Environmental Problems

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Author: search.filters.author.Dyachok, VasylHas files: Yes

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    Development of environmentally safe technologies for the extraction of plant raw materials
    (Видавництво Львівської політехніки, 2023-02-28) Dyachok, Vasyl; Venher, Liubov; Ivankiv, Oksana; Diachok, Iruna; Lviv Polytechnic National University; Danylo Halytsky Lviv National Medical University
    The peculiarity of solid bodies of organic origin, in contrast to solid bodies of mineral origin, is that their internal structure is characterized by the presence of two spaces – cellular and intercellular. Such bodies tend to swell upon contact with the extractant. The phenomenon of swelling, during extraction, is always accompanied by the dissolution of target substances contained in the cellular and intercellular space. All these processes create conditions for the diffusion of the dissolved target substance through the cell membrane into the intercellular space, and then through the intercellular space beyond the boundaries of the solid phase particle. This helps to increase the volumes of the cellular and intercellular environment. The absolute value of the volumes of cellular and intercellular spaces is one of the most important values when developing and calculating extraction processes and forecasting environmentally safe technologies for obtaining biologically active compounds. The work presents a method of experimentally calculating the volumes of intercellular and cellular spaces of medicinal plant raw materials of various morphological organs. The established absolute values of the volumes of the cellular and intercellular spaces make it possible to calculate the order of diffusion coefficients of biologically active compounds in the medium of the intercellular space, as well as in the cell membrane. In the future, the determined values of the volumes provide grounds for predicting the regime, kinetics and dynamics of extraction of target substances during the implementation of an environmentally safe technology for obtaining biologically active compounds in production, as well as to support the monitoring of production processes of extraction in digital mode.
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    Cleaning of Gas Emissions By Biological Method
    (Видавництво Львівської політехніки, 2022-03-01) Dyachok, Vasyl; Venher, Liubov; Huhlych, Serhiy; Svjantko, Iryna; Lviv Polytechnic National University
    The paper shows the possibility of using chlorophyllsynthesizing microalgae of Chlorella Vulgaris to purify biogas from carbon dioxide (CO2), hydrogen sulfide (H2S) and ammonia (NH3). Experimental dependences of the dynamics of CO2 uptake by microalgae under the action of H2S inhibitor and NH3 activator are presented. A mathematical description of the growth of biomass of microalgae Chlorella Vulgaris depending on the concentration of hydrogen sulfide and ammonia was obtained. The optimal values of hydrogen sulfide and ammonia concentration for the efficient process of carbon dioxide uptake by chlorophyll-synthesizing microalgae Chlorella Vulgaris from biomethanization gas have been established.
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    Wetland meadows of Carex acutiformis as a source of bioelectricity
    (Видавництво Львівської політехніки, 2021-03-01) Rusyn, Iryna; Dyachok, Vasyl; Lviv Polytechnic National University
    The article presents the assessment of bioelectroproductivity of wetland sedge ecosystems of Carex acutiformis in situ. It was found that it is possible to obtain a bioelectric potential at the level of 864.2–1114.8 mV, depending on external conditions using a pair of electrodes graphite/zincgalvanized steel and graphite/aluminum. The increase in soil moisture had a positive effect on bioelectric potential parameters. Widespread in Polissya biotopes of sedge have prospects as sources of green plant-microbial energy.
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    The impact of microwave radiation in the processes of carbon dioxide absorption by chlorophyll-producing microalgae
    (Видавництво Львівської політехніки, 2020-02-10) Dyachok, Vasyl; Mandryk, Solomiia; Huhlych, Serhiy; Lviv Polytechnic National University
    The influence of microwave radiation on the rate of СО2 uptake by chlorophyll-producing microalgae of the Chlorella Vulgaris has been established. Experimental dependencies of greenhouse gases absorption by microalgae depending on the impact of microwave electromagnetic (MEM) field have been obtained. The mathematical model of the dynamics of biomass growth of Chlorella Vulgaris microalgae depending on the time of electromagnetic radiation has been constructed. Based on the mathematical model solution and the experimental data obtained, a chart of the dependence of CO2 absorption by microalgae of the Chlorella Vulgaris provided that microwave radiation is present, has been constructed. The optimal value of microwave electromagnetic radiation for the design of technological schemes for the industrial purification of gas emissions from carbon dioxide by biological method has been established.