Проблеми валютного регулювання в Україні

Abstract

Розглянуто основні проблеми валютного регулювання в Україні, а також проаналізовано відносини, що виникають під час валютного регулювання, доцільність використання певних форм та інструментів валютної політики задля покращення ситуації в країні. Наведено основні напрямки покращення ситуації на валютному ринку, а саме: розроблення гнучких правил роботи для учасників валютного ринку, використання міжнародного досвіду тощо. In a globalized world financial markets and integrating them in Ukraine is urgent development of an effective monetary policy. Application forms and instruments of monetary policy is of particular importance in acute crisis. In this regard, there is a possibility of the effective capacity of the country to more successful integration into the world community. To do this, based on analysis of domestic and foreign sources of problems for the functioning of the currency market in Ukraine is proposed to develop a clearly thought-out system of currency regulation, which will allow in the future to take a more advantageous position and effectively implement national interests. The article focuses on the major issues of currency regulation in Ukraine, as well as the analysis of relations arising in foreign exchange regulation, analyzed the feasibility of using certain forms and instruments of monetary policy to improve the situation. Means of currency regulation aimed at determining the principles of domestic and foreign currency policy and the formation and development of the domestic currency market of Ukraine, which is formed through relationships with key partners on economic cooperation, EU countries and the USA. Rate of exchange data States against the hryvnia is quite unstable. At the time of deployment of the global financial crisis Ukraine had not been able to resist the destructive effects of political and economic external and internal events. In order to minimize foreign currency deficit and reduce the downward pressure on the national currency, the National Bank conducted active foreign exchange intervention by selling US dollars. The situation sudden changes in exchange rates have a negative impact on the economy, and for Ukraine, over the years, changes in exchange rates give only negative results. This situation can be resolved only through effective conduct of monetary policy, namely the country needs to move to inflation targeting monetary regime, which for the past 20 years gained high popularity, which is probably due to the fact that it has proved its effectiveness in many countries. Thus, in Eastern Europe, the number of countries that use inflation targeting regime is increasing every year. In Ukraine, the currency used outdated regulations that exist throughout the country has not produced any effective results. For the successful implementation of inflation targeting required drastic changes in macroeconomic and structural policies, improvement of national statistics, the reform of the banking system and domestic financial markets. To improve international relations Ukraine need as much as possible to participate in the international movement of capital by attracting foreign loans. Development of international loans associated with increased globalization processes. Growth rates of international loans several times higher than the rate of growth and foreign trade. In recent years, Ukraine is almost in the international currency markets. One of the main causes of the situation in the country is weak national economy. In such a situation NBU had to strictly control the hryvnia, because unlike most restrictions on trade in the national currency, which is currently applied, directly or indirectly, may have a negative impact on its stability.