Environmental Problems
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Item Study of the process of adsorption of petroleum products methods of multivariate cluster analysis(Видавництво Львівської політехніки, 2023-02-28) Sabadash, Vira; Konovalov, Oleh; Nowik-Zajaç, Anna; Lviv Polytechnic National University; Jan Dlugosz University in CzestochowaThe article is devoted to studying the process of adsorption of oil products using multivariate cluster analysis methods. The study solves the problem of environmental pollution with petroleum substances and the search for effective cleaning methods. The work aims to study the prospects of using synthetic zeolites to effectively purify industrial wastewater from oil products. The scientific novelty of the study is the study of the potential of synthetic zeolites as adsorbents to ensure an efficient and environmentally friendly process of cleaning industrial wastewater from petroleum products. The adsorption research methodology included selecting and preparing eight types of adsorbents, determining temperature and concentration range, measuring adsorption capacity, data processing and analysis of results. In the experimental study, the photometric method was used, one of the most accurate and widely used methods for measuring the adsorption of petroleum products. The study results indicate some materials potential for the effective adsorption of petroleum products. The study provides grounds for recommendations regarding the optimal conditions for the adsorption process and the selection of materials for further research and development. The application of multivariate cluster analysis in the study of the adsorption process of oil products opens up new opportunities for solving environmental pollution problems and developing effective technologies for cleaning the environment. The outcomes of this study are anticipated to significantly benefit industries dealing with petroleum product separation and pollution control. By offering a more comprehensive understanding of the adsorption process, this research opens avenues for developing tailored adsorption strategies for specific applications.Item Dynamics of carbon dioxide adsorption by carbon nanotubes(Видавництво Львівської політехніки, 2023-02-28) Sabadash, Vira; Gumnitsky, Jaroslaw; Lopushansky, Oleksiy; Matsuska, Oksana; Nowik-Zając, Anna; Lviv Polytechnic National University; Lviv National University of Veterinary Medicine and Biotechnologies named after S. Z. Gzhytskyi; Jan Dlugosz University in CzestochowaThis article is devoted to the study of the carbon dioxide adsorption process. The relevance of using carbon nanotubes for adsorbing carbon dioxide from industrial emissions is that carbon nanotubes have a high surface area and can effectively interact with carbon dioxide molecules. In addition, they have high mechanical strength and chemical resistance, which makes them attractive for industrial use. Carbon nanotubes have the potential to reduce carbon dioxide emissions and reduce the negative impact on the environment. Using carbon nanotubes in the industry can help reduce greenhouse gas emissions and the environmental impact of burning fossil fuels. Purpose. The work aimed to study the prospects of using carbon nanomaterials to purify industrial emissions from carbon dioxide in a fluidized state. The scientific novelty of the topic "Dynamics of carbon dioxide adsorption by carbon nanotubes" is the study of the influence of temperature and gas velocity on the initial curves of CO2 adsorption dynamics in the fluidized state.Item Statics of adsorption of anionic surfactants(Видавництво Львівської політехніки, 2022-03-01) Sabadash, Vira; Konovalov, Oleh; Nowik-Zając, Anna; Lviv Polytechnic National University; Academy of Jan Dlugosz in CzestochowThe paper presents the results of the study of the statics of adsorption of surface-active substances from model solutions by activated carbon and zeolite. The results of photometric determination of the concentration of anionic surfactants before and after adsorption are presented. The results of adsorption capacity calculations are presented. The experimental results using the program (Langmuir 1.03) were numerically calculated. Sorption isotherms of sodium dodecyl sulfate indicate the mechanism of monomolecular physical adsorption. A good convergence of experimental data and theoretical calculations were established, the coefficient of determination R2>0.9, the value of the Chebyshev criterion 9·10-4... 2·10-4, and the root mean square deviation equal to 0 were established.Item Extraneous diffusion kinetics of ammonium ions adsorption in the presence of other ions(Видавництво Львівської політехніки, 2022-06-01) Sabadash, Vira; Gumnitsky, Jaroslaw; Petrus, Roman; Lviv Polytechnic National University; Pzeszów University of TechnologyThe article presents the results of the study of the kinetics of ions adsorption from multi-component mixtures. The isotherms of sorption of ammonium nitrogen in the presence of phosphates indicate a decrease in the exchange capacity of zeolite due to its competition for active absorption centres. This study was carried out with two ions of inorganic nature. In the presence of the third organic component in the solution (protein substance – albumin), the sorption capacity of zeolite decreases even more in comparison with ammonium ions. It was found that in the presence of phosphates, the equilibrium capacity of zeolite towards ammonium decreases by about 30 %; in the three-component system the reduction reaches about 70 %.Item Simulation of ion exchange interaction kinetics in the clinoptylolite – ammonium ion system(Видавництво Львівської політехніки, 2021-06-01) Sabadash, Vira; Gumnitsky, Jaroslaw; Omelyanova, Sofia; Lviv Polytechnic National UniversityThe kinetics of adsorption of ammonium ions under dynamic conditions has been studied. A mathematical model of the process was built. The mass transfer coefficient was calculated depending on the intensity of the change of location. It was established that ion exchange occurs in external and internal diffusion regions. The rate constants of ion exchange for the region of external and internal diffusion were calculated.Item Investigation of the process of fluoride ions adsorption by natural sorbents(Видавництво Львівської політехніки, 2021-03-01) Sabadash, Vira; Liuta, Oksana; Gumnitsky, Jaroslaw; Lviv Polytechnic National UniversityA detailed analysis of literature sources on the content of fluorides in the environment, methods of conditioning and defluoridation of water was held. The mechanism of interaction of fluorides with zeolite in the process of adsorption treatment of wastewaters and domestic waters was clarified. It was first established that in the process of adsorption there is the formation of magnesium fluoride compounds due to the binding of cations extracted from the zeolite by the mechanism of ion exchange. The mechanism of chemisorption of fluoride ions by the formation of insoluble CaF2 was also proved. According to the results of experimental research, a technological scheme has been developed, which provides the preliminary treatment of fluoride ions in the form of complexes with aluminium. In order to prevent the permeation of aluminium fluoride into the treated water, a stage of adsorption water purification was proposed. Calculations of the amount of reagent necessary to ensure the required degree of purification of water from fluoride ions were done. The statistical parameters of the process and the significance of the obtained results were calculated. The coefficient of determination of experimental data was 0.87…0.99, the standard deviation was 0.017…0.026.Item Adsorptive desulfurization of industrial wastewatern(Видавництво Львівської політехніки, 2020-02-10) Khudoyarova, Olga; Gordienko, Olga; Sydoruk, Tetiana; Titov, Taras; Petruk, Roman; Prokopchuk, Serhii; Vinnytsia Mykhailo Kotsiubynskyi State Pedagogical University; Vinnytsia National Technical UniversityAn alternative method of purification of aqueous sulfide-alkaline effluents from sulfide and hydrosulfide ions by their adsorption with mixed sorbents based on activated charcoal and kieselguhr has been investigated. High adsorption efficiency of mixed sorbents for purification of model sulfide- and hydrosulfide-containing solutions has been established. The dependence of the extraction degree of sulfide and hydrosulfide ions from aqueous solutions on their concentration, adsorption time and sorbent mass used has been investigated. The surface of mixed sorbents after purification of sulfide-alkaline model solutions was investigated by X-ray analysis, and the presence of various modifications of sodium sulfide on the surface was shown. The scheme of adsorption treatment of industrial sewage with the use of mixed sorbents has been offered.Item Investigation of the process of ammonium ion adsorption by natural and synthetic sorbents by methods of multidimensional cluster analysis(Видавництво Львівської політехніки, 2020-02-10) Sabadash, Vira; Gumnitsky, Yaroslav; Liuta, Oksana; Lviv Polytechnic National UniversityThe results of the research of the adsorption capacity of a number of sorbents of natural and synthetic origin for ammonium ions have been clustered. The natural zeolite of the Sokyrnytsia deposit, a synthetic sorbent based on the fly ash of Dobrotvir state district heat power plant, Al2O3, SiO2, as well as some types of soil: sandy soil, black soil, and clay were used in the research. Equations describing the regularities of adsorption processes depending on the type of sorbent were obtained. According to the obtained dendrograms, two main clusters of sorbents were identified. The statistical parameters of the process and the significance of the obtained results were calculated. The coefficient of determination of the experimental data was 0.67–0.99, the standard deviation was 0.017–0.026.Item Socio-psychological essence of attractiveness for the subjects of entrepreneurial activities of adsorption extraction of Nickel ions (II) by bentonite clays(Lviv Politechnic Publishing House, 2019-02-26) Sakalova, Halyna; Palamarchuk, Olha; Vasylinycz, Tamara; Petrushka, Kateryna; Zaharko, Jaroslava; Stocaluk, Oleh; Vinnytsia State Pedagogical University named after Mykhailo Kotsiubynsky; Lviv Polytechnic National University; Lviv State University of Life SafetyThe article considers an actual but not sufficiently developed problem of attractiveness for the subjects of entrepreneurial activity of adsorption extraction of Nickel ions (II) by bentonite clays. The basic social and psychological mechanisms for the adoption of environmentally-oriented activities are analyzed. The styles of entrepreneurs’ response to the attractiveness of adsorption extraction of Nickel ions (II) by bentonite clays are characterized. The process of sorption of Nickel ions (II) with a fixed layer of sorbent by bentonite clays is investigated. The main advantages of using bentonites in water treatment technologies are described: powerful geological reserves, cheap rock formation, simple preparation for transportation and use, the possibility of using spent sorbents in other technologies, eliminating the need for expensive regeneration. The influence of different factors (length of the process, layer of the adsorbent) on the degree of wastewater treatment from Nickel ions, influence of pumping speed on dynamic capacity of the sorbent is investigated and effective volume is determined. The results of the research indicate that the use of natural mineral sorbents, in particular, the bentonite clay of Cherkassy deposit, is promising and effective for purification of waste water from Nickel (II) ions.Item Investigation of migration of heavy metals in the soil environment on the example of copper sulfate(Lviv Politechnic Publishing House, 2019-02-26) Lyuta, Oksana; Sabadash, Vira; Beymuk, Mariya; Gumnitsky, Jaroslav; Lviv Polytechnic National UniversityThe problem of permanent and prolonged pollution of soils by various kinds of pollutants, in particular heavy metals, was analyzed. Experimental investigations of penetration of copper sulfate into a vertical soil profile have been carried out. The adsorption capacity of the sandy environment of copper sulfate was experimentally determined.