"Керовані міста" як урбаністичний підхід до проектування малих міст на прикладі малих міст Саксонії (ФРН)

Abstract

У цій статті, написаній для українськихч итачів, автор торкається особливостей функціонування малихм іст, використавши приклади невеликихм іст Саксонії. Розроблення аспекту ґрунтується на багатьохпр икладахта натурних спостереженнях. Науковець перевіряв результати своїхп опередніхдо сліджень з цієї тематики у дискусіях щодо належної якості життя у місті та дійшов висновку про те, що недостатньо уваги звертають на питання державного планування розвитку такихна селенихпу нктів. Автор вдячний професорові Віктору Івановичу Проскурякову за можливість висвітлити свої думки у цьому спеціалізованому виданні.In this article, written for Ukrainian readers, the author concerns the features of the functioning of small towns. For this, he used examples of small towns in Saxony. The development of the aspect is based on many examples and field observations. A preliminary study by the author on this topic allowed him to check their result in discussions about the good quality of life in the city. The author concluded that not enough attention of government focused on the issue of state development planning for such settlements. First, the article describes the development of this type of settlements as small towns. As a rule, studies of such cities (including the small towns of central Saxony) are not scientific in nature, but cultural and practical type. Therefore, in this article the author gives a critical review of the existing perspective of administrative-territorial and regional policy on small cities in Germany and suggests that the basis for the development of such cities should be laid philosophical views of Wilhelm Schapps, which were based on the study of Saxon cities. As an approbation of this conclusion, the author describes the project «Atlas of the cities of Saxony», which he has been cooperating with the students of the departments of architecture and landscape of the Dresden Technical University for quite a long time. Thus, the author made preliminary conclusions regarding the strategies for the development of small towns in Saxony, in particular: • It is necessary to create a network of «background areas of social life», which form quality proposals for consumer services and use of historic urban development. • It is necessary to involve active citizens in the process of forming their environment, for this necessary to use modern methods of social coverage and approbation. • It is important to consider the issues of how people of different national cultures in small towns can interact. Separately specify how small cities can be used for migration processes of the population (characteristic of Europe in recent years). • Intensify the research of questions as to how modern digital technologies used in retail trade should change the functional use of housings and buildings in small towns.