, 2016) Malovanyy, Myroslav; Nykyforov, Volodymyr; Kharlamova, Olena; Synelnikov, Alexander; Dereyko, Khrystyna
We have analyzed the ecological hazard that has emerged as a result of the construction of hydropower plants on the Dnieper, which became the cause of uncontrolled development of cyanobacteria. The environmental risks that are caused by the uncontrolled development of cyanobacteria and their biodegradability were studied. The efficiency of application of the known methods of suppression of mass development of the blue-green algae was analyzed. The amount of biogas that can be synthesized from cyanobacteria biomass of Kremenchug reservoir was estimated. The strategy of avoiding the ecological disaster from the uncontrolled development of cyanobacteria and its negative impact on the environment was suggested.
Administration of the system of municipal solid waste management Lublin experience in the period from 2007 until 2010
(Publishing House of Lviv Polytechnic National University, 2016) Lutek, Wojciech
This article presents main concepts of building modern system of communal resources management in Lublin. The author indicates major tools used for realisation of the project, describing the results of introducing above mentioned system in the first four years of its functioning (2007–2010).
The concept of environmental safety of Vinnytsia region in the waste management sphere
(Publishing House of Lviv Polytechnic National University, 2016) Petruk, Roman; Petruk, Vasyl; Ishchenko, Vitalii; Kvaterniuk, Sergey
The aim of the research is to collect the information and analyze integrated systems of municipal solid waste (MSW) management and treatment in Vinnytsia region for its further optimization. The state of landfills and waste dump sites in Vinnytsia region, existing MSW collection system (container availability) and waste transportation system (availability and frequency of transportation) in all districts of Vinnytsia region, legal framework in the field of solid waste management, the state of public awareness and public opinion on MSW management in Vinnytsia region are analyzed; recommendations for environmental safety of Vinnytsia region in the waste management sphere are given.