Політична стабільність як політологічна категорія: основні підходи

Abstract

Проаналізовано вибрані підходи та теорії щодо дослідження поняття «політична стабільність» як однієї із найважливих характеристик політичного життя сучасних країн глобалізованого світу. Розглянуто підходи до класифікації політичної стабільності. Виокремлено ключові акценти у визначеннях політичної стабільності в межах різних теоретико-методологічних підходів. The aim of the article is to analyse the chosen approaches and theories for research of political stability concept which belongs to one of the most important characteristics of coexistence of contemporary states in the globalized world. This work is grounded on the following research methods, namely comparative analysis and synthesis, system analysis and classification. We have distinguished two classifications. These are A. Makarychev’s typology and synthesis approach to the concept of political stability. Our choice is due to the fact that in the first case, the conducted work gives an idea of the stability concept at the level of definitions and the subject of political science research, as well as analysis of the most common interpretations of the concept of political stability in Western literature, and, in the second case, chosen approach introduces a wide scope of different theoretical and methodological perspectives in political science. The main points in definitions of political stability in the framework of different approaches and theories are distinguished in conclusion. They include the absence of threat of illegitimate violence (F. Bealey) legitimacy and support for it fundamental values (S. Lipset, J. Zaller), «order plus continuity» (S. Huntington), effective economy and institutional development (E. Duff, D. Makkamant), adaptive capabilities of the system and its ability to manage structural changes (T. Parsons; structural functionalism), contrasting conditions of political stability and instability in conflict approach, understanding the political stability as a system characteristic of the political space (system approach), as well as a set of institutions and actual indicators within the institutional approach.