Архітектура українських клубних будівель. Традиції і майбутнє

Abstract

Висвітлено основні етапи формування мережі українських клубних будівель. Досліджено особливості їх функціонального наповнення. На основі аналізу досвіду проєктування культурних центрів запропоновано бачення їхнього розвитку в майбутньому.

Modern tendencies of society development indicate that there is a strong need for having spaces for cultural activities, communication and leisure. Therefore, it is really surprising that existing cultural and performing buildings, which were designed and built for these purposes, are ignored and often neglected. Partially passed into private ownership they lose their primary function. Culturally-performing establishments of club type started appearing on the territory of Ukraine at the beginning of the 19th century. They were being founded by public organizations and communities in cities and villages with the purpose of spreading basic knowledge. Libraries, bookstores, lecture and theatrical halls were functioning there as well as various courses and groups. Club is a public organization which voluntarily unites groups of people with the aim of communication connected by political, scientific, artistic, sports and other interests as well as leisure and entertainment. These places were mostly of closed, elite character. In the 19th century the first more democratic, accessible to everyone clubs with a wider program of spending leisure time started appearing in Europe. Such clubs included: a Sunday school, a library, space for entertainment, such as sports and audience halls, billiard room and rooms for playing cards. In Ukraine village and city cultural and educational buildings were often quite different in their visual and architecturally-spatial solutions. A traditional Ukrainian house as well as a church can be considered as prototypes of Ukrainian clubs in villages. The ones in the cities were mostly based on European patterns. Social, economic and ideological conditions of each historical epoch make their own print on the types of public buildings and urban spaces, joints to them, providing them with a new social meaning and functional structure. Therefore, in order to foresee the development of modern cultural centres, define their optimal functional structure and object and spatial solution it is necessary to analyse and use architectural experience, especially the one of the of the 19th – beginning of the 20th centuries when public buildings were becoming more popular on our territories as well as around the world. The materials of the work present the main stages of formation of Ukrainian club buildings network. The rules of their location within the structure of residential areas as well as the peculiarities of their functional filling have been researched. The vision of the development of cultural centres in the future has been suggested based on the analysis of the experience of their design.