Socio-political preconditions for the emergence of public associations in Western Ukraine
dc.citation.epage | 16 | |
dc.citation.journalTitle | Вісник Національного університету “Львівська політехніка” : журналістика | |
dc.citation.spage | 11 | |
dc.contributor.affiliation | Національний університет “Львівська політехніка” | |
dc.contributor.affiliation | Lviv Polytechnic National University | |
dc.contributor.author | Іваницька, Божена | |
dc.contributor.author | Ivanytska, Bozhena | |
dc.coverage.placename | Львів | |
dc.coverage.placename | Lviv | |
dc.date.accessioned | 2023-08-30T10:07:02Z | |
dc.date.available | 2023-08-30T10:07:02Z | |
dc.date.created | 2021-02-21 | |
dc.date.issued | 2021-02-21 | |
dc.description.abstract | У другій половині XIX ст. західноукраїнські землі, придатні для розвитку сільського господарства, не могли забезпечити своїх мешканців належним добробутом. Більше того, в регіоні часто панував голод, і вирували злидні. Особливо постраждали українці, котрі становили більшість сільського населення регіону. Тогочасна урядова статистика намагалася довести, що для західноукраїнських селян були створені всі умови для забезпечення їхнього добробуту. Здавалося б, українські селянські господарства, що мали у своєму розпорядженні більшість орних земель, могли процвітати. Однак про інший бік цієї статистики не згадувалося: насамперед, було приховано, що найкращі землі належали власникам великих господарств. Якщо порівняти розмір площі великого землевласника та середнього селянського господарства, то селянське господарство було в рази менше сільськогосподарських угідь великого землевласника. Революційні події, котрі охопили Європу навесні 1948 р., принесли народам Європи надію на краще майбутнє. Наслідком революційного піднесення стало скасування кріпосного права в Австрійській імперії, яка також керувала Західною Україною. Насамперед українська інтелігенція, яка базувалася на священиках, вчителях та юристах, розпочала активну громадськополітичну роботу. Однак більшість населення все ще залишалася осторонь політики: ні їхня загальна освіта, ні їхнє матеріальне становище не сприяли участі в національному русі. Тобто “Весна народів” все ще не сприяла “масовому, повсюдному пробудженню національної свідомості українського народу Галичини, Буковини, Закарпаття” [17, с. 15]. Для цього потрібно було докласти чимало зусиль, перш за все для компетентного та політичного інформування нації про те, що повинні робити освічені люди [22]. | |
dc.description.abstract | In the second half of the XIX century Western Ukrainian lands suitable for agricultural development could not provide their inhabitants with adequate well-being. Moreover, famine often prevailed in the region, and poverty raged. Ukrainians, who made up the majority of the rural population of the region, were particularly affected: almost 80 % [7, p. 4]. Government statistics at the time tried to prove that all conditions were created for Western Ukrainian peasants to ensure their well-being. At the same time, for example, the following figures were used: peasants owned 62.2 % of the land area, while large landowners, mostly Austrians, Poles, Germans, Jews and other peoples, only 37.8 % of agricultural land. It would seem that Ukrainian peasant farms, which had the majority of arable land in their use, could prosper. However, the other side of this statistic was not mentioned: first of all, it was hidden that the best lands belonged to the owners of large farms. In addition, there were 3.734 communities in the areas used by the majority of peasants. Therefore, if we compare the size of the area of a large landowner and the average peasant economy, the peasant economy was 320 times smaller than the agricultural land of a large landowner. At the end of the 40s of the XIX century in almost all European countries the economic crisis deepened, mass strikes began. Governments became increasingly helpless, unable to control the situation. Political demands began to be put forward more and more often to the economic demands of the workers and peasants. The spirit of revolution hovered in the air. And soon it began. The revolutionary events that swept Europe in the spring of 1948 brought the peoples of Europe hope for a better future. The consequence of this revolutionary upsurge was the abolition of serfdom in the Austrian Empire, which also ruled Western Ukraine. First of all, the Ukrainian intelligentsia, which was based on priests, teachers, and lawyers, began active social and political work. However, the majority of the population still stayed away from politics: neither its general education nor their financial situation contributed to participation in the national movement. That is, the “Spring of Nations” still did not contribute to the “mass, widespread awakening of the national consciousness of the Ukrainian people of Galicia, Bukovina, Transcarpathia” [17, p. 15]. This required a lot of effort, first of all to inform the nation competently and politically about what educated people had to do [22]. | |
dc.format.extent | 11-16 | |
dc.format.pages | 6 | |
dc.identifier.citation | Ivanytska B. Socio-political preconditions for the emergence of public associations in Western Ukraine / Bozhena Ivanytska // Bulletin of Lviv Polytechnic National University : journalism. — Lviv : Lviv Politechnic Publishing House, 2021. — Vol 2 (2). — P. 11–16. | |
dc.identifier.citationen | Ivanytska B. Socio-political preconditions for the emergence of public associations in Western Ukraine / Bozhena Ivanytska // Bulletin of Lviv Polytechnic National University : journalism. — Lviv : Lviv Politechnic Publishing House, 2021. — Vol 2 (2). — P. 11–16. | |
dc.identifier.doi | doi.org/10.23939/sjs2021.02.011 | |
dc.identifier.uri | https://ena.lpnu.ua/handle/ntb/59926 | |
dc.language.iso | en | |
dc.publisher | Видавництво Львівської політехніки | |
dc.publisher | Lviv Politechnic Publishing House | |
dc.relation.ispartof | Вісник Національного університету “Львівська політехніка” : журналістика, 2021 | |
dc.relation.ispartof | Bulletin of Lviv Polytechnic National University : journalism, 2021 | |
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dc.relation.references | 21. Ivanychuk R., Komarynets Т., Melnyk І., Seredniak А. Essay on the history of “Prosvita” (1993). Lviv – Krakow – Paris, Prosvita. | |
dc.relation.references | 22. Ivanytska B. The press of business associations in Eastern Galicia : formation, thematic aspects and sociopolitical role (1918–1939) (2017) : valuable educational discourse. Lviv, LA “Piramida”. | |
dc.relation.references | 23. Kaplystyi М. (1970). Living and working conditions of Ukrainian farmers in Western Ukraine. Нью-Йорк. | |
dc.relation.references | 24. Kacharaba S., Rozhyk М. (1995). Ukrainian emigration. Emigration movement from Eastern Galicia and Northern Bukovina in 1890–1914. Lviv, Higher School Publishing House near Lviv Unaversity. | |
dc.relation.referencesen | 1. Adalkin, S. (1951). Agrarian relations in Western Ukraine (1919–1939). Lviv, Ivan Franko National University of Lviv (in Ukrainian). | |
dc.relation.referencesen | 2. Baran S. (1948). Land affairs in Galicia. Ausburg, Publication of the Association of Ukrainian Cooperators in Emigration. | |
dc.relation.referencesen | 3. Barvinskyi B. (1941). A brief history of Galicia during the millennium 1907–1941. Lviv, Ukrainian publishing house. | |
dc.relation.referencesen | 4. Bachynskyi Y. (1914). Ukrainian immigration in the United States. Lviv, Published by Yulian Bachynsky and Oleksandr Harasevych. | |
dc.relation.referencesen | 5. Belei I. (1894). Twenty-five years of Prosvitas history. Lviv. | |
dc.relation.referencesen | 6. Borovskyi Y. (1974). An Essay on the History of Agricultural Schooling in Western Ukraine. 1900–1944. Winnipeg, Published by the Academy of Sciences UV AN. | |
dc.relation.referencesen | 7. Budzinovskii V. (1901). Peasant settlement. Lviv, Published by the Ukrainian-Russ Publishing Union. | |
dc.relation.referencesen | 8. Let’s be a nation (1848). Zorya Halytska | |
dc.relation.referencesen | 9. Bujak F. (1918). Galicja. Lwuw. | |
dc.relation.referencesen | 10. Vasiuta I. (1971). Peasant movement in Western Ukraine in 1919–1939. Lviv, Publishing House of University. | |
dc.relation.referencesen | 11. Vytanovych I. (1964). History of the Ukrainian Cooperative Movement. New York, Ukrainian Cooperation Society. | |
dc.relation.referencesen | 12. Garat R. M. (2004). Activities of the "Prosvita" Society in Galicia (1868–1921). Chernivtsi, Cherniv. Nat. Univ. Yu. Fedkovich. | |
dc.relation.referencesen | 13. Gelei S. (1966) "Silskyi hospodar" – the first agricultural society of Galician peasants. | |
dc.relation.referencesen | 14. Gerasymenko M., Dudykevych B. (1955). The struggle of the workers of Western Ukraine for reunification with Soviet Ukraine. Kyiv, State Political Publishing House of Ukraine. | |
dc.relation.referencesen | 15. Gerasymenko M. (1958). Social stratification of the rural population of Galicia (second half of the nineteenth – early twentieth century). Ukr. hist. magazine. | |
dc.relation.referencesen | 16. Golovatskyi Y. (1850). Historical sketch of the founding of the Galician-Russ Matytsia and a report of the first cathedral of Russian scientists and lovers of public education. Lviv, Stauropean Institute. | |
dc.relation.referencesen | 17. Goldstein I. (1940). Agricultural relations in the former Poland, Western Ukraine and Western Belarus. Moscow, State socio-economic publishing house. | |
dc.relation.referencesen | 18. Dubrivnyi P. (1970). Methods of work of social agronomy of the company "Silskyi hospodar". New York. | |
dc.relation.referencesen | 19. Encyclopedia of Ukrainian Studies: Dictionary part (1955). Paris – New York, Young Life. | |
dc.relation.referencesen | 20. Foreign Ukrainians: Handbook (1991). Kyiv, Publishing House "Ukraine". | |
dc.relation.referencesen | 21. Ivanychuk R., Komarynets T., Melnyk I., Seredniak A. Essay on the history of "Prosvita" (1993). Lviv – Krakow – Paris, Prosvita. | |
dc.relation.referencesen | 22. Ivanytska B. The press of business associations in Eastern Galicia : formation, thematic aspects and sociopolitical role (1918–1939) (2017) : valuable educational discourse. Lviv, LA "Piramida". | |
dc.relation.referencesen | 23. Kaplystyi M. (1970). Living and working conditions of Ukrainian farmers in Western Ukraine. Niu-Iork. | |
dc.relation.referencesen | 24. Kacharaba S., Rozhyk M. (1995). Ukrainian emigration. Emigration movement from Eastern Galicia and Northern Bukovina in 1890–1914. Lviv, Higher School Publishing House near Lviv Unaversity. | |
dc.rights.holder | © Національний університет “Львівська політехніка”, 2021 | |
dc.rights.holder | © Ivanytska Bozhena, 2021 | |
dc.subject | фахово-господарські товариства | |
dc.subject | український часопис | |
dc.subject | честь нації | |
dc.subject | національна свідомість | |
dc.subject | товариство | |
dc.subject | professional-business partnerships | |
dc.subject | ukrainian magazine | |
dc.subject | honor of the nation | |
dc.subject.udc | 007 | |
dc.subject.udc | [32.053 | |
dc.subject.udc | 342.00] (477-15) | |
dc.title | Socio-political preconditions for the emergence of public associations in Western Ukraine | |
dc.title.alternative | Соціально-політичні передумови для виникнення громадських об’єднань в Західній Україні | |
dc.type | Article |
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