Особливості функціонально-планувальної організації та ландшафтного благоустрою територій духовно-реколекційних центрів угкц

Abstract

Ґрунтовно проаналізовано особливості функціонально-планувальної організації територій духовно-реколекційних центрів Української Греко-Католицької Церкви. На основі аналізу функціональної програми та всього спектру процесів, що відбуваються у духовно-реколекційних центрах запропоновано перелік необхідних функціонально-планувальних елементів території ДРЦ та низку вимог, яким повинно відповідати архітектурно-планувальне вирішення територій поданих споруд. На основі глибокого аналізу світового досвіду організації споруд цього типу окреслено основні прийоми ландшафтного благоустрою територій ДРЦ УГКЦThe article analyses the main features of the functional and planning organization of the territories of the spiritual retreat centers of the Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church. On the basis of the analysis of the functional program and the entire spectrum of processes taking place in the spiritual retreat centers, a list of necessary functional and planning elements of the territory of the SRC and a number of requirements which architectural and planning solutions of the territories of these structures should correspond to are proposed. Based on a deep analysis of world experience of organization of buildings of this type, the main techniques of landscape improvement of the SRC territories are outlined. The problem of spiritual development and spiritual recreation of society at the present stage becomes of special urgency. Religious identity is an important factor of development of the individual, the cultural revival of the people and the formation of human consciousness in modern conditions, as well as the key to the formation of a conscious, patriotic nation. The modern stage of the development of sacred architecture is characterized not only by the need to preserve and restore existing temples and monastic complexes, but also by the need to fill them with new social functions that go beyond the limits of worship. One of the ways to solve this problem is creating the new type of sacral building - the spiritual retreat center, filled with a whole spectrum of spiritual and educational, sociocultural, recreational and leisure functions in order to meet the requirements of modern society. The lack of works that comprehensively cover this topic in the scientific literature caused the need of complex study of the issues of the architectural and planning organization of the spiritual retreat centers of UGCC, in particular the question of the functional and planning organization of the territories of this type institutions. Considering the spiritual retreat center as a single territorial and compositional integral structure, it is important to provide a comprehensive design approach that will ensure the maximum consideration of all important factors and prerequisites for the creation of an optimal spatial structure that is designed to provide a comfortable stay and satisfy the full spectrum of spiritual and social needs of a wide range of visitors. The design of the SRC territory is a very important and complicated task. The territory should contribute to the full realization of all the functional processes of the SRC. The article gives some recomendations that are advisable to be taken into account in the process of designing the territory of the DRC. Functional assignment is one of the most important aspects of the planning decision of the SRC territory. The DRC performs a number of important functions that form the corresponding interrelated functional areas, interconnected by different technological connections. Developing the master plan of any architectural structure, an important point is the successful, precise, functional zoning of the territory. In the case of SRC, the functional zoning of the territories may vary in some way depending on the type, size of the establishment and the choice of the territory. The full set of functional zones includes the following zones: entrance, sacred core zone, exhibition, recreation and entertainment, quiet retreat zone, service area, parking. Particular attention is paid to the landscaping of the territory of the SRC. The landscape park area is now an integral part of designing the territory of each public building. For a clear demonstration of the mentioned principles of the SRC territory general plan formation, the article examines in detail the author's project proposal of the spiritual retreat center in Pohonya village, Tysmenitsya district of the Ivano-Frankivsk region. In order to fully use the cultural, educational, recreational, leisure and spiritual potential of the Church, it is important to ensure the creation of spiritual retreat centers with a developed system of functional elements. In order to expand the functional program palette, it is important to provide a flexible planning structure for the territory of the DRC, which will allow changing the parameters of the functional zones, dividing or combining the spaces depending on one or another type of activity. This also applies to the territories of existing monasteries, temples and spiritual centers. The emergence of new socio-cultural functions will make it possible to improve the planning decisions of these territories during their reconstruction and to create new important infrastructure elements in accordance with modern requirements