“М’яка інфраструктура” у формуванні інноваційної екосистеми

Abstract

Розкрито сутність та обґрунтовано передумови формування “м’якої інноваційної інфраструктури” як обов’язкового інтегруючого елемента інноваційних екосистем різного рівня. Здійснено аналіз відмінностей між основними типами інноваційної інфраструктури та системне визначення проблем, що зумовлюють стан розвитку вітчизняної інноваційної інфраструктури. Розроблено пропозиції щодо формування в Україні сучасної конкурентоспроможної інноваційної інфраструктури та запропоновані механізми активізації існуючих елементів “м’якої інфраструктури” у межах розбудови інноваційної екосистеми.The article reveals the necessity of raising the level of innovative infrastructure development in order to enhance the impact on the speed of implementation of innovative reforms in the economic systems of different levels. In countries with a developed production infrastructure, there is a process (soft infrastructure in contrast to hard infrastructure) that is characterized by the increasing role of intangible factors of production, Informatization of society. The purpose of the article is to reveal the essence and substantiate the prerequisites for the formation of "soft" innovation infrastructure" as required integrating element of innovation ecosystems at various levels. Disclosed and justified the essence of the origin of the term "soft infrastructure" from the standpoint of the economic theory of public choice, the authors consistently advocated limiting the economic functions of the state. The author analyses the differences between the main types of innovation infrastructure. Characteristic features of "soft infrastructure" are defined in the conditions of postindustrial society and substantiated as a key part of the supportive environment, which forms the national innovation system and its modules – the innovation ecosystems at various levels. It is composed of: material and technical facilities; financial support, including venture capital industry; infrastructure services and competencies, which specializiruetsya on providing services to high-tech companies; information system that provides interaction and communication between participants in the innovation ecosystem. The practical importance is in the substantiation of innovation brokers role as an important element of the regional innovation ecosystems as they implement a comprehensive approach to infrastructure provision; strengthening the role of intellectual property management to ensure the commercialization of scientific research, carried out by startups and other organizational forms of innovative entrepreneurship. They carried out a systematic definition of problems, determining the development status of the domestic innovation infrastructure and conducted a SWOT analysis of the formation of innovation ecosystems of Ukraine in the international innovation space, which will more effectively implement modern infrastructure policies in Ukraine. Developed proposals for the formation in Ukraine of modern competitive infrastructure, and proposed mechanisms to enhance the existing elements of "soft infrastructure" in the framework of the development of the innovation ecosystem. Among them: the formation of additional optimization of available tools for the development of professional competence of market participants in the early stages of commercialization and technology transfer; creation of new and development of existing communication platforms for the organization of communication scholars and inventors with business representatives; activation of the processes of transfer of competences as in the "vertical plane" (from investors and companies in late stages to early – stage companies) and horizontal, particularly from technology companies in selected sectors, and to companies in other industries.