Видозміна архітектурного образу будівель вищих навчальних закладів з часу появи перших університетів до сьогодення

Abstract

У статті розглянуто історію формування архітектурно-просторового рішення та образу будівель вищих навчальних закладів. Висвітлено світовий досвід проектування університетських будівель, що дало змогу встановити тенденції формування їхньої архітектури і підтвердило важливість упровадження цих принципів для розвитку вищої школи в нашій державі.

Historically folded so, that the universities were born new knowledge, formed scientific hypotheses and theories, universal outlook on life and man. An university sent his activity to the grant of universal knowledge to the young people that formed the intellectual society elite. Therefore and in the modern world higher educational establishment is the inalienable constituent of society life and development. For the last halves a century, due to modernization and change of architectural approaches, universities cardinally changed the vector of the development. Over the past half century, due to modernization and changing architectural solutions, universities have dramatically changed the vector of development. Today, universities have entered a new stage of development as well as education quality and appearance. Many of them are well-known outside the state, they carry out the role of “dominant” object that positively influences on the image of the whole country. Foreign experience is rich on such examples, but our country has not so much. For this reason a study of this question is extraordinarily actual in direction of development of higher school in Ukraine. The scientific context of research is folded by developments of the Ukrainian scientists in the area of higher educational establishments design, namely L. Kowalski, H. Kovalska, S. Linda, S. Stasyuk, L. Shuldan, V. Proskuryakov. However in most scientific researches small attention is spared to nature of university architectural shape formation, to the study of modification tendencies of them typology signs and principles. All of it testifies to actuality of this theme, that stipulated a choice of direction in scientific research. For this reason this research is called to consider the development process of university building architectural character forming on the different historical stages. In obedience to this analysis will be drawn conclusion and there will be these answers for a question: is there such phenomenon in the modern world as visual recognition of university buildings? Are there unchanging elements of universities building volume-spatial structure that were saved until now and are valid for the use in in the design? Methodology of this work envisages for the reflection of complete picture the selection of five historical stages with the aim of analysis one university building from each stage. The analysis of architectural character was conducted after such aspects, as description of building form, use of architectural composition facilities and common impression from the object. Next was the systematization of the obtained data on which final conclusions were made.