Містобудівні основи формування здоров’я міста: аналіз, діагностика стану та прогнозування розвитку

Abstract

У статті обґрунтовано містобудівні основи аналізу, оцінки (діагностики) стану та прогнозування розвитку здорового міста. Розроблено модель процесів у містах, визначено методи дослідження та прогнозування його здоров’я на основі аналізу сучасних урбаністичних концепцій і явищ розвитку міст. Виокремлено важливі елементи і чинники, що впливають на міське здоров’я; систематизовано показники і критерії його оцінки.

The paper aims to outline the urban planning foundations of analysis, assessment (diagnostics) of conditions and prognosis of development of a healthy city. The tasks to be solved in the paper are the following: to clarify the nature of “city health” in the system of modern urban framework of categories and concepts; to develop the model of processes in the cities and their relation to the condition of a city; to pick out the parameters that influence the city health and to systematize them and explain the criteria of its assessment; to substantiate the methodical foundations of analysis, assessment (diagnostics) of conditions and prognosis of development of a healthy city, to verify the developed approach to the diagnostics of the condition of health on the example of a certain city and to the prognosis of development. Healthy city is a city with socially and ecologically sound processes, which efficiently use the capacity and implement the mechanisms of self-organization. Clarification of terms and analysis of modern urban concepts related to the problem under research make it possible to confirm that the major factors that form and influence the city health are concentrated in the processes of life and activity of urban systems. Two approaches were selected in order to explain the parameters of analysis and assessment of the condition of city health: selection of already existing parameters, which have been substantiated in various urban concepts; substantiation of parameters based on the model of five-dimensional space (person - functions - conditions - geometry - time). Major problems and deviations from healthy city on the example of Lviv, their causes and consequences are classified in accordance with the rules of causes and effects relations’ construction. The groups of processes in the cities, which produce the results negative for health and control and neutralize them, are defined. Harmonization of the processes at the system level contributes to revitalizing and efficient development of a city.