Environmental Problems
Permanent URI for this communityhttps://ena.lpnu.ua/handle/ntb/33081
Browse
Item Development of mathematic model of gas-turbine unit combustion chamber functioning(Publishing House of Lviv Polytechnic National University, 2014) Mandryk, Oleh; Mykhailiuk, YuliyaThe article presents the basic issues of ecological safety improvement of present-day steady-state gas turbine units. A mathematic model of diagnostics of combustion chamber considering the basic parameters of gas-turbine unit (GTU) operation under different technological modes was developed. These modes include the intake air temperature of the axial-flow compressor, the intake temperature of the actuating medium of the directing set of the high pressure turbine as well as the temperature of the environment.Item Environmental safety of water bodies and coastal areas using the method of water environment bioindication by means of macrophytes(Publishing House of Lviv Polytechnic National University, 2016) Bondarchuk, Olga; Petruk, Vasyl; Kvaterniyk, SergiyThe purpose of this work is to improve the ecological state of water bodies and coastal area of the “Enerhoharant” LLC company by implementing a series of environmental measures based on research of their ecosystems and environmental-economic assessment that will enable largely to solve the problem of optimal use of natural resources for the recreational purposes.Item Methodological principles of electromagnetic screens application for public protection from electromagnetic fields and radiation(Publishing House of Lviv Polytechnic National University, 2016) Glyva, Valentyn; Panova, Olena; Voloshkina, OlenaThe growing levels of electromagnetic fields require the improvement of protective shielding methods. Frequency and amplitude parameters of fields have been analyzed according to national and international standards of electromagnetic safety and guidelines on shielding application have been given. The methodological principles of choosing and applying electromagnetic screens depending on radiation parameters and the required protection efficiency have been developed.Item Integrated adsorption and ultrasonic technology for water treatment processes(Publishing House of Lviv Polytechnic National University, 2016) Vronska, Nataliya; Malovanyy, Myroslav; Koval, Iryna; Starchevskyy, VolodymyrThe aim of this work is to study the process of water purification from mechanical and chemical pollution and pathogenic microflora by adsorption and ultrasonic methods. Proposed technology reduces bacterial contamination and purifies water from organic pollutants, improving its quality.Item Reduction of the environmental threat from uncontrolled development of cyanobacteria in the waters of the Dnieper reservoirs(Publishing House of Lviv Polytechnic National University, 2016) Malovanyy, Myroslav; Nykyforov, Volodymyr; Kharlamova, Olena; Synelnikov, Alexander; Dereyko, KhrystynaWe have analyzed the ecological hazard that has emerged as a result of the construction of hydropower plants on the Dnieper, which became the cause of uncontrolled development of cyanobacteria. The environmental risks that are caused by the uncontrolled development of cyanobacteria and their biodegradability were studied. The efficiency of application of the known methods of suppression of mass development of the blue-green algae was analyzed. The amount of biogas that can be synthesized from cyanobacteria biomass of Kremenchug reservoir was estimated. The strategy of avoiding the ecological disaster from the uncontrolled development of cyanobacteria and its negative impact on the environment was suggested.Item The concept of environmental safety of Vinnytsia region in the waste management sphere(Publishing House of Lviv Polytechnic National University, 2016) Petruk, Roman; Petruk, Vasyl; Ishchenko, Vitalii; Kvaterniuk, SergeyThe aim of the research is to collect the information and analyze integrated systems of municipal solid waste (MSW) management and treatment in Vinnytsia region for its further optimization. The state of landfills and waste dump sites in Vinnytsia region, existing MSW collection system (container availability) and waste transportation system (availability and frequency of transportation) in all districts of Vinnytsia region, legal framework in the field of solid waste management, the state of public awareness and public opinion on MSW management in Vinnytsia region are analyzed; recommendations for environmental safety of Vinnytsia region in the waste management sphere are given.Item Reducing energy consumption and CO2 emissions of Coke Plant(Publishing House of Lviv Polytechnic National University, 2016) Ulyev, Leonid; Boldyryev, Stanislav; Vasilyev, Mihail; Zebeshev, Temirkhan; Khusanov, AlisherThe efficient energy use of Coke Oven Plant is considered in this paper. The main objective is the reduction of energy consumption and reducing CO2 emissions per production unit by use of waste heat for various needs of production site demands. The considered process consumes the external hot utilities 25.4 MW and cold utilities 24.9 MW. The use of waste heat for district heating and hot water supply allow reducing the external cold utilities by 23.5 MW. This heat can be used for heating of 1,869,825.6 m3 in apartment buildings, municipal facilities, shopping malls and etc. The use of waste heat from flue gases for electricity production allows obtaining additionally about 7.5 MW of power that can be utilized for production needs and exported outside. The provided case studies show the pathway for an efficient retrofit of coke production and most profitable ways for investment.Item Mathematical modelling of the population dynamics of hunting mammals based on recurrent equation system(Publishing House of Lviv Polytechnic National University, 2016) Trach, Іryna; Petruk, Vasyl; Kvaternyuk, Sergy; Titov, ТarasRegression analysis of the population dynamics of hunting mammals based on Khmilnytskyi forestry was made. Correlation analysis of the observations results between the populations of spotted deer and wisent, spotted deer and wild boar, lepus and fox was made. Modelling of the population dynamics of hunting mammals was done using Mathcad based on the system of recurrent logistics equations and the adequacy of the model by the Pearson's criteria was proved.Item Administration of the system of municipal solid waste management Lublin experience in the period from 2007 until 2010(Publishing House of Lviv Polytechnic National University, 2016) Lutek, WojciechThis article presents main concepts of building modern system of communal resources management in Lublin. The author indicates major tools used for realisation of the project, describing the results of introducing above mentioned system in the first four years of its functioning (2007–2010).Item Pollution of soil environment with mineral fertilizers and ways of their migration deep into the soil(Publishing House of Lviv Polytechnic National University, 2016) Gumnytskiy, Jaroslav; Lyuta, OksanaOne of the major problems of pollution of soil environment, namely by components of mineral fertilizers due to their massive and continuous use in agriculture was analysed in the article. Possible ways of penetration of not absorbed mineral fertilizers deep into the soil as the main reason for getting fertilizers in the lower layers of the soil environment were investigated. A comparison of the impact of soil and climatic conditions on the rate of penetration of fertilizers deep into the soil was done.Item The first step to sketch the spatio-temporal evolution of biochemical and physical parameters involving in the Harmful Algal Blooms (HAB) in Mattatall Lake (Nova Scotia, Canada)(Publishing House of Lviv Polytechnic National University, 2016) Nguyen-Quang, Tri; Lieou, Kien-Chinh; Hushchyna, Kateryna; Nguyen, Tri-Dung; Sharifi Mood, Negar; Nadeem, Muhammad; McLellan, Kayla; Murdymootoo, Kalaivani; Merks, Emily; Hirtle, RachelMany watercourses in Nova Scotia (Canada) have recently had algal blooms in a surprisingly increasing way in frequency and diversity without any good understanding or explanation about causes and effects. The blooms triggered in Mattatall Lake (Wentworth, Nova Scotia) have many particular aspects: toxic species domination, nutrients increasing on a monthly basis, and blooms that co-exist with icy conditions. In this paper, we suggest an approach to create a map system with an appropriate interpolation and validation of necessary data in order to deal with this issue in Mattatall Lake and to contribute to the analysis framework and management plan on the entire area. Our long-term objective is aiming to suggest a modeling process for the entire watershed.Item Сontents "Environmental problems" Volume 1, number 1(Publishing House of Lviv Polytechnic National University, 2016)Item Influence of Dobrotvir thermal power plant on environmental specifications(Publishing House of Lviv Polytechnic National University, 2016) Pohrebennyk, VolodymyrThe influence of the emissions of Dobrotvir TPP on the state of environmental pollution was evaluated: the state of air and soils and the state of waste management. The necessity to perform combined researches and ecological measures to reduce the negative impact of waste dumps on the environment was justified. It was established that the state of soils of ash and slag dumps was in crisis, the content of total forms of heavy metals in the soil is 2–10 times higher than TLV or a background concentration, large excesses of heavy metals of the I class of danger, namely Copper, Zinc and Lead were detected.Item Hazardous household waste management in Vinnytsia region(Publishing House of Lviv Polytechnic National University, 2016) Ishchenko, Vitalii; Petruk, Roman; Kozak, YanaThe article analyzes hazardous household waste, including detergents, paints, adhesives, expired medicines, luminescent lamps, pesticides, fertilizers, batteries and accumulators, electrical and electronic waste, mercury-containing materials. Research shows that they contain a large quantity of dangerous and toxic substances (compounds of heavy metals, chlorinated polymers, aromatic hydrocarbons, surfactants, etc.), which pose a significant risk to the environment and human. The analysis of hazardous household waste management in the Vinnytsia region has showed absence of the appropriate management system. Hazardous household waste is collected separately only fragmentary and is released into environment together with other household waste, creating an environmental hazard in the region. The article also contains recommendations for the hazardous household waste management.Item Ecological safety of visual environment and videoecological perception (VEP) of Vinnitsia(Publishing House of Lviv Polytechnic National University, 2016) Bondarchuk, Olga; Petruk, VasylThe object of the research is landscapes of the urban ecosystem of the town of Vinnytsia. The purpose of the work is to investigate and evaluate the level of videoecological perception and geopotential sustainability of Vinnytsia and set the main risks to natural and artificial visual environment of the city. The paper deals with the method of calculation for the evaluation of videcoecological favourableness of the urban environment and methods of visual pollution control in the urban environment. During the research videoecological perception of the town of Vinnytsia was analyzed, the main environmental risks of the technosphere were identified and an evaluation of the sustainability of the urban environment of the city was made; the ways to optimize visual sensitivity of natural and artificial environment in the city were reviewed. A map-scheme based on experimental data and patterns of the range of videoecologiacal perception was made and its distribution among the territory of Vinnytsia was shown.Item Water resources of Ukraine: usage, qualitive and quantitative assessment (with detail description of Odessa region)(Publishing House of Lviv Polytechnic National University, 2016) Safranov, Tamerlan; Berlinskyi, Nikolai; Volkov, AndreiThe level of pollutant in river and reservoirs water in Ukraine is rather high. The assessment of the modern state of water resources in the different regions had been done. In generally it was determined that water infrastructure in Ukraine needs reconstruction. New State Program of Water Management Conception and new Law about water management up to 2020 had been approved. Nine basins committees were organized. Committees are composed of representatives of science, practical specialists and the public. The main directions of this Program were supported by World Summit on Sustainable Development.Item Сontents "Environmental problems" Volume 1, number 2(Publishing House of Lviv Polytechnic National University, 2016)Item Prospects of using PET waste for environmentally friendly mineral fertilizers(Publishing House of Lviv Polytechnic National University, 2016) Nagurskyy, Oleg; Malovanyy, Myroslav; Synelnikov, Sergij; Vahchuk, ViktorijaThe article presents the technological possibility of using PET wastes for encapsulation of granulated mineral fertilizers. The schematic flowsheet is proposed to obtain film-forming composition. An encapsulated ammonium nitrate with predictable kinetics of fertilizer components release was obtained.Item Advanced modeling and forecasting of pollutant concentrations temporal dynamics in the atmosphere of an industrial city (gdansk region)(Publishing House of Lviv Polytechnic National University, 2016) Glushkov, Alexander; Safranov, Timur; Khetselius, Olga; Prepelitsa, Georgy; Bunyakova, Yuliya; Bykowszczenko, NataliyaIn the paper we present the results of an advanced investigation of dynamics of variations of the atmospheric pollutants (sulphur dioxide) concentrations in the air basins of Polish industrial cities (Gdansk region) by using the improved non-linear prediction and chaos theory methods. Chaotic behavior of the sulphurous anhydride concentration time series at two sites in the city of Gdansk has been computed. As usually, to reconstruct the corresponding chaotic attractor, it is necessary to determine time delay and embedding dimension. The former is determined by the methods of autocorrelation function and average mutual information, and the latter is calculated by means of the correlation dimension method and algorithm of false nearest neighbours. Further, the Lyapunov exponents’ spectrum, the Kaplan-Yorke dimension and the Kolmogorov entropy and other invariants are calculated. An existence of a low-D chaos in the cited system is confirmed and using polynominal algorithm with neural networks block allows making an improved short-term forecast of the atmospheric pollutant fluctuations dynamics.Item Reduction of environmental hazard of Hudrogen Sulfide emission from sewerage pipelines and visual pollution, formed by degassing units(Publishing House of Lviv Polytechnic National University, 2016) Iurchenko, Valentina; Lebedeva, ElenaAt some sites of the sewage collector in Kharkov concentration of hydrogen sulfide in the underroof space exceeds in thousands of times daily average MPC. As a result the gaseous emissions from the sewage network in the city atmosphere the content of hydrogen sulfide in the atmosphere of residential development area may exceed the MPCd.a. The degasifier, installed above the sewage shaft efficiently rectifies gas releases. Design solutions are developed, which allow to harmonize degasifiers on sewerage nets with urban environment of different application.