Архітектурно-просторова організація археологічних музеїв під відкритим небом (на прикладі Пліснеського історико-культурного заповідника)

Abstract

У цій статті проаналізовано основні підходи до архітектурно-просторової організації простору археологічних музеїв під відкритим небом. Розглянуто особливості функціонування археологічних музеїв та світовий досвід застосування різних підходів до музеєфікації пам’яток у створенні археологічних музеїв. Описано пропозицію формування простору археологічного музею під відкритим небом на прикладі Пліснеського історико-культурного заповідника.

Today search for new conceptual solutions to the preservation of the archaeological heritage occurs. The main factor is archaeological monuments’ complexity, related to the peculiarities of their formation and functioning as an integral part of natural, historical, cultural and social environment simultaneously. Open-air museums differ from collection museums with the spectacular presence of authentic element and historical environment. Despite the diversity of existing archaeological open-air museums, there are some common features, which suggest formed standards in the organization of archaeological parks. In particular, this applies to the potential to turn monument into a museum. When choosing a monument of archaeology for the creation of the open-air museum, it is important to consider three main factors – historical value, the level of preservation and accessibility. Open-air museums’ organization is extremely challenging. The methods of their creation differ in each case, through the variety and complexity of the archaeological heritage. Today three main approaches to museumification of the monuments of archaeology are "cap" method, a method of natural conservation and the reconstructive and archaeological layout method. Archaeological open-air museums offer visitors to learn many interesting things about the past and timeless in real. It provides a holistic view of the various spheres of national life. In the scientific understanding materials of a complex is an excellent model for the study of antiquities, so it is important to preserve the historical and cultural heritage for future research and promotion. Plisnesko is an important monument for displaying planning structure of Ukrainian fortified settlements of the ancient Slavic era. Creating Plisnesk archaeological open-air museum is a remarkable desition. In this article, the main approaches to the architectural organization of archaeological open-air museums are analyzed. The author attempts to use these approaches for organizing space of archaeological open-air museum on the example of Plisnesk historical and cultural reserve. We can reasonably assert that open-air museums are the relatively new direction of museum tourism, which is at the stage of its development. In the case of a professional architectural organization, this unique social and cultural system can provide recreational, educational, aesthetic potential of archaeological monuments. The main purpose of this institution is to convey the unique architecture, life and traditions of our ancestors to future generations in conditions as close to natural as possible. The main approach to archaeological open-air museums’ space organization is to provide a minimum interruption in the authentic historical system. The experience of different countries in the creation of open-air museums is not only cognitive interest but also helps to preserve the cultural heritage of Ukraine and especially archaeological sites. The author believes that implying such methods will bring the future to historical and cultural heritage.