Environmental Problems
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Item Acquiring practice in environmental and social impact assessment: case study of Lviv city dumpsite, Ukraine(Видавництво Львівської політехніки, 2021-03-01) Mykhaylenko, Valeriy; Havryliuk, Ruslan; Blyzniuk, Mykola; Kriipsalu, Mait; Hoffmann, Michael; Denafas, Gintaras; Sholokhova, Anastasiia; Hogland, William; Nauchu, Nataliia; Gulevets, Dmytro; Kyiv National Taras Shevchenko University; Institute of Geological Sciences of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine; Poltava National Pedagogical University named after V. G. Korolenko; Estonian University of Life Sciences; Self-employed expert; Kaunas University of Technology; Linnaeus University; Free ecologist; National Aviation UniversityMunicipal Solid Waste Management (MSWM) is a new and fast-growing business area that is becoming widespread in Ukraine. The fire accident at Lviv city landfill “Hrybovychi” forced the local governments to initiate work on its closure and reclamation. The Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) of the planned activity is the first mandatory step in this direction. The complex nature of EIA procedures requires a similarly integrated approach to identify hazards and develop a shared vision of existing risks. This is demonstrated by the analysis of two published EIA reports on remediation of “Hrybovychi” dump and the dangers that were not identified. Threats of additional groundwater pollution, causes of fire and consequences of negative impact on adjacent areas, the possibility of re-ignition of the landfill, the spreading of microparticles (PM2,5), and formation of toxic compounds classified as persistent organic pollutants (POPs) together with their long-distance migration – these and other dangers were not identified and were not discussed with public organizations. The article aims at showing a scientific approach to identifying environmental hazards in combination with the social component – assessments of problematic activities for public health, which are often ignored in post-Soviet countries. Current and best practices of the Baltic Sea countries in this field are presented by an international team of university scientists. Analysis of critical observations and making recommendations for preventing, minimizing, and mitigating the adverse effects of an accident can help to improve the peer review and development of similar EIA projects.Item Assessment of the impact of the paper enterprise on the environment(Видавництво Львівської політехніки, 2020-10-10) Khomko, Natalia; Lviv Polytechnic National UniversityPulp and paper enterprises are of great importance for sustainable economic and environmental development of certain regions and the economy of Ukraine. Man uses many natural resources during the lifetime, creating a burden on nature. As the world's population increases, this load increases, leading to a shortage of resources and deterioration in the environment. The main activity of Kokhavynska Paper Mill PJSC is the production of sanitary products for the domestic market and export. Rational use of secondary raw materials helps to cut the use of forest resources and reduce the amount of waste paper utilized in landfills. 15291.76 t of pollutants from the sources of the enterprise emissions enter the air each year. A total of 9 standardized and 3 non-standardized substances (greenhouse gases) are released into the atmosphere, namely nitrogen oxides, carbon monoxide, nitrogen (1) oxide (N2O) (greenhouse gas), carbon dioxide (greenhouse gas), methane (greenhouse gas), iron and its compounds, manganese and its compounds, hexavalent chromium (expressed in terms of chromium trioxide), gaseous fluorides, hydrogen sulfide, saturated hydrocarbons C12-C19. There is no excess of the established maximum concentration limits at all emission sources at this enterprise. To assess the impact of the enterprise on soils, the content of heavy metals Zn, Cr (VI), Co, Cu, Pb, Mn, and Fe at the border of the sanitary protection zone of the enterprise was determined and the maximum multi plicity of the excess of MPC of heavy metals was calculated. The content of heavy metals in the selected soil samples was determined using a spectrophotometer atomic absorption C-115-M1. Evaluation of soils for heavy metals showed that the soils at the border of the sanitary protection zone of the enterprise are contaminated with heavy metals. The maximum multiplicity of the excess of the MPC of heavy metals in the soil is 1.04 times for lead; 0.43 times for zinc; 0.37 times for chromium; 0.93 times for copper; 1.85 times for manganese; 0.35 times for cobalt. Maximum concentrations of heavy metals exceed their background content: 1.6 times for lead; 1.8 times for zinc; 1.16 times for chromium; 0.77 times for copper; 3.9 times for manganese; 9.7 times for iron; 1.2 times for cobalt.Item Environmental pollution in the airport impact area–case study of the Boryspil international airport(Видавництво Львівської політехніки, 2020-02-10) Radomska, Margaryta; Madzhd, Svitlana; Cherniak, Larysa; Mikhyeyev, Oleksandr; National Aviation University; Institute of Cell Biology and Genetic Engineering, NAS of UkraineThe paper presents the analysis of soil and phytomass contamination due to the functioning of air transport. The major issues revealed include extremely high level of soil contamination with petroleum products and an increased content of heavy metals both in soil and phytomass. The toxicity testing has demonstrated considerable pathogenic potential of soil from the airport area.Item Assessment of heavy metal contamination of the technoecosystem of the Kakhovka main canal of the Kakhovka irrigation system(Lviv Politechnic Publishing House, 2019-03-20) Khokhlova, Liudmyla; Lukashev, Dmytro; Taras Shevchenko National University of KyivIn the present study, the authors demonstrate the accumulation of heavy metals in water and soft tissues of bivalve mollusks (Dreissena polymorpha, Dreissena bugensis) in the Kakhovka Main Canal within the Kherson and Zaporizhzhia regions (Ukraine) in the summer season (July–August 2018). The average metal concentrations in water decrease in the following order: Ni>Zn>Cr>Co>Cu>Cd. On the whole, the accumulation of metals in soft tissues of the investigated bivalve mollusk species was higher than in the samples of water, since Dreissena are effective bio-accumulators. The average metal concentrations in soft tissues decrease in the following order: Zn>Cr>Ni>Cu>Co>Cd. At the end of the canal, at the 132nd km (Zaporizhzhia region), where older individuals prevailed, heavy metals were accumulated most – 159.04 mg/kg.Item Investigation of migration of heavy metals in the soil environment on the example of copper sulfate(Lviv Politechnic Publishing House, 2019-02-26) Lyuta, Oksana; Sabadash, Vira; Beymuk, Mariya; Gumnitsky, Jaroslav; Lviv Polytechnic National UniversityThe problem of permanent and prolonged pollution of soils by various kinds of pollutants, in particular heavy metals, was analyzed. Experimental investigations of penetration of copper sulfate into a vertical soil profile have been carried out. The adsorption capacity of the sandy environment of copper sulfate was experimentally determined.Item Ecological and genetic monitoring of the agro-and biodiversity of the coastal zone of Western Georgia(Lviv Politechnic Publishing House, 2018-02-26) Baratashvili, David; Batumi Shota Rustaveli State UniversityThe intensity of heavy metals, natural and anthropogenic radionuclides are studied in the cultivated plants and soil in the vicinity of the western coast of Georgia. It is shown that the intensity of their accumulation depends on the type of plant, the place of sampling and the ecological zone. The highest rate of natural radionuclides is 40K, and the lowest – 226Ra, from the technogenic radionuclides the high-quality activeness is characterized to 137Cs, and its accumulation is the highest in the soil. From the hard metals, the plants most actively absorb lead and cadmium.Item Results of the drinking water ecological monitoring on the territory of the ajara autonomous republic(Lviv Politechnic Publishing House, 2018-10-26) Lomtatidze, Nino; Ghachava, Natia; Abuladze, Lica; Batumi Shota Rustaveli State UniversityThe research represented in the given work concerns studying the organoleptic, chemical and microbiological indicators in the drinking water on the territory of the Ajara Autonomous Republic. Particularly, among the organoleptic indicators the scent, taste and color of the drinking water have been determined; as for the chemical indicators – pH, ammonia and nitrite- and out of the heavy metals – lead, arsenic, cadmium and zinc have been determined.Item The methodology for design of informational and analytical system for environmental monitoring of mining and chemical enterprise in the liquidation(Lviv Politechnic Publishing House, 2017-11-12) Pohrebennyk, Volodymyr; Dzhumelia, Elvira; Lviv Polytechnic National UniversityThe impact of the mining and chemical enterprise on the state of pollution of the environment was assessed in the paper. The need to design an informational and analytical system for monitoring the territory of Rozdil state mining and chemical enterprise (SMCE) “Sirka” at the stage of the liquidation was proved. It was established that it is necessary to create an informational and analytical system of environmental monitoring, which will increase the ecological safety of the territory of the enterprise and the surrounding settlements.Item The methodology for design of informational and analytical system for environmental monitoring of mining and chemical enterprise in the liquidation(Lviv Politechnic Publishing House, 2017-11-12) Pohrebennyk, Volodymyr; Dzhumelia, Elvira; Lviv Polytechnic National UniversityThe impact of the mining and chemical enterprise on the state of pollution of the environment was assessed in the paper. The need to design an informational and analytical system for monitoring the territory of Rozdil state mining and chemical enterprise (SMCE) “Sirka” at the stage of the liquidation was proved. It was established that it is necessary to create an informational and analytical system of environmental monitoring, which will increase the ecological safety of the territory of the enterprise and the surrounding settlements.Item Assessing the impact of Sumy CHP on soil(Lviv Politechnic Publishing House, 2017-03-21) Pliatsuk, Leonid; Hurets, Larysa; Miakaieva, Hanna; Miakaiev, Oleksandr; Sumy State UniversityThe paper presents assessment of the impact of Sumy CHP when pollutants come into soils with atmospheric precipitation and filtration from the area of the ash and slug dump. Samples of snow were tested for the content of heavy metals and ash particles. Soil samples were tested for the content of heavy metals. The conducted research showed a high degree of soil contamination in the area of Sumy CHP influence.