Замок у стані тривалої руїни та заходи спрямовані на його збереження

Abstract

У статті сформовано дефініції “замок в стані тривалої руїни” та “архітектурна ревіталізація”. Розглянуто перелік заходів спрямованих на збереження пам’яток архітектури, а саме консервація, реставрація, музеєфікація, пристосування, ремонт (реставраційний), ревалоризація, реабілітація, регенерація, ревіталізація, реконструкція, відбудова, відтворення, реновація та ознакування, щодо їх застосування на прикладі замків в стані тривалої руїни. Визначено, які з перелічених варіантів підходять для збереження даного типу споруд, а які слід відкинути.

In the article, the definitions “castle in a state of long-term ruin” and “architectural revitalization” are given. A list of measures aimed at preserving architectural monuments from the standpoint of their application on castles in a state of long-term ruin is considered. The definitions characterizing permissible activities on architectural monuments specified in the Law of Ukraine “On the Protection of Cultural Heritage” and restoration State Building Standards, however, in theory and practice, much more concepts are used, since the regulated terms do not cover the entire range of possibilities for the preservation and development of architectural monuments. In their works, M. Bevz, A. Rybchynskyi, O. Plamenytska, P. Molski highlight measures for the preservation of architectural monuments. Analyzing the history of the founding of defensive castles, their further restructuring and decline, we form a definition: a castle in a state of long-term ruin is a castle, as a result of destruction during a siege or loss of its defensive functions in the 16th–17th centuries was abandoned without acquiring new owners fell and came to the state of ruin that we can observe today. Looking at conservation measures using the example of castles in a state of long-term ruin, we state the following positions: The conservation method is the main point for keeping castles in a state of long-term ruin. The restoration can only be applied fragmentarily, since a holistic restoration is akin to restoration, which is an unacceptable step, given the lack of sufficient information about the original appearance of the structure. Museumification is excellent, as a method of bringing a castle in ruins to a state suitable for an excursion visit, as well as designation, as a subspecies of museumification, accompanied by both information stands and tracing of foundations reveals the planning structure of the monument. Revitalization measures aimed at revitalizing the degraded space, and renovations, which give an authentic building a touch of novelty and emphasize the period of intervention in the monument are also important. In general, the idea of preserving the castle in a state of long-term ruin should be based on three main positions such as conservation, fragmentary restoration and revitalization, that is, preserving the authentic component and returning life to the object.