Палацовий садово-парковий комплекс за проектом архітектора П’єра Ріко де Тірреґайля у Кристинополі

Abstract

На основі архівних документів проаналізовано ландшафтне та композиційно-планувальне, функціональне, семантичне вирішення садово-паркового закладення при палаці у м. Кристинополі за проектом архітектора П’єра Ріко де Тірреґайля.The garden-park complex in the city of Krystynopol under the project of Pierre Rico de Tirregaille. The research of garden-park complex at the palace of Salezy Franciszek Potocki by architect Pierre Rico de Tirregaille in Krystynopol (from 1951 – Chervonograd) is selective and incomplete. The origin of the residence is the castle in Krystynopol established by Felix Potocki on the land yard, on the distance of twelve kilometers from Sokal, was in remote, hard-to-reach areas surrounded by swamps where rivers Western Bug and Solokiya merge. To date are not known manuscripts or graphic information about its original appearance. With the changing of political situation the castle in Krystynopol, like many other buildings of this type, gradually lost its defensive significance, becаme an ordinary magnate residence. Francis becomes the sole owner (Didych) of Kristinopol after death of his father. With two marriages Franciszek Salezy Potocki was the richest representative of the whole family Potocki and the richest magnate in Poland. Voivod Potocki had more authority than the King, throughout the life Francis Salezy Potocki was called “small king of Rus”. The voivod was planning on getting a real crown. Ambitious plans of Salezy Francis Potocki needed decent “future king” residence. The architect Pierre de Tirregaille Rico (Pierre Ricaud de Tirregaille), the French military engineer helped him to make a reconstruction of the family cell who drafted the palace and garden and oversaw the construction for six years from 1756 to 1762. The project is kept in the National Archives of the city of Krakow in the collection “29/635/0 Archiwum Potockich z Krzeszowic, Sign. 3137. The project consists of the performed colored ink and watercolor master plan, of the palace garden plan, residential part of the palace facade, of the side entrance gate, side facade yard, facade of the office of the party stronghold, the facade on the part of the garden section, of the residential palace in the main axis through the lobby and an Italian interior (Ballroom) plan and facade garden bathing pavilion (Dutch) plan and the facade of the pavilion pleasure “lusthaus“ plan and facade of the Perespa palace in progress and plan of Haychyn park. The article is based on these and other archival documents, analyzed composition and landscape-planning, functional, semantic solution of garden-park laying in a palace in the city of Krystynopol by the project of architect Pierre Rico de Tierregaila. The type of palace complex in Krystynopol repeats many Baroque residences that lie on one of the axes composite city in east-west direction, forming a single unit with the city. The complex of palace buildings appears as elongated in the north-south rectangle that split roughly into two parts. The first is directly adjacent to the market square and was formed from three separate households. Middle – front yard “avant cour”, in which the carriages stopped from the market square, on the left – Flower Garden “Et Jardin Fluriste” of building a greenhouse, the right – and storage shed for storing. Further, the center housed the main body residences laid out around a symmetrical quadrangle with slightly curved sides, in the central part of which was formed a closed yard “cour d’honneur”. The main building of the residence consisted of gate body, from which the two sides pulling side wings are connected to the main building of the palace. On the main longitudinal axis that runs through the area of market front yard “avant cour” gate building, located residential front door of the residence – the building of the palace. The architect Pierre de Tirregaille established a garden on the land of swamps, where rivers Western Bug and Solokiya merge, dedicated to the water element. The Garden had Central axis planning. It consisted of a parterre of which is adjacent to the palace and three longitudinal axial basins combined together. From the south, east and north garden surrounded by canals. Network channels and pools are functionally linked, resembling the alchemical retort, as the owner was a fan of alchemical hermetyzm. The palace complex consisted of two menagerie and a recreation palace in the village Perespa. Resting place of the owner full of luxury and entertainment life in Krystynopol served as a small palace “Côttê de la Cour”. The authorship of this project is also attributed to Pierre de Tirregaille Rico. Consequently, the palace and park complex in Krystynopol was a real architectural pearl of its time. The architect Pierre de Tirregaille established a garden on the land of swamps, where rivers Western Bug and Solokiya merge, dedicated to the water element. The Garden had Central axis planning. It consisted of a parterre of which is adjacent to the palace and three longitudinal axial basins combined together. From the south, east and north garden surrounded by canals. Network channels and pools are functionally linked, resembling the alchemical retort, as the owner was a fan of alchemical hermetyzm. The palace complex consisted of two menagerie and a recreation palace in the village Perespa. Resting place of the owner full of luxury and entertainment life in Krystynopol served as a small palace “Côttê de la Cour”. The authorship of this project is also attributed to Pierre de Tirregaille Rico. Consequently, the palace and park complex in Krystynopol was a real architectural pearl of its time.